Abstract: A bone cement is prepared by synthesizing a polymeric composition comprising poly(methyl methacrylate) cross-linked by copolymerization with tris(.omega.-methacryloyl) polyisobutylene. A powder is formed from the composition, and the final cement is prepared by mixing the powder with additional methyl methacrylate in the presence of a catalyst to form a dough-like material that is polymerized in situ to yield a cement useful for orthopedic purposes. Preferred embodiments employ tris(.omega.-methacryloyl) compounds within a particular molecular weight range, and which are present in the powder in particular amounts relative to the poly(methyl methacrylate) component therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition of polybutene-1 comprised of a polymer resulting from preliminarily polymerization of a small amount of an .alpha.-olefin, which has an intrinsic viscosity [.eta.]p of 7 dl/gram or lower, as measured at 135.degree. C. in a decalin solution; and a homopolymer of butene-1 or a copolymer of butene-1 and 20% by weight of an .alpha.-olefin other than butene-1, the composition of polybutene-1 having an intrinisic viscosity [.eta.]t of 0.5-7.0 dl/gram, when measured at 135.degree. C. in a decalin solution, and satisfying the following relationship with respect to the intrinsic viscosity [.eta.]p:[.eta.]p.ltoreq.2.5.times.[.eta.]r. The composition provides resulting films with highly improved appearance and with a lesser number of gel and fish eyes.

Abstract: Elastomeric polymers comprising polymerized alpha-olefins or conjugated alkadienes are produced by cationic polymerization in the presence of titanium tetrachloride and an electron pair donor selected from pyridine or a non-hindered alkylpyridine. The polymers have very narrow, mono-modal molecular weight distributions such a achived by anionic polymerization. Polymerization of each monomer is terminated prior to broadening of the molecular weight distribution which significantly detracts from polymer properties.

Abstract: Novel styrene derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.3 is --OH, Cl, or a group of the formula --OR.sub.4 or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon groups. The functionalized styrene monomers I as well as polymers and copolymers incorporating such monomer units are useful as initiators, or precursors thereof, for the polymerization of isobutylene under cationic conditions to give graft copolymers containing both styrenic and isobutylenic units. These copolymers have commercial applications such as rubbers, coatings, and luricants.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons and polymers thereof, of the structure (I)R--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --Cl (I)where R is a hydrocarbon radical, are prepared by reacting corresponding starting materials which contain chlorine bonded to tertiary carbon, of the structureR--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --Cl (II)with from 1 to 10 moles of butadiene in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst in a solvent which is inert to the catalyst, and the hydrocarbons or polymers thereof can be reacted in a further step of the process with a compound from the group comprising ammonia, primary or secondary amine or polyamine, amino alcohol, amino ether, hydrazine or hydrazine which is substituted up to three times.

Abstract: Novel styrene derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.3 is --OH, Cl, or a group of the formula --OR.sub.4 or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a n aromatic hydrocarbon group. The functionalized styrene monomers I as well as polymers and copolymers incorporating such monomer units are useful as initiators, or precursors thereof, for the polymerization of isobutylene under cationic conditions to give graft copolymers containing both styrenic and isobutylenic units. These copolymers have commercial applications such as rubbers, coatings, and lubricants.

Abstract: A grafted and/or functionalized macromolecule comprises entanglement-inhibited architecture wherein the polymer exhibits reduced melt viscosity. In one embodiment, the macromolecule comprises a polymer of an isoolefin having about 4 to about 7 carbon atom and a para-alkylstyrene, wherein a grafted macromonomer such as a terminally functionalized polystyryl chain of very narrow molecular weight distribution is attached to the para-alkyl group of the para-alkylstyrene such that entanglement of adjacent chains in the melt are inhibited. In addition to distributed macromonomer grafts, other functionality may be attached to the para-alkyl group of the para-alkylstyrene to introduce other desirable properties such as radiation curability. In another embodiment the macromolecule comprises a polymer of one or more simple olefinic monomers wherein a macromolecule is attached to pendent functionality and/or copolymerized into the polymer backbone.

