Abstract: The present invention provides graft copolymers that are highly absorbent to aqueous electrolyte solutions.

Abstract: The present invention provides graft copolymers that are highly absorbent to aqueous electrolyte solutions.

Abstract: An oil soluble nitrogen containing grafted degraded ethylene copolymers useful as multifunctional viscosity index improvers or modifiers, such as VI improver-dispersant additives. The nitrogen containing grafted degraded ethylene copolymers are grafted with an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid grafting material and the grafted degraded ethylene copolymers are then reacted with at least one polyamine containing one primary amine group and at least one or more secondary amine groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of polymers with an optical position in diagram where refraction index n.sub.D is plotted against optical dispension v.sub.D expedient for an optical use by metathetic counterion exchange, wherein, in a polymer of the general formula: ##STR1## R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which can be the same or different, are divalent organic radicals, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which can be the same or different, are monovalent organic radicals, n is a whole number greater than 2 and y is 0 or 1. R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, y and n are so chosen that together they form a polymeric basic structure which promotes glass formation and prevents crystallisation, and X.sup.- is a halogen atom. The halogen ion is replaced by an equivalent of a mono- or polyvalent organic or inorganic counterion different from the halogen ion and suitable for the adjustment of the desired solid body properties.

Abstract: Poly (vinyl sulfoxide)- and (vinyl sulfoxide)-capped elastomers made by capping a lithium terminated elastomer (such as a lithium terminated styrene-butadiene rubber) with more than 0.5 equivalent of vinyl sulfoxide monomer provide compounded elastomer vulcanizates of lowered hysteresis characteristics. Such low hysteresis vulcanizates are useful in making road-contacting tread components of pneumatic tires. Tires with such tread components exhibit low rolling resistance and reduced heat build-up during use.

Abstract: A process is provided to functionalize hydrogenated block copolymers of vinyl aromatics and conjugated diolefin in a melt phase. The functionality is predominantly grafted to vinyl aromatic blocks by this process. The process is preferably performed in an extruder.

Abstract: Electrically conductive polypyrrolecarbonyl polymer networks are provided comprising conjugated crosslinks between polypyrrolecarbonyl polymer segments of the network. The network can be formed by crosslinking carbonyl functional polypyrrolecarbonyl polymers, such as by self-crosslinking condensation reaction or crosslinking condensation reaction with conjugated diylide and/or conjugated polyamine. The carbonyl functional polypyrrolecarbonyl polymers can be prepared by polymerization, such as by electropolymerization of carbonyl functional pyrrole monomers (the carbonyl functionality generally being protected during polymerization) and, optionally, suitable conjugated copolymerization monomers such as thiophene, pyrrole and/or carbonyl functional thiophene.

Abstract: Anisotropically conductive solid polymeric complexes are provided of the formula: ##STR1## wherein P.sup.+ is a cationic polymer, such as a quaternary polyamine, and n and m are selected so that the complex is electrically neutral.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer composition is disclosed comprising an elastomeric polymer and a combination of a sulfonium compound and an ammonium or phosphonium compound. Shaped articles comprising the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiplex ethylene copolymer comprising (a) 50 to 94.8 mole % of units derived from ethylene, which are represented by the following formula (I):--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- (I)(b) 5 to 45 mole % of units derived from a monomer selected from alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, vinyl carboxylates and isopropenyl carboxylates, which are represented by the following formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X is ##STR2## (in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 stand for an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms),and (c) 0.2 to 5 mole % of units derived from a monomer having a radical-polymerizable ethylenic double bond and at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond which is different from a double bond of an aromatic nucleus. This ethylene copolymer can be easily cured, and the cured copolymer is a rubber having excellent oil resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: Aromatic hydroxydithiocarboxylic acid vulcanization accelerators for aqueous dispersions of unsaturated polymers are provided which eliminate the formation of health-threatening nitrosamines and do not adversely affect the vulcanization properties.

Abstract: Molded bodies in the form of packing bodies comprising a macroporous strongly acid or basic ion exchange resin having a voids fraction of 5-95 vol % of the macro shape without pores, a BET surface area of 0.1-1,000 sq m/g, and an ion exchange capacity of 0.05-10 meq/g.

Abstract: Succinimides, succinic esters, and succinic ester-amides are formed by (A) reacting (i) at least one substantially aliphatic polymer of at least one lower olefin, and (ii) an acidic reactant or a mixture of two or more acidic reactants represented by the general formulaR--CO--CH.dbd.

