Abstract: An anhydrous, liquid phase process for preparing polymers of enhanced purity and low polydispersity comprising the steps of polymerization, purification, transesterification, purification, catalyst removal, and solvent exchange. The resultant polymer in solution can be used directly, without further processing steps, to prepare a photoresist composition.

Abstract: A method of modifying a polymeric material whereby the polymeric material is modified to give a highly durable surface without decreasing its strength. Namely, a polymeric material is modified by the method comprising a combination of an impregnation step, an activation step, a step of grafting a monomer and a step of a treatment with a hydrophilic polymer. Thus, the hydrophilic nature, adhesiveness, and so forth of polymeric materials such as polyolefins can be improved without causing any decrease in the practical strength. The thus obtained polymeric materials are usable in articles with a need for high water absorptivity and high adhesiveness, for example, water-absorbing materials and water-retaining materials for medical, sanitary, cosmetic articles or supplies, agricultural materials, synthetic papers, filters and fiber products for clothes, for improving adhesiveness of composite materials and the like.

Abstract: These compounds contain an oxetane functionality and a maleimide functionality. The oxetane functionality is homopolymerizable in reactions that undergo cationic or anionic ring opening, and the maleimide functionality is homopolymerizable, or polymerizable with compounds such as electron donor compounds. The dual functionality allows for dual cure processing.

Abstract: These compounds contain an oxetane functionality and a styrenic functionality. The oxetane functionality is homopolymerizable in reactions that undergo cationic or anionic ring opening, and the styrenic is polymerizable with compounds such as electron acceptor compounds. The dual functionality allows for dual cure processing.

Abstract: Compositions for use as adhesives, coatings or encapsulants contain an oxetane functionality and an electron acceptor or an electron donor functionality, and can be represented by the formula 1

Abstract: Pneumatic rubber tire having at least one component or a rubber composition comprised of a major portion of relatively low Tg high cis 1,4-polybutadiene elastomer (BR) and a minor portion of a relatively high Tg, styrene-rich, styrene/isoprene elastomer (SIR) wherein the Tg of said BR is at least 60° C. lower than the Tg of said SIR. Said SIR has a styrene content of at least 30 weight percent. The styrene based units of said SIR are present substantially without large blocks of styrene units. Said BR is a high cis 1,4-polybutadiene having a cis 1,4-content of at least 96 percent and preferably has a branched macrostructure. In one aspect of the invention, said tire component is a tire tread, particularly a circumferential tire tread.

Abstract: A process for the vulcanization of a rubber composition, and articles of manufacture where the vulcanized rubber comprises the vulcanization reaction product of the vulcanisation process of the invention, are disclosed. The vulcanisation process is carried out on a vulcanizable composition containing a silica dispersion agent of the formulae I-IV. The composition of the present invention allows for the partial or complete replacement of conventional silane coupling agents in silica filled rubber compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber mixtures based on silica and carbon black-filled solution styrene/butadiene rubbers in which the silica has been partially replaced by rubber gels. The vulcanizates produced from the rubber mixtures of the present invention are distinguished by improved cushioning behavior at 0° C. and 60° C., and this is accompanied by better resistance to slipping when wet and improved rolling resistance. In addition, the vulcanizates have good resistance to wear. The processing behavior of the unvulcanized rubber mixtures (compound viscosity and Mooney relaxation) is not impaired by the partial substitution of silica.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenated styrene polymer that has excellent transparency, can be used suitably for an optical application such as an optical disk substrate, has stability and transparency in a hot and humid environment, and has excellent heat resistance; and a process for producing same; etc. The hydrogenated styrene polymer of the present invention has a hydrogenated polymerized styrene unit content of at least 70 wt %, a content of fine particulate foreign matter having a particle size of 0.2 &mgr;m or more and less than 0.5 &mgr;m of at most 1×106 per g of the hydrogenated styrene polymer, and a phosphorus atom content of at most 0.01 parts by weight in 100 parts by weight of the hydrogenated styrene polymer. Furthermore, the process for producing a hydrogenated styrene polymer of the present invention includes steps of filtering, with a filter having a pore size of 0.