Abstract: The addition of a polyolefin-acrylic graft copolymer to blends of polyolefin and core-shell polymers improves compatibility and allows core-shell polymers to be used as processing and performance modifiers polyolefins. Generally the compatibilizing additive is a graft copolymer of a polyolefin and a methacrylate. More specifically, the graft copolymer is derived from at least about 80% of a monomer of a methacrylic ester of the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)COOR, where R may be alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, and less than 20%, based on a total monomer weight, of an acrylic or styrenic monomer copolymerizable with the methacrylic ester grafted on to a non polar polyolefin trunk, so that at least one chain is a polymer with a weight average molecular weight greater than about 20,000 and is present in a weight ratio with the polyolefin trunk of from about 1:9 to about 4:1.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process of the post-emulsion method capable of forming crosslinked resin particles which do not have fusion bonds between particles and which have good storage stability and good redispersibility in an aqueous medium. The process comprises (a) dispersing in an aqueous medium a resinous component comprising (I) a base resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 0.degree. C. or less and a polymerizable double bond, (II) a monomer which, when polymerized, provides a resin of which Tg is 20.degree. C. higher than that of said base resin, or a resin of which Tg is 20.degree. C. higher than that of the base resin, and (III) a polyvinyl compound; (b) crosslinking inside the dispersed resin particles and; (c) removing the aqueous medium therefrom.

Abstract: A substantially gel free C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isoolefin homopolymer rubber, butyl copolymer rubber, halogenated butyl rubber (e.g., chlorinated or brominated), or mixtures thereof, comprising a molecular weight distribution such that the ratio of the moments of said molecular weight distribution, Mz/Mw, is equal to or exceeds 2.0, and that portion of said molecular weight distribution which is equal to and greater than 4 times the peak molecular weight, Mp, comprises greater than 8 percent of the total polymer species, and Mp is greater than about 250,000 and wherein said polymer species of molecular weight less than Mp are substantially branch free. Various means are disclosed for effecting the molecular weight distribution including blending of homopolymers and/or copolymers of appropriate molecular weight and molecular weight distribution and direct polymerization using a functional reagent to introduce branching.

Abstract: A catalyst component for producing highly crystalline olefin polymers without causing any operational problems and stably and affording therefrom a film having very few occurrence of voids and a superior transparency, and a process for producing the catalyst component, which catalyst component comprises a linear olefin-non-olefin block copolymer having at least one linear olefin block copolymer and at leaast one non-linear olefin polymer block and (a) a titanium trichloride composition or (b) titanium, magnesium, a halogen and an electron donor as components for a carrier, the content of the linear olefin polymer block being 0.1 to 49.5% by weight, the content of the non-linear olefin polymer block being 0.01 to 49.5% by weight, the ratio by weight of the linear olefin polymer block to the non-linear olefin polymer block being 2/98 to 98/2 and in the case of (a), the content of the titanium trichloride composition being 99.89 to 1.0% by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making graft copolymers of olefin polymers by contacting a particulate olefin polymer with a free radical polymeriztion initiator, e.g., a peroxide, and a vinyl monomer at about from 60.degree. to 125.degree. C., while controlling the monomer addition rate so that it does not exceed about 4.5 pph/min, and most preferably does not exceed about 3.0 pph/min, at any monomer feed level. To prevent polymer degradation, a non-oxidizing environment is maintained throughout the process, and residual free radicals are deactivated, and unreacted initiator is decomposed, before the graft copolymer is exposed to air.

Abstract: A reinforcing agent for vulcanizable rubber compounds comprises an anhydrous metal salt of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having a crystalline structure consisting essentially of plates and fibers. Vulcanizable rubber compounds containing such reinforcing agents have improved physical properties over rubber compounds containing conventional metal carboxylic acid salts. Methods for the preparation of such anhydrous metal salts and methods for the reinforcement of vulcanizable rubber compounds therewith are also provided.

Abstract: An improved method for carboxylating styrenic resins and particularly impact-modified styrenic resins such as ABS resins, by melt-processing a mixture comprising the styrenic resin, an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic compound, and, optionally, a free-radical generator.