Abstract: A cross-linkable, fluorine-containing elastomer composition comprising a fluorine-containing elastomer containing at least one of iodine and bromine in the molecule, an organic peroxide having a peroxy group --O--O--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 R, where R is a lower alkyl group, in the molecule and an activation energy of not more than 34.0 Kcal/mole and another organic peroxide having the same peroxy group as defined above in the molecule and an activation energy of less than 34.0 Kcal/mole as cross-linking agents for the elastomer has less generation of CH.sub.3 I or CH.sub.3 Br at the decomposition of the organic peroxides without any substantial decrease in the compression set of the vulcanization products.

Abstract: A room-temperature curable resin composition comprising (a) an acrylic polymer having a plurality of alicyclic epoxide functions, and (b) an amount effective to initiate the curing reaction at room-temperature of the acrylic polymer (a) of a proton-donating cation polymerization initiator. The composition finds its uses in coating compositions, sealants, potting and casting compositions.

Abstract: A corrosion preventive resin having in the molecule at least one chelate forming group selected from among groups represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom or alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and groups represented by teh general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a group forming a bivalent o-phenylene group along with two carbon atoms attached thereto. A photopolymerizable composition which includes (a) a resin having in the molecule at least one mole of polymerizable double bond per 1000 g of the resin and having per molecule at least one chelate forming group selected from among the groups represented by formula (II) and formula (III), and (b) a photopolymerization initiator is also disclosed.

Abstract: Functional polyolefins containing a terminal functional group; the block copolymers that can be obtained from such polyolefins by reaction with polymers reactive with the functional groups and the precursors used for the preparation of the functionalized polyolefins, which are made of olefin polymers terminated at one end with ZnR groups where R is an alkyl or aryl radical with 1-10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A copolymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isoolefin and a para-alkylstyrene is provided as well as the corresponding halogenated, functionalized and grafted derivatives thereof. Processes for producing these copolymers are also provided.

Abstract: Ethylene/.alpha.-olefin polymers grafted with perfluoro-substituted, ethylenically-unsaturated epoxides and then reacted with perfluoro-substituted nucleophiles, provide enhanced wear resistance to lubricating oils.

Abstract: A method for removing odor from an aqueous solution of polymeric quaternary ammonium salt solution containing residual aliphatic tertiary amine and choline chloride or derivative thereof, said process comprising adding a sufficient amount of a non-volatile, stable, polybasic acid to react with said choline chloride or derivative thereof to prevent the formation of aliphatic tertiary amine from said choline chloride or derivative thereof. The present invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of recording film by treating as ethylene oxide neutralized conductive quaternary polymer solution with orthophosphoric acid and coating the treated solution directly onto a substrate.

Abstract: The rubber vulcanizates according to the invention, which are produced using certain carboxyalkyl oligosulfides, are distinguished by improved hysteresis behavior; their mechanical properties remain substantially unaffected.

Abstract: Intrinsically conductive or semiconductive stable polyacetylides and methods of forming same. The unique soluble metallic polyacetylides may be formed as a conductive adherent film for coating glass, ceramics and metals. The polyacetylides may also be synthesized with pendant organic anions and cations for conductive or semiconductive materials, including integrated circuit subunits, printed circuit board equivalents and thin film electrodes in an organic battery. The polyacetylides may also be synthesized with organic crosslinkers forming high tensile strength polymers comparable to steel. A simultaneous polymerization initiation for forming the conductive polymers is also disclosed by which catalyst/reductant initiation and non-chemical initiation are used to initiate polymerization.

Abstract: Polyglutarimides exhibit improved optical properties, as well as lowered content of non-aqueous volatiles, when the molten polyglutarimide is mixed with water, methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof, and the water, methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof is removed prior to isolation and processing of the polyglutarimide.

Abstract: A surface-segregatable, melt-extrudable thermoplastic composition suitable for processing by melt extrusion to form a fiber or film having a differential, increasing concentration of an additive from the center of the fiber or film to the surface thereof, which differential, increasing concentration imparts to the surface of the fiber or film at least one desired characteristic which otherwise would not be present, which composition includes at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one defined additive. During formation of the fiber or film, the additive rapidly segregates in a controllable manner toward the newly-formed surface of the fiber or film, thereby resulting in a controllable differential concentration of the polymeric material, which concentration increases with increasing distance from the center of the fiber or film to its surface. The weight ratio of the polymer to the additive is in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for hydroformylation of carbon black. The carbon black is hydroformylated by reacting carbon black with carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst and organic reaction solvent. Addition of the hydroformylated carbon black enhances the rates of cure of sulfur vulcanizable rubber.