Abstract: The invention provides chain-coupled polymeric sulfide compounds for use as the elastomeric component in vulcanizable elastomeric compositions comprising silica, carbon black or mixtures thereof. In particular, the invention provides anionically polymerized polymers having polymer chain living ends that are functionalized with sulfide groups and coupled together by a metal or nonmetal atom. The chain-coupled polymeric sulfide compounds have an initial high viscosity for ease of handling prior to compounding, a stable viscosity during storage, and a decreased compound viscosity for better filler dispersion and improved mixing efficiency. The invention further provides a pneumatic tire having at least one component produced from the vulcanizable elastomeric composition of the invention. A tire tread produced from vulcanized elastomers exhibiting these improved properties will exhibit reduced hysteresis resulting in an increase in rebound and improved rolling resistance and wet traction.

Abstract: A rubber composition having improved processability and which provides a vulcanized rubber exhibiting excellent wear resistance and good tensile strength to service temperatures of up to about 150° C. The composition comprises (1) a crosslinked polymer particle having as repeat units (a) up to about 25% of a conjugated diene unit, (b) at least 70% of an aromatic vinyl unit, (c) about 15% to about 30% of a crosslinking monomer, and (d) about 0.

Abstract: A low application temperature, high heat resistant hot melt adhesive comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate and/or ethylene 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate polymer having a melt index of at least 550 grams/10 minutes, a paraffin wax and a rosin derived tackifier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a reaction product (RP) which is functionalized by groups containing halogen or sulfonyl chloride by reaction of at least one free-radically polymerizable monomer, at least one compound of the formula (I), at least one free-radical initiator and at least one free-radically polymerizable monomer containing halogen or sulfonyl chloride groups under free-radical conditions, and to a reaction product (RP) which can be prepared by the process of the present invention and to the use of the reaction product (RP) as macroinitiator for the preparation of graft copolymers. Furthermore the invention relates to a process for preparing graft copolymers by reaction of the reaction product (RP) with at least one suitable monomer and to graft copolymers which can be prepared by the process of the present invention and also to the use of the graft copolymers of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides functionalized electrophiles, their analogous initiators, and processes for preparing these compounds. The present invention also relates to homotelechelic, heterotelechelic, and radial functional polydiene polymers, polyarylene polymers and polydiene/polyarylene copolymers, their optionally hydrogenated analogues, their optionally deprotected analogues, and processes for preparing these functionalized polymers.

Abstract: Polymers derived from 4-acyloxystyrene are purified by fractionalization plus heating and cooling of the polymers in alcoholic solvents.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel solid support based on selenium and a method for the preparation thereof. The solid support is useful in solid phase synthesis of organic compounds including combinatorial libraries of compounds.

Abstract: A photoresist composition comprising at least one acetal polymer having a silicon substituent; provided that the silicon substituent is not directly attached to the acetal functionality, thereby providing high resolution, improved DOF, and improved dimensional stability under metrology conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for stabilising and at the same time phase compatibilising plastics or plastic compositions by incorporating polymeric compounds obtainable by reacting a compound selected from the group consisting of the sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered amines, lactones, sulfides, phosphites, benzotriazoles, benzophenones and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines, which compounds contain at least one reactive group, with a compatibilisator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparation of final graft polyols via a continuous process. In, addition, a final graft polyol formed by the process is disclosed. The process includes the steps of reacting a plurality of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and a reaction moderator with a macromer having induced unsaturation in the presence of a carrier polyol, a free radical polymerization initiator, and a first graft polyol. The process provides for the preparation of a final graft polyol having a solids level of from 30 to 70% in a continuous process. The final graft polyol produced by the process has a lower viscosity over a range of solids levels, a reduced amount of very large irregularly shaped particles, a reduced viscosity change in response to a change in reaction temperature compared to a typical graft polyol, a reduced tendency to foul the continuous reactor, and a broader particle size distribution compared to an identical graft polyol prepared by a semi-batch process.

