Abstract: A shaped article of gypsum possessing heretofore unattainable high strength, a method for the production of the shaped article, and a method for the production of inclusion water indispensable to the hardening by hydration of the production of the shaped article of gypsum are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a copolymer emulsion latex having a solids content from about 20% to about 70%, preferably 40% to 60%, wherein a vinyl ester of an alkanoic acid having 1 to 13 carbon atoms forms at least about 40% by weight of the monomer charge characterized in that the polymerization is performed in the presence of an effective amount of stabilizing system comprising:A) at least one surfactant as defined hereinafter capable of providing sharp nucleation in the polymerization process andB) at least one surfactant including C.sub.14 to C.sub.20 alkenylene moiety.

Abstract: Electrophoretic media based on polymers with novel structures are disclosed. In one preferred embodiment, the polymers are formed by cross-linking polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide with ethyleneglycol methacrylate. In another preferred embodiment, the polymers are formed by cross-linking polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and hydroxyethylmethacrylate with N,N-dimethylbisacrylamide.

Abstract: Aqueous secondary dispersions containing phosphate groups are obtainable by copolymerization of(A) 25-98% by weight of acrylates and/or methacrylates,(B) 1-10% by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid,(C) 1-8% by weight of a compound of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen and/or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -hydrocarbon radical and Z is a straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkylene, and(D) 0-60% by weight of a copolymerizable olefinically unsaturated compound, in an organic solvent, neutralization of the copolymer solution and dilution with water and, if required, removal of solvent by distillation.

Abstract: A process for producing an acrylic and/or methacrylic polymer based preparation for the surface treatment of zinc consists in polymerizing at least one (meth)acrylic acid and at least one (meth)acrylate in a mixture of organic cosolvents. The preparation is then formed from the resultant copolymer in the cosolvents by dilution in a quantity of water and preferably an excess of water with respect to the cosolvents in the polymerization stage.

Abstract: (A) 1 to 50% by weight of at least one end carboxyl bearing reactive vinyl monomer of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl group; R.sub.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 6 to 7 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 carbon atoms; A is a repeating unit of ##STR2## R.sub.3 is ethylene or propylene; R.sub.4 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 1 to 10; n is an integer of 2 to 50; X is an inorganic or organic base, and when .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated compound(s) (B) hereinunder referred to includes a basic relative monomer, it may be hydrogen atom, and(B) 99 to 50% by weight of at least one other .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated compounds, in an aqueous medium through an emulsion polymerization and removing the said medium therefrom.

Abstract: Electron-beam cure by itself or in combination with multifunctional additives is used to improve the high-temperature shear properties of emulsion polymerized pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: A process for producing an aqueous copolymer dispersion is disclosed, which comprises emulsion polymerizing 100 parts by weight of a vinyl monomer mixture comprising (A) from 60 to 99.8% by weight of an acrylic ester of an aliphatic saturated alcohol having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, (B) from 0.2 to 10% by weight of a monomer selected from the group consisting of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid, an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, a 2-hydroxyalkyl acrylate, a 2-hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, methylolacrylamide, and methylolmethacrylamide, and (C) up to 30% by weight of a vinyl monomer other than the monomers (A) and (B) in the presence of from 0.01 to 10 parts by weight of a compound having an allyl hydrogen atom, with a total amount of the monomers (A), (B) and (C) being 100% by weight.

Abstract: An aqueous pressure-sensitive adhesive consisting essentially of (1) 100 parts by weight (in terms of solids content) of an aqueous copolymer emulsion obtained by emulsion-polymerizing a monomer mixture consisting of 70-99.9% by weight of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate in which the alkyl group has 4-12 carbon atoms, 0.1-10% by weight of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid and 0-29.9% by weight of a monomer copolymerizable therewith, (2) 0.1-10 parts by weight of a phosphoric acid ester compound, and (3) a polyglycidyl compound in such an amount that the proportion of the epoxy group in the polyglycidly compound is 0.1-3 equivalents per equivalent of the carboxyl group in the aqueous copolymer. This aqueous pressure-sensitive adhesive has excellent balance in adhesion to adherend, peelability from adherend and anchoring to substrate; and the peelability from adherend is not varied depending upon the type of adherend and does not change with time or by heating.

