Abstract: A method for preparing a high solids, aqueous paper coating composition which comprises adding dry particulate solids of a partially hydrolyzed, low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol to a high solids, aqueous paper coating composition and mixing without external heating until dissolved, preferably by mixing the polyvinyl alcohol solids into the aqueous pigment dispersion followed by the addition of binders and other additives to make the paper coating composition.

Abstract: This invention provides a water-soluble binder and a hot-melt binder for ceramics molding, said binder being composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer containing (meth)allyl group-containing nonionic monomer units or nitrogeneous group-containing nonionic monomer units.

Abstract: Paint stripping compositions and a method of removing paint and the like from a substrate is disclosed. More particularly, a stripping composition comprised of a polymeric resin, a water insoluble organic plasticizer, and a water miscible organic solvent, is provided for use in penetrating, softening, loosening and lifting the paint from a painted substrate while laminating with the paint. The lamination process is expedited by inclusion of steam heat and removal of the resultant laminate is accomplished by peeling, or more preferred, by blasting with pressurized steam or water.

Abstract: Acetals of polyvinyl alcohol are described in which at least some of the acetal groups are derived from terminally etherified oxyethylene aldehydes/oxaalkanals of the formula ##STR1## The new acetals are internally plasticized and can be processed thermoplastically without external plasticizers. Depending on the nature of the radical R, which can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, and the size of n, an integer, preferably 1 to 3, and, on the nature of other aldehydes which may be co-used for mixed acetalation, the new acetals are soluble in water or organic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention relates particularly to a one-package, black-pigmented, corrosion resistant coating composition, of excellent storage stability and being especially suitable for application over metal that has been coated with a composition containing chromium in non-elemental form. More specifically, the coating composition of the invention is formulated from an intimate blend of aqueous carbon black colloidal dispersion in aqueous medium, which is in further mixture with thickening agent aqueous acrylic resin dispersion and silica sol having a pH of not above about 10.

Abstract: A heat reserve material having excellent physical properties. The heat reserve material comprises;(A) a hydrophilic polymer having a hydroxyl group on a principal chain,(B) oxide glass, and(C) water and/or a water-soluble alcohol,wherein an amount of component (B) is within the range of 1 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of component (A), and an amount of component (C) is 6 to 50 times larger than the total weight of components (A) and (B).

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of polyvinyl alcohols absorbed onto pigments. In the process 10% to 30% strength by weight of aqueous solutions of partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols or fully or partially hydrolyzed vinyl alcohol copolymers, which are soluble in cold water, are spray-dried after the addition of 20% to 40% by weight, relative to the total solids content of the resulting suspension, of organic or inorganic pigments, preferably chalk. The invention is also directed to the pulverulent product and its use, wherein the product is distinguished by good flow capacity and an extremely low methanol content. It is suitable for use as a binder in paper coating compositions and in coatings for the surface finishing of paper and cardboard.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel characterized by the following features: the production process consists of a low-temperature processing stage in which the solution of polyvinyl alcohol with a polymerization degree over 1200 is processed at a low temperature so that polyvinyl alcohol is gelated, and a high-temperature processing stage in which the polyvinyl alcohol gelated int he low-temperature processing stage is dried, then processed at higher than 100.degree. C.; in this way, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel with a saturated water content lower than 40 wt % is obtained. The hydrogels of this invention are useful for providing improved artificial articular cartilage for replacement of cartilage in the human body.

Abstract: A polymeric film material for the rinse release of wash additives comprises a blend of polyvinyl alcohol and an alkyl cellulose. A metalloid oxide cross-linking agent is present in an amount sufficient to sharply reduce the solubility rate of the film blend in an alkaline wash, yet allow dissolution in a less alkaline rinse. Optionally, a hydrophobic cationic species is included to further reduce the dissolution rate in the wash pH. The films remain intact during normal wash cycles and over a range of typical water temperatures, then rapidly dissolve in the rinse. The film can be used to microencapsulate an additive, or made into a water-soluble pouch, or as a soluble seal for a pouch or container.

Abstract: Molded articles such as gaskets for container caps are made from a thermoplastic composition at high speed, for instance above 100 per minute, by continuously cutting a continuous supply of molten thermoplastic composition into molten pieces and transferring the molten pieces to a molding position at which they are molded into the gaskets or other desired articles, and the composition includes a melt-release material that continuously replenishes a melt-release layer on the surfaces by which the molten composition is cut and transferred to the molding position.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire having a coating on at least one of its surfaces comprised of (a) polyvinyl-alcohol coating material containing (B) aluminum hydroxide.