Abstract: A core-shell particle for use as filler in rubber compositions. In one embodiment, the particle comprises a crosslinked core having repeat aromatic vinyl units. During an emulsion polymerization, a crosslinked shell comprising of conjugated diene units is grafted onto the core through residual vinyl units. The polymeric shell provides for better interaction and dispersion of the styrene core in an otherwise immiscible polymer matrix, particularly diene-based polymers. In another embodiment, the core has repeat units of (i) about 0% to about 25% by weight of a conjugated diene unit, (ii) about 70% to about 85% by weight of an aromatic vinyl unit, and (iii) about 15% to about 30% by weight of a crosslinking monomer unit.

Abstract: A process for preparing a surfactant, useful for dispersing tackifier resins in aqueous media, comprises reacting an &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride, or an ester thereof, with a terpene- or hydrocarbon-based resin to form an adduct, then reacting the adduct with a polyalkylene polyol to yield the surfactant. In a related embodiment, the surfactant is subsequently functionalized. Also disclosed are surfactants prepared using a disclosed process; compositions comprising a disclosed surfactant and a tackifier resin; aqueous dispersions comprising a disclosed surfactant; tackifier resin and water; adhesive compositions comprising a disclosed aqueous dispersion and a polymer latex; and pressure sensitive adhesive overlays prepared using a disclosed adhesive composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising four components (A, B. C, D), notably: a thermoplastic (A); a substantially non-cross-linked polyethylene (B); an at least partially vulcanized rubber (C); a softener (D); as well as standard blend ingredients (E). The above mixture contains between 5 and 20% by weight thermoplastic (A), in relation to the sum of the four components (A, B, C, D). The invention also relates to advantageous material parameters and process steps.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing hydrogenated conjugated diene block copolymers having the steps of (a) charging a solvent, a microstructure control agent, and an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer into a first reactor forming an admixture of solvent, a microstructure control agent, and an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer wherein the concentration of the microstructure control agent is from about 5 to about 10 weight percent; (b) titrating the admixture of solvent, microstructure control agent, and alkenyl aromatic monomer using an anionic polymerization initiator to form a living polymer; (c) allowing sufficient time for the living polymer to react with and incorporate the alkenyl aromatic monomer; (d) charging a conjugated diene monomer into the first reactor; (e) allowing sufficient time for the living polymer to react with and incorporate the conjugated diene monomer to form a living block copolymer; and (f) hydrogenating the living block copolymer to form a hydrogenated conjugated diene block c

Abstract: Ion-exchange materials comprising a polymeric backbone and a plurality of pendent styrenic or fluoridated styrenic macromonomers covalently bonded thereto, wherein the plurality of pendent styrenic or fluorinated styrenic macromonomers comprise a uniform number of styrenic or fluoridated styrenic monomer repeat units, and wherein predominantly all of the styrenic or fluoridated styrenic monomer repeat units have at least one charged group. Processes for making such material, as well as products related thereto, are also disclosed. In a representative embodiment, the ion-exchange material is utilized as a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) for use in a PEM fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to resins based on functionalized polystyrene, to the method for the production thereof, to the use thereof for producing columns for purifying anti-factor VIII antibodies, and also to a method for purifying anti-factor VIII antibodies ex vivo.

Abstract: A novel one-pot cost efficient process for the preparation of homo-, co- and terpolymers of p-hydroxystyrene or substituted p-hydroxystyrene and alkyl acrylates. The process involves polymerization of esters of p-hydroxystyrene (or its substituted analogs), alkyl acrylate monomers and/or one or more of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an alcohol solvent in the presence of a free radical initiator. The reaction mixture containing the so formed polymer is subjected to transesterification conditions using a catalytic amount of catalyst to result in co- and/or terpolymers of p-hydroxystyrene without cleavage of the alkyl ester in the acrylate repeat unit, and then removing the catalyst from the system. Preferred embodiments include homopolymers of p-hydroxystyrene, copolymer of p-hydroxystyrene and tert-butyl acrylate and terpolymer of p-hydroxystyrene, tert-butyl acrylate and styrene. These polymers have a wide variety of applications including as photoresists in microelectronics industry.