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous polyacrylate dispersions having improved rheological and stability characteristics prepared by the emulsion polymerization of acrylic esters, methacrylic esters and mixtures thereof in the absence of a protective colloid, wherein the improvement comprises conducting the polymerization in the presence of, by weight of the total monomer content, from about 0.1 to 2% of at least one substantially completely water-soluble monomer having conjugated unsaturation. The resultant aqueous polyacrylate dispersions are useful in the manufacture of latex paints, binders for nonwoven materials, water-based inks, paper coatings and water-borne adhesives, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silica filled composition which contains vinyl chloride polymer and a nitrile rubber. The silica is characterized by being coated with a polymer which is prepared by the free radical emulsion polymerization of acrylate monomer. The compositions of the present invention have a good balance of physical properties and outstanding resistance to crack growth and hence are suitable for the manufacture of mechanical goods.

Abstract: A method of carrying out a continuous aqueous emulsion copolymerization using a single continuously stirred tank reactor to reduce the particle size distribution and the presence of over-sized particles comprises, slowly supplying to a reactor the materials used in the copolymerization, including the monomers which are copolymerized, while maintaining conditions causing copolymerization to proceed until the reactor is filled. The supply is continued while maintaining those conditions until the total supply is in the range of from about 1.5 to about 5 reactor volumes. The excess material in the reactor is removed therefrom and collected in one or more separate vessels, and the product of the copolymerization is then combined and mixed to form a uniform product. The composition copolymerized can be changed during the copolymerization. The emulsion copolymer product is particularly useful in latex paints where it improves the gloss and scrub resistance of the paint.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of copolymers of(a) from 70 to 85% by weight of nontertiary butyl (meth)acrylates,(b) from 8 to 27.2% by weight of (meth)acrylates (A) whose homopolymers have a glass transition temperature greater than that of the polybutyl (meth)acrylate up to 0.degree. C. and (meth)acrylates (B) whose homopolymers have a glass transition temperature below that of the polybutyl (meth)acrylate, the weight ratio of the (meth)acrylates (A) to the (meth)acrylates (B) being from 3:1 to 1:3,(c) from 2 to 15% by weight of methyl methacrylate, styrene and/or acrylonitrile and(d) 0.8 to 5% by weight of monoolefinically unsaturated mono- and/or dicarboxylic acids of 3 to 5 carbon atoms and/or their amides which are unsubstituted or substituted at the nitrogen atoms by alkyl and/or alkylol radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and/or hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates where the alkyl groups are of 2 to 5 carbon atoms,are used for coating sheet-like substrates.

Abstract: Aqueous-based, film-forming and ambient-temperature autoxidisably crosslinkable coating composition comprising an aqueous latex of a film-forming copolymer having residual unsaturation for autoxidative cross-linking puuposes, an autoxidation catalyst, preferably a drier salt, and optionally a multi-functional crosslinking material, wherein the copolymer has a gel fraction of at least 5% by weight which has been formed by the early addition of a multi-functional comonomer in the copolymerization, with a low reactivity multi-functional comonomer being added late in the copolymerization to provide the residual unsaturation.

Abstract: Woven pile fabrics, particularly upholstery fabrics and corduroy, characterized by a superior balance of strength and softness are back-coated utilizing an aqueous emulsion prepared by the emulsion polymerization of a vinyl ester of an alkanoic acid interpolymerized with 10 to 30% by weight ethylene; 15 to 40% by weight of a C4-C10 dialkyl maleate; to 5% by weight of copolymerizable N-methylol containing monomer; 0 to 4% by weight of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid and 0 to 1% by weight of a polyethylenically unsaturated comonomer.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers, i.e. polyacrylamides, which are subject to freeze-thaw degradation are stabilized against repeated freeze-thaw cycles by incorporating specific substituted succinic anhydrides.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of partially cross-linked copolymer particles useful in aqueous coating compositions is produced by copolymerizing in aqueous emulsion a mixture of: (A) from 1% to 30% of polyethylenically unsaturated monomer; (B) from 3% to 30% of hydroxy-functional monoethylenically unsaturated monomer; (C) from 0.5% top 10% of a salt-forming monoethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from monoethylenic carboxylic acid monomer and monoethylenic amine monomer; and (D) the balance of the copolymer consisting essentially of copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably nonreactive monomer such as vinyl acetate.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers or copolymers of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid which contain at least 50 base mole percent of these acids and as end groups hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups and moieties of a water-soluble mercaptan or moieties with a sulfoxide group formed therefrom are produced in a readily reproducible manner and free of mercaptan odor in aqueous solution by polymerization with an initiator system consisting of hydrogen peroxide, a water-soluble mercaptan and an iron salt and used as calcium-binding additives or as dispersants in aqueous systems.