Abstract: A partially crosslinked, unsaturated elastomeric polymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isomonoolefin and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.14 conjugated multiolefin is provided which has a low crosslink density. The partially crosslinked polymer is produced by curing an uncrosslinked unsaturated polymer having a low level of chemically bound halogen with a curing agent which reacts only with the halogen. Processes for preparing these partially crosslinked unsaturated polymers are also provided.

Abstract: Polymer bound stabilizer compounds are provided in which two or more different classes of stabilizers are chemically bound to anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. Polymeric stabilizers are prepared by the reaction of primary amino or hydrazido substituted stabilizers (i.e., antioxidants, light stabilizers, etc.) with some or all of the anhydride groups of the polymer or copolymer to form pendant stabilizer substituted imide or amic acid groups. The polymer bound stabilizers are not lost from the polymer system by volatilization, migration or extraction, even at high temperatures. The polymer bound stabilizer compounds may be used as concentrates to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: Ultraviolet light stabilizers are chemically bound to anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. Polymeric stabilizers are prepared by the reaction of primary amino or hydrazido-substituted UV absorbers with some or all of the anhydride groups of the polymer or copolymer to form pendant stabilizer substituted imide or amic acid groups. The polymer bound stabilizers are not lost from the polymer system by volatilization, migration, or extraction, even at high temperature. The polymeric stabilizers of this invention may be used as they are or as concentrates to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mononitrone of the formula: ##STR1## The amount of alpha-(2,4-dihydroxy)phenyl N-phenyl nitrone which is used in the modification of a diene containing polymer may range from about 0.1 to about 30 percent by weight of said polymer. The modified polymers exhibit improved tear properties as measured by Strebler adhesion values.

Abstract: A method for removing odor from an aqueous solution of polymeric quanternary ammonium salt solution containing residual aliphatic tertiary amine and choline chloride or derivative thereof, said process comprising adding a sufficient amount of a non-volatile, stable, polybasic acid to react with said choline chloride or derivative thereto to prevent the formation of aliphatic tertiary amine from said choline chloride or derivative thereof. The present invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of recording film by treating as ethylene oxide neutralized conductive quaternary polymer solution with orthophosphoric acid and coating the treated solution directly onto a substrate.

Abstract: A partially crosslinked, unsaturated elastomeric polymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isomonoolefin and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.14 conjugated multiolefin is provided which has a low crosslink density. The partially crosslinked polymer is produced by curing an uncrosslinked unsaturated polymer having a low level of chemically bound halogen with a curing agent which reacts only with the halogen. Processes for preparing these partially crosslinked unsaturated polymers are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adsorbent polymer having improved selectivity for cadmium ion, comprising a water-insoluble polymeric material having available surface pendant chelating groups having a multiplicity of thiol (--SH) groups, wherein pairs of thiol groups are connected by a chain R having between about 10 and 16 atoms of the structure: ##STR1## which thiol terminated chains are capable of chelating cadmium ion in rings of between about 11 and 17 atoms, andA is selected from alkylene having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkylene, aryl or arylalkylene. Preferably the adsorbent polymer having improved selectivity for cadmium of claim 1, wherein the pendant chelating groups having a thiol structure: ##STR2##BACKGROUND OF INVENTION1. Origin of the InventionPortions of the research leading to this invention were funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Cooperative Agreement No. CR 811984-01-0) and the University of California (Berkeley) Chancellor's Patent Fund (No. 401220-09520).

Abstract: The invention relates to new sulphur-containing copolymers, a process for their preparation from a sulphur source and a mixture of dihalogenoaromatics and dihalogenoaliphatics and their use for the production of shaped articles.