Abstract: A rubber composition which is free of precursor of at least one carcinogenic nitrosamine, is capable of vulcanization at a temperature of between 95° C. and 140° C.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention are to provide a process for easily producing an alkenyl-terminated vinyl polymer without using a metal compound requiring a complicated purification step, and to provide a curable composition containing the vinyl polymer. An alkenyl group is incorporated into an end of a vinyl polymer having a thiocarbonylthio structure at the end to produce an alkenyl-terminated vinyl polymer. Mixing this vinyl polymer with a compound having a hydrogen-silicon bond and a hydrosilylation catalyst gives the curable composition.

Abstract: A sulfonated organic porous material in which at least 0.5 mg-equivalent/g (on a dry basis) of sulfonic acid groups has been introduced can be obtained by causing a gaseous substance containing sulfuric anhydride to come in contact with an organic porous material having mesopores existing on the walls of interconnected macropores and having a median radius of 0.01-100 &mgr;m and a total pore volume of 1-50 ml/g. This preparation method can ensure the introduction of a large amount of sulfonic acid groups into an organic porous material in a short period of time.

Abstract: The use of a copolymer (A) preparable by free-radical polymerization of a) at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer and b) at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer different than the olefinically unsaturated monomer (a) and of the general formula I R1R2C═CR3R4  (I), in which the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently of one another are hydrogen atoms or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, arylalkyl or arylcycloalkyl radicals, with the proviso that at least two of the variables R1, R2, R3 and R4 are substituted or unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl or arylcycloalkyl radicals, especially substituted or unsubstituted aryl radicals; in an aqueous medium, in a coating material used to produce surfacer coats and antistonechip primer coats.

Abstract: The present invention provides functionalized electrophiles, their analogous initiators, and processes for preparing these compounds. The present invention also relates to homotelechelic, heterotelechelic, and radial functional polydiene polymers, polyarylene polymers and polydiene/polyarylene copolymers, their optionally hydrogenated analogues, their optionally deprotected analogues, and processes for preparing these functionalized polymers.

Abstract: A process for making poly(hydroxystyrene)s whose phenolic hydroxyl groups are partially protected by acid-decomposable or -eliminable groups, by which the degree of deblocking of the phenolic hydroxyl groups is controlled. Namely, the production of a polymer containing, in the molecule, repeating units of the general formula (IA) and those of the general formula (IB), comprising adding an acid to polymer (B) containing in the molecule repeating units of general formula (II) in an organic solvent with the molar ratio of the acid to the OR3 group being 0.0001 equivalent or above but below 0.05 equivalent, and reacting the polymer with the acid. In the general formulae, R1 is hydrogen or methyl; R2 is C1-6 alkyl; R3 is an acid-decomposable or -eliminable group; R4 is hydrogen or a group derived from R3 by decomposition with acid; and p is 0, 1, or 2, with the proviso that the IB/IA molar ratio ranges 98/2 to 30/70.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenated styrene polymer that has excellent transparency, can be used suitably for an optical application such as an optical disk substrate, has stability and transparency in a hot and humid environment, and has excellent heat resistance; and a process for producing same; etc. The hydrogenated styrene polymer of the present invention has a hydrogenated polymerized styrene unit content of at least 70 wt %, a content of fine particulate foreign matter having a particle size of 0.2 &mgr;m or more and less than 0.5 &mgr;m of at most 1×106 per g of the hydrogenated styrene polymer, and a phosphorus atom content of at most 0.01 parts by weight in 100 parts by weight of the hydrogenated styrene polymer. Furthermore, the process for producing a hydrogenated styrene polymer of the present invention includes steps of filtering, with a filter having a pore size of 0.