Abstract: A polymer hydrogel substantially free from monomers and oligomers is prepared by contacting a previously prepared polymer hydrogel with a single-phase mixture of water and a solvent and then separating the mixture of water and solvent from the hydrogel.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers, i.e. polyacrylamides, which are subject to freeze-thaw degradation are stabilized against repeated freeze-thaw cycles by incorporating specific substituted succinic anhydrides.

Abstract: The thickener comprises:(a) 25-45% of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid or a mixture thereof;(b) 25-65% of alkyl acrylate such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate or a mixture thereof;(c) 1-40% of an ester of composition; ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.12 -C.sub.25 alkyl group, n=at least 10; m=at least 5 A=H, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl,--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)m-H or --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m --CH.sub.3(d) 0-1% of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer effective for chain branching or crosslinking such as diallyl maleate, diallyl phthalate, divinyl benzene, allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, or trimethylol propane triacrylate,(e) optionally, but preferably, up to 10% of an ethylenically unsaturated hydrophylic monomer.

Abstract: The invention provides new weakly acidic crosslinked vinyl polymer particles having utility as components of coating compositions, liquid electrographic developers, and layers of electrographic elements and records.The polymeric particles of the invention are characterized in that each particle has a weakly acidic surface and an average diameter less than one micrometer and comprises a crosslinked vinyl addition copolymer obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers in the presence of a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Cross-linked dispersion copolymers are disclosed which are produced by the aqueous emulsion copolymerization of from 15% to 80% of vinyl acetate, and from 5% to 70% of polyethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent, like hexane diol diacrylate, from 1% to 40% of other copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomer being desirably present, preferably from 5% to 25% of a reactive monomer which is desirably hydroxyl-functional. The dispersion copolymers are suspended in active organic solvents which extensively swell the copolymer particles. These suspensions are useful in thermosetting solution coating compositions where they provide improved thermal sag resistance.

Abstract: Terpolymers of 30 to 75% by weight of maleic acid (anhydride), 5 to 60% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and 5 to 40% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile are suitable as retanning agents for mineral-tanned leather.

Abstract: Floor covering adhesives substantially comprisingA. a dispersion of a copolymer of20-60% by weight of vinylidene chloride34-80% by weight of a mixture of 40-80 parts by weight of esters of acrylic acid with C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkanols and 20-60 parts by weight of vinyl esters and0.5 to 6% by weight of .alpha.,62 -monoolefinically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -mono- and/or dicarboxylic acids and/or amides thereof and/or vinyl sulfonate,B. 30-150 parts by weight (solid), based on 100 parts of a copolymer of A, of tackifying resins from the group of the rosins and derivatives thereof,C. 0-50 parts by weight, based on 100 parts of resin B, of plasticizers and/or liquid resins and also, if desired,D. fillers,are shampoo-resistant and have a high peel strength.