Abstract: A heat transfer liquid in the form of a molten salt mixture includes a mixture of potassium nitrate and lithium nitrate, and added calcium nitrate and/or anhydrous salts if appropriate. This is done in order to achieve a low melting point, a low toxicity and in particular a low viscosity. The heat transfer liquid may be used in the vulcanization of rubber.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a vinylamine copolymer having the structural units represented by the following formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V): ##STR1## wherein x.sup..crclbar. represents an anion or hydroxyl ion, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M.sup..sym. represents a hydrogen ion or a monovalent cation, in which the molar fraction of the structural unit (I) is 5 to 85% by mole, the molar fraction of the structural unit (II) is 2 to 85% by mole, the molar fraction of the structural unit (III) is 5 to 80% by mole, the molar fraction of the structural unit (IV) is 0 to 40% by mole, all of said molar fractions being based on the vinylamine copolymer, and the molar fraction of the structural unit (V) is 0 to 8% by mole which is based on the total content of the structural units (III), (IV), and (V), a flocculating agent and a paper strength increasing agent using the vinylamine copolymer, and a process for producing the vinylamine copolymer.

Abstract: Provided are polyvinyl ester macromonomers (A) having excellent polymerizability and highly controlled composition, structure and distribution of polymerization degree.Also provided are polyvinyl alcohol macromonomers (B) obtained by solvolysis of the above polyvinyl ester macromonomers (A) and having excellent polymerizability and highly controlled composition, structure and distribution of polymerization degree.Further provided are polymers (C) obtained by polymerization of the above polyvinyl ester macromonomers (A) and containing units from polyvinyl ester macromonomers having highly controlled composition, structure and distribution of polymerization degree. These polymers (C) are useful as compatibility improving agents, surface improving agents and like agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adduct of a hydrogenated nitrile rubber and a sulfenyl chloride.The adducts are characterized by having a surprisingly low level of gel, as determined by the amount of adduct which is insoluble in methyl ethyl ketone after 16 hours at 30.degree. C.The adducts may be vulcanized and used to prepare seals, gaskets or mechanical goods.

Abstract: This invention provides cationic acrylamide polymers which are highly effective as paper strength agents, drainage agents and suspension flocculants, and which do not show much temporal deterioration; it also provides a method of manufacturing said polymers wherein the manufacturing equipment is compact and can be installed on site, and the cationicity of the polymers can be modified in a short time.This invention comprises a method of manufacturing cationic acrylamide polymers by reaction, with a hypohalogenite, of a (meth)acrylamide homopolymer, a copolymer of (meth)acrylamide and acrylonitrile, a copolymer of (meth)acrylamide and N,N-dimethylacrylamide, in a high temperature range of 50.degree.-110.degree. C. for a short time; the polymers manufactured by said process; and paper strength agents, drainage agents and flocculants having these polymers as their principal constituent.

Abstract: A rubber composition for tire having improved processability, wear resistance, rebound resilience and heat build-up comprises 20.about.70 parts by weight of a specified butadiene polymer, 30.about.80 parts by weight of at least one rubber selected from natural rubber, high cis-1,4 polyisoprene rubber and styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, and 0.about.30 parts by weight of high cis-1,4 polybutadiene and/or low cis-1,4 polybutadiene, and contains 35.about.100 parts by weight of carbon black, 0.about.50 parts by weight of process oil, 0.5.about.5 parts by weight of aliphatic carboxylic acid and 0.1.about.3 parts by weight of sulfur based on 100 parts by weight of the above rubber components.

Abstract: A heat-stable binder for use in the vulcanization of natural or synthetic rubber mixtures onto metallic or other substrates, comprising a mixture which is free from oxidizing agents that oxidize quinone dioxime and which contains chlorinated rubber, after-brominated dichloropolybutadiene, and quinone dioxime.

Abstract: It is sometimes desirable to cure rubber compositions utilizing non-sulfur curing agents. The subject invention reveals rubber compositions which can be cured without utilizing sulfur or sulfur containing compounds. The subject invention more specifically disclosed a rubber composition which can be crosslinked by heating which is comprised of (1) at least one rubber having pendant blocked isocyanate groups bound thereto; and (2) at least one compound which contains at least 2 Zerewitinoff active hydrogens.This invention also discloses crosslinking of elastomer compounds containing (1) at least one rubber having functionalized groups containing at least one Zerewitinoff active hydrogen and (2) at least one compound which contains at least two blocked isocyanate groups. This invention also discloses self-curing elastomers containing both blocked isocyanate groups and groups containing at least one active Zerewitinoff hydrogen.