Abstract: A reinforcing agent for vulcanizable rubber compounds comprises an anhydrous metal salt of an .alpha.-.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having a crystalline structure consisting essentially of plates and fibers. Vulcanizable rubber compounds containing such reinforcing agents have improved physical properties over rubber compounds containing conventional metal carboxylic acid salts. Methods for the preparation of such anhydrous metal salts and methods for the reinforcement of vulcanizable rubber compounds therewith are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a graft copolymer obtainable by reacting a rubbery base polymer, which has been provided with hydroperoxide groups via photo-oxidation, with one or more radical-polymerizable graft monomers, the graft copolymer being based upon 90-20 parts of a rubbery base polymer containing at least 4 (four) hydroperoxide groups per rubber chain and 80-10 parts of one or more of the graft monomers.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of stable interpenetrating polymer blend networks is provided, comprising the preparation of a gel of a poly(alkylene) polymer by dissolving it in a mixture of one or more organic solvents and one or more vinyl aromatic monomers, optionally mixed with a compatible monomer, cooling this solution to a temperature of at most 80.degree. C., adding of a radical forming initiator for the polymerization of the vinyl aromatic monomer(s), homogenizig the solution, cooling the solution to a temperature to obtain gelation of the polyalkylene polymer in the solvent mixture, followed by heating the obtained gel to a temperature of at least 80.degree. C. and subsequently polymerization of the vinyl aromatic monomer(s) in bulk or suspending the heated solution in a vigorously stirred aqueous medium of a lower temperature to obtain gelation and polymerizing the suspended gel into polymer blend beads, stable interpenetrating polymer blend networks and intermediate gel used therewith.

Abstract: An improved method for carboxylating styrenic resins and particularly impact-modified styrenic resins such as ABS resins, by melt-processing a mixture comprising the styrenic resin, an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic compound, and, optionally, a free-radical generator.

Abstract: A substantially gel free C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isoolefin homopolymer rubber, butyl copolymer rubber, halogenated butyl rubber (e.g., chlorinated or brominated), or mixtures thereof, comprising a molecular weight distribution such that the ratio of the moments of said molecular weight distribution, Mz/Mw, is equal to or exceeds 2.0, and that portion of said molecular weight distribution which is equal to and greater than 4 times the peak molecular weight, Mp, comprises greater than 8 percent of the total polymer species, and Mp is greater than about 250,000 and wherein said polymer species of molecular weight less than Mp are substantially branch free. Various means are disclosed for effecting the molecular weight distribution including blending of homopolymers and/or copolymers of appropriate molecular weight and molecular weight distribution and direct polymerization using a functional reagent to introduce branching.

Abstract: A process to graft epoxy containing functional monomers to a base polymer is provided, the process comprising the steps of: providing a melt of a base polymer; containing the melt of the base polymer with a functional monomer in the presence of a free radical initiator at a temperature of less than 240.degree. C., the functional monomer comprising alpha-beta ethylenic unsaturation and an epoxy group; and recovering an epoxy functionalized polymer. Grafting the epoxy containing monomer to the base polymer at temperatures of 240.degree. C. and less results in a low level of hydrolyzed epoxy groups.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel catalyst composed of a complex of an organic ether and a Lewis acid, preferably boron trichloride that can add olefin monomers to increase the molecular weight of the complex from as low as 200 to in excess of 100,000 preferably 500 or 1000 to 10,000 and higher, with the complex being active viz., living, until the complex dies, viz., is decomposed or destroyed so that polymers in the liquid or easily liquefiable range of 300 to about 10,000 and preferably 500 or 1000 to 10,000 and higher can be made or those more difficult to be liquefied or unliquefiable, viz., those of over 10,000 up to 100,000 and having useful end groups such as the halogens and specifically chloride.

Abstract: A copolymer of an .alpha.-olefin with an aromatic diolefin such as divinylbenzene produced by means of Ziegler-Natta polymerization and having a vinylphenyl moiety is subjected to polymerization with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer by means of anion polymerization or free radical polymerization, whereby a graft-modified .alpha.-olefin copolymer is obtained.

Abstract: A method is provided for the direct synthesis of novel polymeric materials functionalized with desirable nitrogen-containing functional groups such as terminal azido, cyano, carbonylamino or thiocarbonylamino groups. Polymerization and functionalization occur in a substantially simultaneous manner. All necessary reactants for the functionalization are present when polymerization is initiated. The nitrogen-containing functional group is provided as a part of a molecule having a release moiety which is preferably resonance stabilized or a tertiary alkyl type and which acts to aid the nitrogen-containing species in functioning as a leaving group.

Abstract: Compositions comprising polyphenylene ether copolymers are prepared by blending, preferably in the melt, a functionalized polyphenylene ether with a graft polymer, which is in turn prepared by the free radical reaction of a base polymer such as polyethylene or polypropylene with an olefinic compound containing a tertiary alkyl ester group, which may be a simple carboxylic acid or a carbamic acid ester group. The t-butyl groups are removed by thermal degradation under the reaction conditions to yield a carboxylic acid- or amino-functionalized graft polymer which reacts with the polyphenylene ether.