Abstract: Copolymers which contain, as copolymerized monomer units, monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids are prepared by a process in which(a) from 10 to 60% by weight of a monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, its salt and/or, if appropriate, its anhydride,(b) from 90 to 40% by weight of a monothylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 10 carbon atoms and/or its salt and(c) from 0 to 20% by weight of another, carboxyl-free monoethylenically unsaturated monomer which is copolymerizable with (a) and (b),the percentages being based on the sum of the monomers, are polymerized in the presence of from 0.5 to 5% by weight of a water-soluble free-radical-forming initiator in an aqueous medium at from 60.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions useful in adhesive and coating applications, and a method of preparing the same. The dispersion contains (a) an ethylene interpolymer having an acid number of at least 117, a melt flow of at least 50, and comprising from 15 to 24 percent by weight of the interpolymer of interpolymerized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic or methacrylic acid, (b) from about 5 to about 2,000 parts by weight per 100 parts of the interpolymer of a rosin tackifier having an acid number of at least about 76 and being compatible and codispersible with the interpolymer, (c) water in an amount sufficient to provide a solids content of the dispersion of from about 10 to about 60 percent, and (d) water soluble alkali in an amount effective to neutralize from 20 to 130 percent of the acid groups in the interpolymer and the tackifier, to disperse at least 99 percent by weight of the interpolymer and the tackifier, and to provide a viscosity of the dispersion which is less than about 1,500 Pa-s.

Abstract: An emulsion polymerized latex composition suitable for use as a pressure sensitive adhesive having from about 90 to about 99.5 percent by total weight polymer of sec-butyl acrylate and from about 10 to about 0.5 percent by total weight polymer prepared from monomers selected from the group consisting of alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids wherein the alkyl chain has up to about 20 carbon atoms, monovinylidene aromatics, and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids. Additionally the latex composition can include from about 1 to about 90 percent by weight on a total solids basis of a tackifying resin. Adhesives prepared with the subject latex compositions provide an excellent balance of adhesive properties, i.e., peel and shear adhesion.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion copolymer of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which provide a copolymer having a glass transition temperature below 20.degree. C., is modified to include from about 0.3% to about 10% of a monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable polyether containing a chain of from about 6 to about 150 C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 oxyalkylene groups, the terminal hydroxy group provided by said chain of oxyalkylene groups being capped with a monofunctional hydrophobic group. These polyethers improve the brush drag of paints made with the emulsion copolymers, and in some instances the leveling is simultaneously improved.

Abstract: Surface-active tertiary alkylamines comprising ethoxylated adducts of the reaction product of long-chain olefin oxides with ammonia or amines are useful in the emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: A composition for artificial marble which comprises a polymer composition in which an inorganic substance and an organic polymer are firmly bound in one body and a vinyl compound, said polymer composition being obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable vinyl monomer, in the presence of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid monomer, sulfonic acid monomer, and sulfonate monomer, in an aqueous polymerization system containing an inorganic substance dispersed therein; and a processs for producing artificial marble from said composition by cast polymerization with the addition of a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: An oxidation resistant thickening composition of matter comprising a liquid emulsion copolymer comprising about 0.10 to 50 parts by weight of at least one antioxidant monomer and at least 20 parts by weight of at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is prepared and used.

Abstract: Beads comprising a polymeric matrix containing a releasable lipophilic compound are made by precipitating the compound from solution within the matrix. Beads may be made by forming a homogeneous blend of the compound in lipophilic polymerizable material and subjecting the blend to bead polymerization while the blend is dispersed as beads in an aqueous medium containing hydrophilic polymerization stabilizer. The lipophilic compound may be a behenyl ester wax inhibitor or other reagent useful downhole or for other purposes and preferably has a relatively high melting point. The polymerizable material preferably dissolves the lipophilic compound and may include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or other hydrophilic polymerizable material.

Abstract: A method for laminating a substrate to an ionomer carboxylate-containing film by applying to the substrate as a coating an adhesive composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of a film-forming vinylidene chloride copolymer wherein the vinylidene chloride copolymer includes on a comonomer weight basis:(a) from about 45 to about 90 percent vinylidene chloride,(b) from about 5 to about 25 percent of a polar comonomer having one or more hydroxyl groups, and(c) a cross-linking agent dissolved in the continuous aqueous phase of the vinylidene chloride copolymer and forcefully engaging said ionomer film with said coating at a temperature sufficient to cause said ionomer film to adhere to said coated first substrate and form a laminated structure.

Abstract: This invention relates to water insoluble copolymer aqueous dispersions stabilized by multiple carboxylic acid functional comonomer residues against shear-induced coagulation. These copolymer dispersions are useful as pressure sensitive adhesives, and as binders for textiles, paper, non-woven materials, and coatings.