Abstract: A soft contact lens of PVA having a tensile strength of not less than 10 kg/cm.sup.2, a water content ranging from 40 to 95% by weight, a visible light transparency of not less than 90%, and an oxygen permeability of not less than 30.times.10.sup.-11 cm.sup.3 .multidot.(STP).multidot.cm/cm.sup.2 .multidot.sec.multidot.mmHg. This soft contact lens can be prepared by forming a solution of PVA in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, pouring the PVA solution in a mold having a shape of contact lens, and crystallizing at a temperature of not more than ordinary temperature. The soft contact lens has a high mechanical strength, high water content, high transparency and high oxygen permeability.

Abstract: Aqueous emulsions containing an ethylene-vinyl chloride (EVCl) copolymer and tetramethylol glycoluril are described for use as binder compositions suitable for application onto nonbonded filter paper. The emulsions are prepared by incorporating 4 to 10 wt % tetramethylol glycoluril, based on the total weight of the emulsion copolymer, into an aqueous disperson of a copolymer consisting essentially of 65 to 90 wt % vinyl chloride 5 to 35 wt % ethylene and optionally, up to 10 wt % of a hydroxyalkyl- or carboxylic acid-containing functional comonomer. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a stabilizing system consisting essentially of 3 to 15 wt % polyvinyl alcohol. Filter paper impregnated with these emulsions maintain tensile strength and flexibility upon being subjected to hot oil.

Abstract: A composition for closing pores in a formation following a steam-flooding enhanced oil recovery process. The composition comprises an aqueous temperature activated gellable mixture. This mixture is comprised of water, water dispersible polymers, phenolic compounds, and aldehyde producing compounds. Polymers which can be utilized herein include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide and poly(acrylamide-coacrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate). Phenol is the phenolic compound of choice. At a formation temperature greater than 300.degree. F., trioxane, the preferred aldehyde producing compound decomposes to yield formaldehyde which reacts with phenol to form phenolic resin in situ. The resin gels the polymer and forms a solid gel in a heated zone of the formation.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol-aldehyde gel having a high water content and low degree of crosslinking is provided which has improved stability. The gel can be used to retard the flow of water in subterranean formations encountered in hydrocarbon production. One embodiment of the invention provides a method of forming the gel in-situ in the pores of subterranean zones thereby retarding or blocking the flow of water therein.This application is a continuation application of copending Ser. No. 027,723, filed Mar. 19, 1987, now abandoned which was a divisional application of Ser. No. 693,680, filed Jan. 22, 1985, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,194 which was a continuation-in-part application of Serial No. 514,557, filed Jul. 18, 1982, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,498,540 which issued Feb. 12, 1985.

Abstract: A pattern material for making foundry patterns for use in investment casting process, comprising urea, polyvinyl alcohol and a substance, said substance being capable of forming an eutectic mixture with polyvinyl alcohol to reduce the melting temperature of urea.

Abstract: Corrugating adhesives free of incompatibility problems with a fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol comprise a major portion of water, starch, strong base, a boric acid compound and a fully hydrolyzed water soluble polyvinyl alcohol composition.

Abstract: A skin marker is provided for diagnosis by X-ray tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The skin marker is composed of a vessel in which a non-magnetic and X-ray radioopaque material is dispersed, and a hydrogel of high water content filled in the vessel. The hydrogel is prepared by a process comprising a casting step of casting into the vessel an aqueous solution containing more than 8 wt % and not more than 20 wt % of a polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of not less than 98 mol % and an average polymerization degree of not less than 1,000, a freezing step of cooling the case aqueous solution to a temperature of not higher than - (minus)n 10.degree. C. to obtain a frozen mass, a thawing step of thawing the frozen mass, and one to seven additional cyclic processing steps each including the freezing and thawing steps.

Abstract: A composition comprised of polyvinyl alcohol coating and at least one water insoluble particulate organic or inorganic material having a plate like structure for use on at least one side of a rubber tire. Preferred particulate materials are flake mica and flake glass.

Abstract: There are disclosed (1) an injection-molded thermoplastic resin article having on a surface thereof a copper foil or a copper foil circuit, wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises one of polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, and polyetherimide and an adhesive layer comprising polyvinyl butyral having a degree of polymerization of up to 1000, polyvinyl formal having a degree of polymerization of up to 1000, or a mixture or both polymers is formed either the copper foil or the copper foil circuit and the molded thermoplastic resin and (2) a process for producing such injection-molded thermoplastic resin articles.