Abstract: A block copolymer of polyalkylene and halogenated polystyrene comprises the formula:S'--A--(A--S').sub.min which m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, A is a saturated polyalkylene, and S' is a nuclear brominated polystyrene having from about 0.5 to about 5 bromines per styrene unit. The polystyrene blocks are substantially free of halogen other than bromine and chlorine, and the polyalkylene is substantially free of halogen. The compositions retain the elastomeric properties of the non-halogenated form of the compounds while having significantly reduced flammability.

Abstract: Block copolymers compose a polyisobutylene rubbery soft segment of M.sub.n of about 5,000 to above 500,000 and glassy hard segments of M.sub.n of about 5,000 or higher and usually about 10,000 to 35,000 or more, are made by preparing a living polymer block of the polyisobutylene and then polymerizing on said living polyisobutylene block the glassy hard segments by adding thereto an electron donor having a donor number of 15 to 50 and then adding and polymerizing the monomers for the glassy hard segments. The monomers for the glassy hard segments are styrene and its derivatives and indene and its derivatives and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An injection-molding polyolefin composition suitable for obtaining an injection-molded article having excellent sliding property and excellent impact resistance and being free from delamination, said polyolefin composition being characterized in that(1) the composition consists substantially of an ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyolefin having an intrinsic viscosity of 10-40 dl/g as measured in decalin of 135.degree. C. and a low-molecular-weight to high-molecular-weight polyolefin having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.1-5 dl/g as measured in decalin of 135.degree. C.,(2) the ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyolefin is contained in the composition in an amount of 10-40% by weight based on the total weight of the ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyolefin and the low-molecular-weight to high-molecular-weight polyolefin,(3) the composition has an intrinsic viscosity [.eta.]c of 3.5-15 dl/g as measured in decalin of 135.degree. C.,(4) the composition has a melt torque T of 4.5 kg.

Abstract: A polymerization process for preparing triblock copolymers and multiblock copolymers. The process includes the polymerization of isobutylene below about -40.degree. C. in a reaction mixture which includes a titanium halide, a mixed solvent, and an initiator compound selected from the group consisting of cumyl ester and cumyl ether compounds. In at least some instances, the components are added in a particular order, sometimes together with a moisture scavenger. After formation of the polyisobutylene, a diene is added to the mixture containing the polyisobutylene and polymerized to form the desired copolymer. The diene portion of the copolymer may subsequently be cyclized to produce a copolymer exhibiting both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties. If desired the block copolymers can be subsequently modified to include functional side groups, or to provide photocuring capabilities.

Abstract: A fine particulate crosslinked amorphous copolymer comprising an amorphous copolymer having a constituent unit originating at least from ethylene and .alpha.-olefin, and having an average particle diameter of 0.2 to 50 .mu.m and a hot toluene insolubles content of 15% by weight or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the controlled polymerization of alpha-olefins selected from the group consisting of propylene and butylene in order to form a polymer containing by weight about 10% to 30% isotactic polyolefin, 25% to 70% atactic polyolefin and 0% to 65% by weight of an amorphous ethylene/olefin copolymer which process comprises combinations of the steps of:(a) homopolymerizing the alpha-olefin at a temperature of from about 0.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. (preferably from about 20.degree. C. to about 60.degree. C.) in the presence of a high yield catalyst comprising a titanium compound supported on activated MgCl.sub.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions which may be readily crosslinked at temperatures above about 200.degree. C. comprise an elastomeric polymer possessing olefinic unsaturation and an effective amount of a benzocyclobutene derivative of the general formula ##STR1## where "X" is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## where "R" is an alkylene group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Cured compositions are also claimed.

Abstract: Petroleum Resins particularly effective for use as tackifiers for hot melt adhesives and in tackifiers for solvent-based pressure sensitive adhesives are prepared by a processWherein (1) a C.sub.8 - and/or C.sub.9 aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon-containing feed (optionally containing up to 18 wt. % or C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons) is first polymerized completely and thereafter a C.sub.5 -aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon-containing feed is added, polymerization continued and the reactor effluent stripped to obtain the resin. The order of polymerization may be reversed.