Abstract: Aqueous vinyl ester copolymer emulsions possessing good dry pick and wet pick strengths in paper coating compositions comprise a vinyl ester copolymer colloidally dispersed in an aqueous medium, the copolymer consisting essentially of (a) a vinyl ester of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkanoic acid, (b) about 0.1 to 10 wt % of an ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid or half ester thereof, (c) about 0.05 to 10 wt % of a dicyclopentadienyl acrylate, and (d) 0-50 wt % of an alkyl acrylate.

Abstract: A high-solid self-adhesive having a solid content of 65 to 75% by weight and composed of an emulsion obtained by emulsion-copolymerizing a vinyl monomer mixture containing acrylate esters as the main ingredient and further at least one hydrophilic monomer of formula (A), (B) or (C). ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or COOH, R.sub.2 is H or CH.sub.3 and R.sub.3 is H or CH.sub.2 OH.A process for the production of the high-solid self-adhesive comprising successively adding a pre-emulsion obtained by previously mixing said vinyl monomer mixture, a surfactant mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant and water, to the reaction system to carry out an emulsion copolymerization in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of a copolymer comprising:(A) from 20 to 90 percent by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 are hydrogen, alkyl, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n COOM and M is a proton or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or an ammonium cation, and(B) from 10 to 80 percent of at least one other comonomer different from and copolymerizable with A; methods of making a ready-to-use foundry molding sand by mixing such a dispersion with sand; and such ready-to-use foundry molding sands.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R)--COO--(CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--O).sub.x --(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.y --OC--A--COOHor a salt thereof, whereinR is H or CH.sub.3,x is an integer from 2 to 20.y is an integer from 0 to 5,A is an alkylene, alkenylene, or phenylene radical such that A(COOH).sub.2 is a dibasic acid capable of forming an anhydride (A(CO).sub.2 O, are described. These are polymerizable compounds which have also surfactant properties. The compounds may be used to replace non-polymerizible surfactants in emulsion polymerization reactions, and preferably in those reactions which result in adhesive polymers which are suitable for surgical and medical use. Methods for preparing the compounds and pressure sensitive adhesives formed by copolymerization of the compounds with other acrylate monomers are also described.

Abstract: Copolymers prepared by emulsion or solution copolymerization, initiated by free radicals, of unsaturated copolymerizable monomers, the copolymers being built up from(a) 1-45% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids,(b) 0.5-30% by weight of a surface-active crotonic acid ester,(c) 30-85% by weight of methacrylic acid esters or acrylic acid esters of aliphatic (C.sub.1 -C.sub.18)-alcohols,(d) 0-40% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated comonomers,(e) 0-3% by weight of polyethylenically unsaturated compounds and(f) 0-5% by weight of molecular weight regulators,and, if appropriate, the free acid groups of the copolymers subsequently having been partly or completely neutralized by addition of bases and converted into water-soluble or colloidally water-dispersible copolymer salts.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive adhesives are formed of a diester of fumaric acid, preferably dibutyl fumarate; an alkyl acrylate, preferably 2-ethylhexylacrylate; an alkyl methacrylate, preferably methylmethacrylate; and, desirably, a crosslinkable carboxylic acid. The adhesives are preferably formed in two-stage, free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions suitable for forming on a substrate a temporary protective coating, which can subsequently be removed by treatment with an aqueous alkaline solution, comprise a sterically stabilized dispersion in an aqueous medium of particles of size range 0.1-10 .mu.m of a polymer derived from monomers including at least one acrylic monomer and from 5% to 40%, based on the total weight of monomers, of an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, or an equivalent proportion of an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A thickening agent that is particularly suitable for alkaline print pastes is a water insoluble, water swellable or water swollen polymer made by reverse phase polymerization of a blend of water soluble, copolymerizable monomers in which the monomers comprise at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid having free acid groups, at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid having salt groups selected from ammonium, amine and alkali metal and at least one ethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent, the molar proportions of the said free acid groups to the said salt groups during the polymerization being from 80:20 to 10:90.