Abstract: Polymer bound stabilizer compounds are provided in which two or more different classes of stabilizers are chemically bound to anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. Polymeric stabilizers are prepared by the reaction of primary amino or hydrazido substituted stabilizers (i.e., antioxidants, light stabilizers, etc.) with some or all of the anhydride groups of the polymer or copolymer to form pendant stabilizer substituted imide or amic acid groups. The polymer bound stabilizers are not lost from the polymer system by volatilization, migration or extraction, even at high temperatures. The polymer bound stabilizer compounds may be used as concentrates to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: Ultraviolet light stabilizers are chemically bound to anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. Polymeric stabilizers are prepared by the reaction of primary amino or hydrazido-substituted UV absorbers with some or all of the anhydride groups of the polymer or copolymer to form pendant stabilizer substituted imide or amic acid groups. The polymer bound stabilizers are not lost from the polymer system by volatilization, migration, or extraction, even at high temperature. The polymeric stabilizers of this invention may be used as they are or as concentrates to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: Molded articles formed of polystyrene or other polymers containing an aromatic moiety can be derivatized on the surface of the article by subjecting the molded article to a chemical reaction wherein the reaction media utilizes tetramethylsulfone as the reactant solvent and a suitable substituent group which is substituted on to the aromatic moiety of the polystyrene or other polymer by electrophilic substitution. By choosing the substituent group to further include a leaving group, further substitution of the primary substituent can be effected normally by nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this way, biologically important molecules can be attached to a polystyrene or other aromatic containing polymer without effecting certain properties of the molded article such as its optical or spectroscopic clarity.

Abstract: Multilayer structures of gas-permeable film or sheet alternating with, and adherent to, layers of poly(glutarimide) film or sheet, exhibit outstanding resistance to gas permeation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a vinylamine copolymer having the structural units represented by the following formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V): ##STR1## wherein X.sup..crclbar. represents an anion or hydroxyl ion, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M.sup..sym. represents a hydrogen ion or a monovalent cation, in which the molar fraction of the structural unit (I) is 5 to 85% by mole, the molar fraction of the structural unit (II) is 2 to 85% by mole, the molar fraction of the structural unit (III) is 5 to 80% by mole, the molar fraction of the structural unit (IV) is 0 to 40% by mole, all of said molar fractions being based on the vinylamine copolymer and the molar fraction of the structural unit (V) is 0 to 8% by mole which is based on the total content of the structural units (III), (IV) and (V), a flocculating agent and a paper strength increasing agent using the vinylamine copolymer, and a process for producing the vinylamine copolymer.

Abstract: An oil soluble dispersant comprising the reaction products of:(1) (i) oil soluble salts, amides, imides, oxazolines, esters, or mixtures thereof of long chain hydrocarbyl substituted mono- and dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, (ii) long chain hydrocarbon having a polyamine attached directly thereto, and (iii) Mannich condensation product formed by condensing a long chain hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxy aromatic compound with an aldehyde and a polyamine, said adduct containing at least one reactive group selected from reactive amino groups and reactive hydroxyl groups; and(2) at least one polythioepoxide. Also disclosed are oleaginous compositions, particularly lubricating oil compositions, containing said dispersant.

Abstract: Oxyalkylated, carboxyl-containing polymers are prepared by reacting(A) a polymer which contains one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids as copolymerized units with(B) an alkylene oxidein an aqueous medium at not more than 120.degree. C. by a process in which the reaction is started at a pH of from 5.0 to 5.9 and is ended after a pH of from 5.5 to 8.5 has been reached. As a result of monitoring of the pH, the selectivity of the addition reaction of alkylene oxides with the polymers (A) is substantially improved compared with known processes.

Abstract: This invention provides fluorine-containing polymers having a plurality of thioorgano groups. These polymers are prepared by reacting a fluoropolymer precursor with one or more, organic, thiolate compounds thereby modifying the fluoropolymer precursor by grafting onto its backbone the thioorgano groups. Said thioorgano groups may contain functional moieties that modify the cure properties, bulk properties or compatibility of the thioorgano fluoropolymer precursor. This invention also provides shaped or formed cured articles, coatings and solutions comprising the thioorgano fluoropolymers, and blends thereof with other compatible polymers.

Abstract: Organic groups covalently bound to a polymer backbone provide second or third order nonlinear susceptibilities to the polymer. In another aspect, a method is disclosed for providing the novel polymers of the invention. Polymers of the invention can be directionally oriented to provide useful optically nonlinear media for use in nonlinear optical devices such as optical switches or light modulation devices.