Abstract: A retro Diels Alder assisted polymer grafting process in which a Diels Alder adduct is mixed with a polyolefin or polyvinyl polymer substrate and thermally decomposed to form an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which grafts onto the polymer substrate. The monomer conforms generally to the formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.CHR.sub.3 in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or vinyl and R.sub.3 is a hydroxyl, carboxyl, cyano, formyl, acetyl or propanoyl. The Diels Alder adduct substantially decomposes at a temperature of about 120.degree.-300.degree. C., but does not substantially decompose below about 120.degree. C. The polymer substrate is preferably high-density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rubber, polypropylene, polystyrene or styrene-butadiene block copolymers. The grafting is induced by, for example, heat, catalyst and/or high shear conditions.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol of molecular weight over 500,000 (i.e. 1,500,000 to 2,500,000) is spun as a dilute solution (2-15%) in a relatively non-volatile solvent such as glycerin. The resultant gel fiber is extracted with a volatile solvent such as methanol and dried. Upon stretching at one or more stages during the process, fibers of tenacity above 10 g/denier and modulus above 200 g/denier (e.g. 18 and 450, respectively) are produced.

Abstract: A process for the gas phase production of a sticky, but fluidizable, polymer comprising (i) introducing at least one gaseous monomer, which is a precursor for the polymer, into a bed of particles located in a fluidized bed reactor at a velocity sufficient to cause the particles to separate and act as a fluid; (ii) introducing into the bed a catalyst adapted to cause the monomer to polymerize; (iii) contacting the catalyst with the monomer at a temperature below the sticking temperature of the polymer and at a temperature and pressure sufficient to polymerize the monomer in the presence of the catalyst whereby the polymer is produced; and (iv) passing the polymer from the fluidized bed reactor into at least one fluid bed reactor wherein a fluidizing gas is passed through a bed of particles at a velocity sufficient to cause the particles to separate and act as a fluid; the polymer is passed through the fluid bed reactor in an essentially plug flow mode; and the polymer is maintained in an agitated state.

Abstract: A hot-melt adhesive composition comprising a styrene-type hydrocarbon-modified polyolefin (c) composed of 100 parts by weight of a crystalline polyolefin (a) having a degree of crystallinity of at least 10% and 0.15 to 50 parts by weight of a styrene-type hydrocarbon (b) bound thereto by great-copolymerization, said modified polyolefin (c) having an intrinsic viscosity [.eta.] of 0.5 to 5 dl/g, a degree of crystallinity of at least 10% and a weight average molecular weight Mw/number average molecular weight Mn ratio of from 1 to 15; and use of the aforesaid composition as an intermediate adhesive layer in laminating two polymers.

Abstract: A process for producing a resin composition which comprises suspension-polymerizing at least one vinyl monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a dispersing agent, said suspension polymerization being carried out using a nonionic dispersant as said dispersing agent in the presence of a high-molecular-weight vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 500,000 obtained by emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated monomers are grafted on homo- and olefinic co-polymers by means of a radicalic reaction, operating at between 60.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., in a solution of the polymer in a solving medium consisting of, or predominantly comprising a mixture of a component (A), chosen between aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters and ethers containing at least one aromatic or cycloaliphatic group, with a component (B) consisting of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic ketone, and by separating at the end of the reaction the grafted polymer, by means of the cooling down of the solution to a temperature below 40.degree. C.

Abstract: A positive image-forming material consisting of a methylpentene homopolymer or a methylpentene copolymer containing 50 mole percent or more of methylpentene units which has an intrinsic viscosity of not less than 0.2 dl/g as measured in decalin at 135.degree. C. and being soluble in not more than 100 times by weight of cyclohexene at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: Graft polymers are prepared by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer with a polymer of an olefin of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in a process wherein the olefin polymer is substantially insoluble in the monomer but is capable of absorbing the monomer. In a preferred aspect, a vinyl halide polyolefin graft polymer is produced by reacting a solid polyolefin particle with a vinyl halide monomer in which the polyolefin is substantially insoluble, but is capable of absorbing the monomer. The solid particles can be contacted with the monomer in one step or in stages. When the stage-wise reaction is continued until the proportion of polyolefin in the polymer product is about 2 to abut 20 weight percent, the resulting product can be formed to a transparent or translucent article.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol of molecular weight over 500,000 (i.e. 1,500,000 to 2,500,000) is spun as a dilute solution (2-15%) in a relatively non-volatile solvent such as glycerin. The resultant gel fiber is extracted with a volatile solvent such as methanol and dried. Upon stretching at one or more stages during the process, fibers of tenacity above 10 g/denier and modulus above 200 g/denier (e.g. 18 and 450, respectively) are produced.