Abstract: A polymer composition wherein an inorganic substance and an organic polymer are firmly consolidated, which is characterized by being produced by polymerizing a vinyl monomer susceptible to radical polymerization in a polymerization system containing a dispersed inorganic substance in the presence of at least one monomer selected from sulfonic acid monomers, sulfonate monomers, or carboxylic acid monomers represented by the general formula [I] ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, phenyl group, derivative of phenyl group, or halogen atom, X is CONH, ##STR2## COO(CH.sub.2).sub.m or (CH.sub.2).sub.n (wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each a hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, R.sub.4 is an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, m is an integer of 1 to 20, and n is an integer of 0 to 20), and Y is a hydrogen atom, ammonium radical, or an alkali metal atom, or by the general formula [II] ##STR3## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: An aqueous latex is disclosed which possesses improved water resistance for use in exterior paints. This latex comprises an aqueous emulsion copolymer of monomers consisting essentially of from 15% to 40% of vinylidene chloride together with a mixture of at least about 20% of vinyl acetate and monoethylenic ester, preferably acrylic or methacrylic esters, which provide the copolymer with a glass transition temperature in the range of -10.degree. C. to +10.degree. C., these monomers including from about 0.1% to 10.0% of a monomer promoting adhesion. The copolymerization is carried out in aqueous emulsion at a pH of 3-6 and the vinylidene chloride is preferably introduced at or near the bottom of a reactor maintained at atmospheric pressure. It is also preferred to introduce the vinylidene chloride after polymerization has been initiated with the other monomers.

Abstract: A hydrogel implant article of significant softness, pliability and elasticity when dry as well as when wet consists of a random cross-linked copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and an alkyl acrylate. The acrylate hydrogel article is useful, in one instance, as the material to produce a scleral buckle in retinal detachment surgery.

Abstract: A water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is described containing a polymerization product obtained by the solution polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an alcoholic plasticizer having a molecular weight of less than about 3,000 and which is a liquid at room temperature, selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols and polyhydric alcohols, wherein the polymerization product contains as a polymer component at least an addition copolymer of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and the alcoholic plasticizer.

Abstract: A polymer composition wherein an inorganic substance and an organic polymer are firmly consolidated, which is characterized by being produced by polymerizing a vinyl monomer susceptible to radical polymerization in a polymerization system containing a dispersed inorganic substance in the presence of at least one monomer selected from sulfonic acid monomers, sulfonate monomers, or carboxylic acid monomers represented by the general formula [I] ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, phenyl group, derivative of phenyl group, or halogen atom, X is CONH, ##STR2## COO(CH.sub.2).sub.m or (CH.sub.2).sub.n (wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each a hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, R.sub.4 is an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, m is an integer of 1 to 20, and n is an integer of 0 to 20), and Y is a hydrogen atom, ammonium radical, or an alkali metal atom, or by the general formula [II] ##STR3## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: In an uncured filled coating composition comprising (a) a polyfuntional acrylic-type carboxylic acid ester monomer or its prepolymer, (b) a polymerization initiator capable of curing said monomer or prepolymer (a), and (c) an inorganic solid filler; the improvement wherein said composition consists essentially of(A) 100 parts by weight of said polyfunctional acrylic-acid carboxylic acid ester monomer or its prepolymer (a), said polyfunctional monomer or prepolymer (a) being composed of 0 to 75% by weight of a trifunctional or higher acrylic-type carboxylic acid ester monomer or its prepolymer having a molecular weight of about 200 to about 700 and 25 to 100% by weight of a difunctional acrylic-type carboxylic acid ester monomer or its prepolymer having a molecular weight of about 160 to about 400,(B) 0.

Abstract: An aqueous paper-coating composition which essentially comprises a finely divided pigment and an emulsion copolymer of(a) from 30 to 80% by weight of C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -alkyl acrylates or mixtures of C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -alkyl acrylates and di-(C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -alkyl) maleates,(b) from 8 to 30% by weight of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid,(c) from 0 to 50% by weight of vinyl propionate, vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and/or vinyl .alpha.-branched C.sub.10 -monocarboxylate,(d) from 0 to 5% by weight of acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinylsulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and/or acrylonitrile and(e) from 0 to 3% by weight of crosslinking monomers in the form of an aqueous dispersion, as the sole binder and thickener.