Abstract: A process for production of corrugated board using an aqueous adhesive which contains polyvinyl alcohol and clay, or polyvinyl alcohol, clay and water-soluble boron compound, the ratio of clay to polyvinyl alcohol being in the range of 200 to 600 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, the ratio of water-soluble boron compound being not more than 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, the solid content of the adhesive being 25 to 60% by weight characterized in that(a) a polyvinyl alcohol concentration in the solution excluding solid other than polyvinyl alcohol from adhesive being in the region bounded by the following formulas:Y.gtoreq.-0.0014 X+9.4 (i)Y.ltoreq.-0.0061 X+26.3 (ii)200.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.3500 (iii)wherein Y is defined by the following formula: ##EQU1## and X is degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol, (b) the viscosity of the adhesive measured by a Brookfield viscometer being from 200 to 6000 centipoises at 85.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the production of an aqueous dispersion by the dispersion of an inorganic pigment such as calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide in an aqueous medium, which method comprises incorporating in said inorganic pigment as a dispersant a carboxyl group-containing water-soluble polymer possessing a number average molecular weight in the range of 2,000 to 80,000 and/or a water-soluble condensed phospate and a water-soluble anionic modified polyvinyul alcohol possessing a polymerization degree in the range of 30 to 700, a saponification degree in the range of 30 to 100 mol %, and an anionic modification degree in the range of 0.5 to 20 mol %.

Abstract: An improved method for the production of a plasticizer-containing dry flowable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin blend capable of thermoplastic processing. The method provides for the incorporation of plasticizers in intimate contact with the PVA resin without heating, cooling, or extended drying steps. Specifically, PVA resin granules having an appropriately small particle size distribution are spray-coated with a liquid plasticizer medium, and then mixed with a dry, fine powder coating medium to produce a flowable, dry plasticized PVA blend. Additional components, such as antioxidants, dyes, and antiblocking agents, may also be incorporated into the finished product.

Abstract: Fibres, particularly glass or rock wool fibres coated with a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer and suitable for use as a base material to produce a surface coating on a backing by simultaneous spraying of the coated fibres mixed with water and a cross-linking agent. A method of producing the fibres to make them suitable to be sprayed in the manner described is also provided.

Abstract: An aqueous waxless size composition for textile yarn comprising in an aqueous solution(a) 100 parts polyvinyl alcohol and(b) 2-6 parts ethylene oxide-propylene oxide surfactant which has a surface tension less than 49 dynes/cm, preferably between about 40 to 48 dynes/cm, as a 0.1% aqueous solution at 25.degree. C., and desirably a foaming number less than about 20 (ml foam/g solution).degree.F. as a 7% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution containing 4 parts surfactant per 100 parts polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: An aqueous waxless size composition for textile yarn comprising in an aqueous solution(a) 100 parts polyvinyl alcohol and(b) 2-6 parts ethylene oxide-propylene oxide surfactant which has a surface tension less than 49 dynes/cm, preferably between about 40 to 48 dynes/cm, as a 0.1% aqueous solution at 25.degree. C., and desirably a foaming number less than about 20 (ml foam/g solution).degree.F. as a 7% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution containing 4 parts surfactant per 100 parts polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A polymeric film material for the rinse release of wash additives comprises a blend of polyvinyl alcohol and an alkyl cellulose. A metalloid oxide cross-linking agent is present in an amount sufficient to sharply reduce the solubility rate of the film blend in an alkaline wash, yet allow dissolution in a less alkaline rinse. Optionally, a hydrophobic cationic species is included to further reduce the dissolution rate in the wash pH. The films remain intact during normal wash cycles and over a range of typical water temperatures, then rapidly dissolve in the rinse. The film can be used to microencapsulate an additive, or made into a water-soluble pouch, or as a soluble seal for a pouch or container.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be effectively utilized as a floc conditioner during the formation of polyaluminum chloride. The polyvinyl alcohol can be effectively incorporated into the composition either before basification (pre-addition) or afterwards (post-addition). When added to concentrated aluminum containing solutions (8-9% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), polyvinyl alcohol is preferably used at concentrations up to about 2500 ppm. Higher concentrations may exhibit overdose behavior with progressively decreasing effectiveness. The preferred dosage is about 1750 ppm of PVA for synthetic laboratory water.

Abstract: An ink jet printing substrate particularly useful as a coating for paper for multi-color, water base ink jet printing consisting essentially of a high swelling montmorillonite clay, and optionally including a high surface area pigment, such as a synthetic silica or calcium carbonate and a water-insoluble binder.