Abstract: A propylene-ethylene block copolymer from which molded products having high rigidity and superior high-impact properties can be prepared even without adding any particular additive, is provided, which copolymer is obtained by (i) polymerizing propylene in 70 to 95 weight % based on the total polymerized amount, using a catalyst obtained by reacting an organoaluminum compound (I) or a reaction product of (I) with an electron donor (A), with TiCl.sub.4, further reacting the resulting solid product (II) with (A) and an electron acceptor (B), and combining the resulting solid product (III) with an organoaluminum compound (IV) and an aromatic carboxylic acid ester (V), the molar ratio of (V) to (III) being 0.1 to 10.0, and then (ii) polymerizing ethylene or ethylene and propylene in 30 to 5 weight % based on the total polymerized amount, at one or more stages, using the same catalyst as above, the ethylene content being 3 to 20 weight % based on the total polymerized amount.

Abstract: Improved impact modifier composition comprising elastomeric impact modifier polymer and dunkelsperser in a weight ratio of about 99.5/0.5 to 96/4 which is subject to substantially reduced gel formation in rigid thermoplastic matrix polymer formulations. Also disclosed are such formulations, as well as processes for preparing the improved impact modifier compositions.

Abstract: Graft polymers are prepared by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer with a polymer of an olefin of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in a process wherein the olefin polymer is substantially insoluble in the monomer but is capable of absorbing the monomer. In a preferred aspect, a vinyl halide polyolefin graft polymer is produced by reacting a solid polyolefin particle with a vinyl halide monomer in which the polyolefin is substantially insoluble, but is capable of absorbing the monomer. The solid particles can be contacted with the monomer in one step or in stages. When the stage-wise reaction is contined until the proportion of polyolefin in the polymer product is about 2 to about 20 weight percent, the resulting product can be formed to a transparent or translucent article.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the synthesis of telechelic, i.e., terminally functional, macromolecular monomers (macromers) and their subsequent homo- and copolymerization. The macromers produced are asymmetric, having dissimilar head and tail groups which provide independent reaction sites. Macromers include .alpha.-phenyl-.omega.-t-chloropolyisobutylene, which can be reacted to form poly(methyl methacrylate-g-isobutylene). The graft copolymers provide novel physical properties which are the product of the respective grafts.

Abstract: A block copolymer comprising 60 to 95 parts by weight of a binary or tertiary random copolymer block A comprising propylene, ethylene and/or butene-1 and 5 to 40 parts by weight of a binary or tertiary random copolymer block B comprising butene-1, propylene and, optionally, ethylene. This block copolymer can be shaped into a film having excellent heat sealability, transparency and blocking resistance.

Abstract: The method and production of macromolecular monomers from cationically polymerizable monomers and vinyl-substituted hydrocarbon halides is disclosed. These cationically polymerizable monomers may react in the presence of a catalyst with the hydrocarbon halide to produce a macromer retaining a polymerizable headgroup. This compound may be used in a variety of copolymerization processes with a variety of copolymerizable monomers to form graft copolymers.

Abstract: The method and production of macromolecular monomers from cationically polymerizable monomers and vinyl-substituted hydrocarbon halides is disclosed. These cationically polymerizable monomers may react in the presence of a catalyst with the hydrocarbon halide to produce a macromer retaining a polymerizable headgroup. This compound may be used in a variety of copolymerization processes with a variety of copolymerizable monomers to form graft copolymers.

Abstract: Novel telechelic halogenated polymers of cationically polymerizable olefin monomers are formed carrying from 2 to about 6 terminal halogens. The telechelic halogenated polymers are formed by reacting the monomer with an initiator transfer agent, carrying at least two tertiary halogens, and under cationic polymerization conditions. Additionally, novel thermoplastic elastomer block copolymers are formed from these telechelic halogenated polymers by reacting the latter with vinyl aromatic monomers in the presence of a coinitiator.

Abstract: Three-block copolymers of the ABA and ABC type are disclosed in which A and C are plastomeric monomers and B is an elastomeric polymer are disclosed, which are prepared by first polymerizing the block A in such a way to keep alive the active centers in the chain ends for a time sufficient to permit the addition of the second monomer B, whereafter, with the aid of a special catalytic system, the growth of the third block C, can be carried out. A and C are mutually interchangeable. The catalyst for polymerizing the block A is a Lewis' acid aided by isobutene and the catalyst for introducing and copolymerizing C (or A) is a chloride of aluminium alkyl.