Abstract: The methods of the invention are directed to preparation of dihydroxyalkylaminoalkyl-conjugated solid supports, such as a diethanolamine- or a dipropanolamine-conjugated resin or polystyrene under non-pressurized conditions. The invention also provides novel methods for immobilizing boronic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrogenated copolymer obtained by hydrogenating an unhydrogenated copolymer comprising conjugated diene monomer units and vinyl aromatic monomer units, the unhydrogenated copolymer having at least one polymer block (H) of vinyl aromatic monomer units, wherein the hydrogenated copolymer has the following characteristics (1) to (5): (1) a content of the vinyl aromatic monomer units of from more than 60% by weight to less than 90% by weight, based on the weight of the hydrogenated copolymer; (2) a content of the polymer block (H) of from 1 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the unhydrogenated copolymer; (3) a weight average molecular weight of from more than 100,000 to 1,000,000; (4) a hydrogenation ratio of 85% or more, as measured with respect to the double bonds in the conjugated diene monomer units; and (5) substantially no crystallization peak observed at −50 to 100° C. in a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) chart obtained with respect to the hydrogenated copolymer.

Abstract: A method for functionalizing a crosslinked polymer bead. The method comprises the steps of: (a) swelling the bead in a first solvent or solvent mixture to a volume from 200% to 310% of its volume when dry; and (b) contacting the bead with a functionalizing reagent in a second solvent or solvent mixture capable of swelling the bead to a volume from 200% to 310% of its volume when dry.

Abstract: A rubber compound, cross-linkable with sulfur, is described, containing:

Abstract: A crosslinked polymeric bead comprising a polymer having from 0.5 mole percent to 2 mole percent crosslinker. The bead has a diameter no greater than 200 &mgr;m, no void spaces having a diameter greater than 5 &mgr;m, and less than 5 weight percent of organic extractables.

Abstract: A novel alicyclic hydrocarbon copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1,000-1,000,000 a comprising repeating units (a) having an alicyclic structure and repeating units (b) having a chainlike structure; the sum of repeating units (a) and repeating units (b) being at least 90 wt. % based on the copolymer, and the content of repeating units (b) being at least 1 wt. % but smaller than 10 wt. %, based on the copolymer; and the chain of repeating units (a) satisfying the formula: A≦0.3×B where A=weight average molecular weight of the chain of repeating units (a), and B=Mw of the copolymer×(number of repeating units (a)/number of the total repeating units constituting the copolymer). The copolymer exhibits low birefringence and high mechanical strength. A process for producing the copolymer is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making selectively hydrogenated block copolymers of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons and conjugated dienes comprising: a) anionically polymerizing vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons and conjugated dienes to produce block copolymers with living chain ends; b) terminating the living chain ends; to produce a terminated block copolymer, with a member from the group consisting of an alcohol, hydrogen, and mixtures thereof, to prepare a terminated block copolymer; and c) contacting the terminated block copolymers with hydrogen at a temperature of from 20 to 175° C. in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a cobalt carboxylate with an aluminum alkyl, wherein: (i) if the polymer is terminated with an alcohol and the alcohol is a linear alcohol, the linear alcohol is used to terminate the living chain ends in an amount such that the alcohol: living chain end molar ratio is from 0.05 to 1.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition comprising (1) a copolymer resin comprising (a) a monomer unit and (b) a monomer unit respectively represented by the following general formulae (I) and (II): wherein R1 represents hydrogen, a halogen, or a C1-C5 hydrocarbon group; R2 represents a halogen or a C1-C5 hydrocarbon group; x is 0 to 3; and each of m and n is a natural number, and (2) a cyanate resin having at least two cyanate groups per molecule. To provide a printed wiring board material and a printed wiring board for electronic appliance, having a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric dissipation factor as well as improved heat resistance.