Abstract: A stable gel is formed by reacting alumina hydrate sol and a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer in an aqueous solution having pH less than about 7 to form a polymeric sol and then transforming the sol to a gel. The copolymer preferably comprises polyvinyl acetate that is about 85-99% hydrolyzed. The gel is drawn into a thin layer and water is removed to form a thin, substantially crack-free film. The film makes a stable, generally transparent insulating material.

Abstract: A resin composition is suitable for molding to a gear and comprises 30 to 98 percent by weight of a resin being capable of the anisotropic phase in the molten state and the melt processing and 2 to 70 percent by weight of fibers such as metal fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, inorganic fibers, synthetic fibers and mineral fibers.

Abstract: A material for diagnosis by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is provided. The material comprises a hydrogel having a high water content. The hydrogel is prepared by the steps of casting an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution into a mold, cooling the case aqueous solution to obtain a cooled frozen mass and thawing the cooled frozen mass. The cooling and thawing steps may be repeated up to eight cycles. The hydrogel is also prepared by subjecting the cooled frozen mass to a partial dehydration step in vacuum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for manufacturing a porous polymer containing many voids in its interior, which has a small apparent specific gravity and is superior in terms of water absorbing properties, permeability and elasticity. The process comprises (1) forming O/W emulsion by using a water soluble surfactant wherein an inner phase of the O/W emulsion is a hydrophobic phase and an outer phase thereof is a water phase containing at least one water-soluble polymerizable monomer; (2) adding said O/W emulsion to a hydrophobic dispersing medium containing an oil-soluble surfactant to form O/W/O emulsion; and (3) polymerizing the monomer.

Abstract: Provided is a medical material comprising a molded hydrogel obtained by pouring an aqueous solution containing not less than 6 wt. % of a polyvinyl alcohol which has a degree of hydrolysis not less than 97 mole % and average polymerization degree not less than 1,100, into a desired shape of a vessel or mold, freeze-molding the aqueous solution at a temperature lower than -5.degree. C., then partially dehydrating the resulting molded product without thawing it up to a percentage dehydration not less 5 wt. %, and if required, immersing the partially dehydrated, molded product in water to attain a water content thereof in the range of 45 to 95 wt. %.

Abstract: Novel, non-crosslinked copolymers of vinyl trifluoroacetate (VTA) and up to 5 weight percent of the VTA of certain comonomers, such as vinyl esters or disubstituted ethylene monomers, are disclosed. Solvolysis of these copolymers provides novel water-insoluble, non-crosslinked, poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers which can by hydrated to copolymers having controllably variable hydrogel properties and high strength. Such poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers are particularly desirable as optical devices such as contact lenses.

Abstract: A water miscible, stable, fluid product comprises particles above 20 microns in size of a high molecular weight polymer gel interconnected by a continuous phase that is an aqueous solution of an equilibrating agent that holds the water content of the particles in equilibrium with the water content of the aqueous phase and that prevents substantial agglomeration of the particles in the fluid product. Preferred equilibrating agents are sodium polyacrylate and poly-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: A method for the production of small, dustless, free-flowing pellets of powder chemical additives utilizing a high molecular weight polymeric binder, such as polyvinyl alcohol; a surfactant containing oxyethylene groups; and water.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol-aldehyde gel having a high water content and low degree of crosslinking is provided which has improved stability. The gel can be used to retard the flow of water in subterranean formation encountered in hydrocarbon production. One embodiment of the invention provides a method of forming the gel in-situ in the pores of subterranean zones thereby retarding or blocking the flow of water therein.

Abstract: Reduction in the adhesion to glass of thermoplastic, plasticized polyvinylbutyral molding compositions, in particular sheeting, by the addition of a metal salt and/or metal chelate of an enolizable .beta.-diketone, or mixtures of these compounds, as an non-stick agent, preferably in amounts of 0.003 to 0.3% by weight, relative to the plasticized polyvinylbutyral. It is preferable to employ the non-stick agent in the form of a solution in the plasticizer. The use of the sheeting having an adhesion to glass reduced in accordance with the invention as a laminating layer for the production of glass laminates.

Abstract: A stable hardener composition for films of poly (vinyl alcohol) or poly (vinyl acetate) which preferably comprises an alkanol solution containing about 5 to 80% by weight of an aliphatic dialdehyde-bis (di-lower alkyl acetal), from 0 to about 1% by weight of water, and from about one to 30% by weight of the amount of said acetal of a strong Bronsted or Lewis acid, said alkanol being a primary alcohol containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The solution may also contain soluble thickening agents and dyes.

Abstract: A dispersion, having highly dilatant flow, of a carboxyl-containing copolymer of monoolefinically unsaturated monomers, wherein the temperature dependence of the critical shearing rate is greatly reduced by incorporation of from 0.1 to 30% by weight of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and/or water soluble salts of monovalent or divalent metals.

Abstract: A coating composite provides desirable corrosion resistance for substrate metals, as well as, enhanced torque control where desired. The undercoat of the composite can be metal in elemental form or can be exemplified by being chromium-containing, either in elemental or non-elemental form. The special topcoat composition, containing copolymer component and silicate substance in liquid medium, is applied directly to the undercoating. In addition to corrosion resistance and torque control, the composite provides the substrate metal with excellent heat, abrasion and solvent resistance. Before use, the special topcoating displays outstanding shelf stability.

Abstract: A method of temporarily inhibiting the swelling capacity of a water-swellable clay composition in contact with water includes mixing with a water-swellable clay a water soluble anionic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 150,000 and water. The water soluble anionic polymers temporarily inhibit the swelling capacity of the water-swellable clays to decrease the viscosity of the clay slurry for transport, such as by pumping to a further treatment station such as a drier station. Also disclosed are the clay-water-anionic polymer compositions. The water soluble anionic polymers having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 2,000 to 150,000 temporarily will inhibit the swelling of a water-swellable clay so that the clay solids content of the slurry can be approximately doubled for treatment.

Abstract: Polymeric dyes having pendent chromophore groups which are selected from azo, tricyanovinyl, anthraquinone, methine, and indoaniline groups fall into two classes, [A] condensation polymers, and [B] polymers derived from copolymerized ethylenically-unsaturated monomers, the dyes being capable of undergoing thermoplastic deformation by a focused laser beam when in a layer of thickness in the range of 0.1 to 100 micrometers and having an absorptivity in the range of 10 to 250 Lg.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1. They are film-forming, thermally- and light-stable, and solvent-coatable. These compounds are useful as coloring and light-absorbing agents, particularly as the light-absorbing agents in thin optical recording layers.

Abstract: Novel, composited silica catalyst supports suitable for commercial utilization, which may typically have an average pore diameter in the range of about 100 to about 5000 Angstroms, an advantageously high surface area in the range of about 30 to about 125 square meters per gram and a bulk density in the range of about 0.3 to about 0.6 gram per cubic centimeter, are made by mixing amorphous silica powder having an average particle size in the range of about 10 to about 50 millimicrons with a medium suitable for binding the silica powder. The mixture of silica powder and binder is formed into suitable, macrosized catalyst support shapes by press molding, extrusion, tableting and like forming means. The shaped mixture of silica powder and binder is calcined to form the novel silica catalyst supports.

Abstract: A vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer binder emulsion prepared by the copolymerization of vinyl acetate and ethylene in the presence of a polyvinyl alcohol which is 50 to 99 mole % hydrolyzed and has a 100 to 375 degree of polymerization such that it demonstrates a viscosity of about 2.4 to 4 as a 4% aqueous solution at 20.degree. C. Nonwoven fabrics bond with such copolymers possess surprisingly improved softness while maintaining toughness.

Abstract: An agent for forming a surface-protecting layer on a coated paper, which comprises an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt, ammonium salt or amine salt of a graft copolymer and an epoxy group-containing cross-linking agent incorporated in the aqueous solution, said graft copolymer comprising (A) 10 to 60% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer selected from the group consisting of partially saponified polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohols containing copolymerized units of a vinyl monomer having carboxyl group, and polyvinyl alcohol having the recurring vinyl alcohol units esterified with a higher fatty acid, (B) 20 to 70% by weight of acrylamide or methacrylamide, (C) 5 to 30% by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, lower alkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and hydroxyl lower alkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and (D) 5 to 20% by weight of at least one vinyl monomer containing a carboxyl group.

Abstract: An aqueous adhesive possessing sufficient adhesion, tack, open time, thermal stability, biological stability, dimensional stability, flexibility and adhesion contains in an aqueous base a polyvinyl alcohol and lignin sulfonate, wherein there are about 1 to 8 parts of the lignin sulfonate per each part of the polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: There is described a fire-guard composition, particularly a composition provided as a compound, a coating or a lining, which comprises kaolin and an organic binder, said binder being air hardenable and insoluble in water after polymerizing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the formation of olefin-vinyl alcohol copolymer pellets which comprises mixing particles of the copolymer with water to obtain a wet cake containing about 20-70% solids by weight to thereby obtain a plasticized mass of the copolymer, thereafter extruding the copolymer at a temperature of about 5.degree.-7.degree. C. below the melting point of the mass through a nozzle to form a rod, and dividing the rod into individual pellets.