Abstract: Lithium-terminated polymers of one or more conjugated dienes and of one or more mono alkenyl arenes are coupled by reaction with an alkoxy silane coupling agent having the formula Rx—Si—(OR′)y, where x is 0 or 1, x+y=4, R and R′ are the same or different, R is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals, linear alkyl hydrocarbon radicals and branched alkyl hydrocarbon radicals, and R′ is selected from linear and branched alkyl hydrocarbon radicals, such that the resulting polymer composition contains less than about ten weight percent of uncoupled polymer diblock. The polymer compositions are subsequently selectively hydrogenated, and are useful in a variety of compounds and end use applications.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing of a chromatography material comprising the steps of (i) reacting a polymerizable at least bifunctional monomer A with a ligand also having a functional group which binds covalently with one of the functional groups of said polymerizable bifunctional monomer A, (ii) to form a compound B comprising at least one polymerizable functional moiety (iii) polymerizing the compound B essentially alone or with the polymerizable monomers in presence of porogenes to obtain a block of porous polymerizate which is self-supporting or (iv) reacting the ligand and a spacer via a covalent bond which is cleavable to form a ligand-spacer conjugate and binding the ligand-spacer conjugate to the surface of a chromatographic support or reacting the ligand-spacer conjugate via a covalent bond to the at least bi-functional monomer A and polymerizing it essentially alone or with the polymerizable monomers in presence of porogenes to obtain a block of porous polymerizate which is self-supporting.

Abstract: A process for reacting relatively small hydrophilic carboxylic molecules with relatively large, hydrophobic hydrocarbon based molecules, said process comprising conducting the reacting in the presence of a sulfonic acid catalyst having solubilizing properties.

Abstract: A halogenated butyl polymer having improved properties, the butyl polymer derived from a monomer mixture comprising a C4 to C8 monoolefin monomer, a C4 to C14 multiolefin monomer and a styrenic monomer with a catalyst system to produce the butyl polymer. The improved properties include faster cure, higher maximum torque, higher delta torque, relatively stable modulus over time, improved hot air aging properties and improved aged flexure properties. These improved properties are believed to result from direct interaction between the styrenic moieties in the polymer backbone with a crosslinking agent added to vulcanize the halogenated butyl rubber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a treating method of a resin composition comprising: kneading a resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin, 0 to 0.7 part by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the thermoplastic resin, of a treating agent having a capacity of hydrogenating a halogen and a halide, at 280 to 450° C., in the presence of a metal compound which combines with a halogen atom to generate a metal halide compound having a boiling point or sublimation point not greater than 450° C. at atmospheric pressure, to thereby convert the halide into a metal halide; and separating and collecting, from the resin composition, each of a mixture of the thermoplastic resin and the treating agent having a capacity of hydrogenating a halogen, and the metal halide. This makes it possible to treat a waste without conducting gasification or liquefaction of a resin by combustion or thermal decomposition, thereby removing and collecting the halogen such as bromine and the metal oxide therefrom in a high yield in a short time.

Abstract: A method of preparing a curable coating and a method of curing the curable coating are disclosed. The curable composition from which the curable coating is prepared may be applied to the surface of a substrate in neat form or in aqueous medium to produce the coating. Curing of the curable coating may be accomplished by chemical generation of free radicals, by electrochemical generation of free radicals, by electron beam, by photochemical generation of free radicals, or by other electromagnetic irradiation.

Abstract: A block copolymer comprising a polymer block [A] and a polymer block [B]. The polymer block [A] contains mainly a repeating unit having an alicyclic structure, and the polymer block [B] contains the repeating unit having an alicyclic structure and a repeating unit derived from a diene based monomer and/or a vinyl based monomer. In any block, the carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds are hydrogenated. The block copolymer is molded into optical disks, optical waveguides, films, sheets, containers, and optical lenses.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a fluorophenyl resin compound, to methods of its preparation; and to its use in the solid phase synthesis of amides, peptides, hydroxamic acids, amines, urethanes, carbonates carbamates, sulfonamides and &agr;-substituted carbonyl compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved, chemically-amplifying positive resist composition for radiations, especially UV rays, deep-UV rays, excimer laser beams, X-rays, electron beams. The composition comprises (A) a resin component whose solubility in an alkaline aqueous solution is increased by the action of acids, (B) a chemical compound which generates an acid when exposed to radiations, and (C) an organic carboxylic acid compound and (D) an amine, in which said resin component (A) is a mixture comprising (a) a polyhydroxystyrene having a weight-average molecular weight of from 8,000 to 25,000 and a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of 1.