Abstract: Polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups are disclosed. The esters are obtained by transesterifying alkyl polyacrylate esters with a mixture of dialkylaminoalkanols and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, followed by quaternization.The polymers are free of physiologically questionable components and can therefore be used for the preparation of cosmetic products, preferably for hair cosmetics. The polymers furthermore are suitable for finishing fibers or of textile products.The invention is furthermore directed to polyacrylate esters with tertiary amino groups, which are formed as intermediates in the preparation of polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups.

Abstract: Functionalized thermoplastics such as styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers polystyrene or maleated polyolefins may be thoughened with halogenated rubbers which are copolymers of isoprene and isobutylene provided a dialkyl or dihydroxyalkyl amino alkanol is present as a compatibilizer. The toughened thermoplastics have about a two fold increase in IZOD impact resistance.

Abstract: A polymer-bound linkable dye comprisinga) a water-soluble polymer backbone,b) a dye covalently bound thereto, andc) functional groups which enable the polymer-dye to link covalently with biological materials,in which the water-soluble polymer backbone is a copolymer which contains arcylamide, methacrylamide, N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 dialkylacrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-O-methylurethane, ethene or vinylmethylether as nonionic monomer blocks. The polymer-bound dye can be linked to a biologically active material such as an antibody or nucleic acid and used analytically.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin of a copolymer of diethyleneglycol bis(allyl carbonate) with one of glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, its homopolymer and its copolymer, and further occasionally a copolymerizable compound can be easily modified with active amine at its surface, and the surface-modified copolymer of diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) with glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate can be easily dyed with acid dye in a sharp color tone and can be used in an optical instrument demanded to have a high vividness of color.

Abstract: Aqueous, uncured but curable, polymer compositions which are stable at room temperature and possess excellent shelf life in uncured form are disclosed. The uncured polymer compositions can be made into fibers using conventional fiber forming processes and cured to produce absorbent fibers capable of absorbing at least 60 times their weight of brine.

Abstract: The invention provides polymeric compounds resulting from the condensation of a primary amine having one phenolic group in its molecule with a copolymer of carboxylic acid functions.The copolymer is formed by copolymerization of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid with at least one derivative of such a acid or by grafting of an unsaturated acid on a hydrocarbon polymer. These compounds can be especially used as multifunctional additives to lubricants.

Abstract: Polyacrylamide gels containing bound dye indicator molecules being sensitive to pH variation are treated with an aqueous solution for a period of time until the shifting of the pK value of the gel, due to the treatment, has finished.

Abstract: Zwitterion polymers are provided herein having the formula: ##STR1## where R is OR', where R' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or a lactam,X is oxygen or nitrogen,n is 2-10, andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl,and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: It is sometimes desirable to cure rubber compositions utilizing non-sulfur curing agents. The subject invention reveals rubber compositions which can be cured without utilizing sulfur or sulfur containing compounds. The subject invention more specifically disclosed a rubber composition which can be crosslinked by heating which is comprised of (1) at least one rubber having pendant blocked isocyanate groups bound thereto; and (2) at least one compound which contains at least 2 Zerewitinoff active hydrogens.This invention also discloses crosslinking of elastomer compounds containing (1) at least one rubber having functionalized groups containing at least one Zerewitinoff active hydrogen and (2) at least one compound which contains at least two blocked isocyanate groups. This invention also discloses self-curing elastomers containing both blocked isocyanate groups and groups containing at least one active Zerewitinoff hydrogen.

Abstract: Polymer bound stabilizer compounds are provided in which two or more different classes of stabilizers are chemically bound to anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. Polymeric stabilizers are prepared by the reaction of primary amino or hydrazido substituted stabilizers (i.e., antioxidants, light stabilizers, etc.) with some or all of the anhydride groups of the polymer or copolymer to form pendant stabilizer substituted imide or amic acid groups. The polymer bound stabilizers are not lost from the polymer system by volatilization, migration or extraction, even at high temperatures. The polymer bound stabilizer compounds may be used as concentrates to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: Ultraviolet light stabilizers are chemically bound to anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. Polymeric stabilizers are prepared by the reaction of primary amino or hydrazido-substituted UV absorbers with some or all of the anhydride groups of the polymer or copolymer to form pendant stabilizer substituted imide or amic acid groups. The polymer bound stabilizers are not lost from the polymer system by volatilization, migration, or extraction, even at high temperature. The polymeric stabilizers of this invention may be used as they are or as concentrates to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: A metal treatment solution comprising an effective amount of a soluble or dispersible compound which is a derivative of a polyphenol. The present invention comprises novel derivatives of polyphenol compounds useful in the treatment of the surface of metal articles. The present invention also encompasses novel surface treatment solutions or dispersions, and methods of using these solutions or dispersions. The compositions of the present invention include amine oxide containing polyphenol compounds and derivative thereof. The molecular weight of the polyphenols used in derivatives of the present invention have molecular weights of from about 360 to about 30,000 or greater. The resulting derivatives of the present invention typically have a molecular weight of up to about 2,000,000 with molecular weights within the range of about 700 to about 70,000 being preferred.

Abstract: Chemically-modified, chlorinated, hydroxyimidized polyolefins having improved properties of solvent and/or humidity resistance and method for preparation thereof are disclosed. The novel materials prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful, for example, as primers for use with polymeric substrates.

Abstract: Chemically-modified, chlorinated, hydroxyimidized polyolefins are used as stir-in additives to produce a paint having improved film appearance, adhesion and campatibility.

Abstract: Amino-functional compounds are economically prepared by reacting maleic anhydride with alcohols to form a maleate or fumarate "half-ester" which is combined with certain amines such as aspartate or glutamate, or alkanolamines, under conditions selected to avoid hydrolysis. At low molecular weights, the compounds herein are useful detergency builders; at progressively higher molecular weights within a specific range, combined builder/dispersant and typical dispersant properties emerge. Processes for preparing the compounds and useful detergent compositions containing them are described.

Abstract: Chemically-modified, chlorinated, hydroxyimidized polyolefins having improved properties of solvent and/or humidity resistance and method for preparation thereof are disclosed. The novel materials prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful, for example, as primers for use with polymeric substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline copolymer contains a comonomer to which a radical ##STR1## is bonded, where X is a chemical bond, O or NR.sup.1, Y is a chemical bond or --CO--, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and A is a linear or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkylene group which may be interrupted by --O-- or ##STR2## The liquid crystalline copolymers have very good lightfastness, high dichroism and a high absorption.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin of a copolymer of diethyleneglycol bis(allyl carbonate) with one of glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, its homopolymer and its copolymer, and further occasionally a copolymerizable compound can be easily modified with active amine at its surface, and the surface-modified copolymer of diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) with glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate can be easily dyed with acid dye in a sharp color tone and can be used in an optical instrument demanded to have a high vividness of color.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of preparing homopolymers or copolymers that are water-soluble or swell up in water and have a low residual monomer content by treating them with at least one compound that can react with the monomer's double bond.

Abstract: An oil-soluble additive for lubricating oil applications is provided by the formation of an adduct of thiocyanogen halide and polyalkene, removal of the hydrogen halide from said adduct and thermal rearrangement of the product to provide a polyalkenyl isothiocyanate which can be subsequently derivitized to provide a thiocarbamyl moiety containing product having excellent sludge dispersement properties.

Abstract: A method of functionalizing a thermoplastically processible olefinic polymer, comprising the step of:reacting in a melt, an olefinic polymer with a functionalizing agent having the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are, independently, a OH group, a C.sub.1-10 alkoxy group, the group NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, or X.sub.1 and X.sub.2, taken together, are oxygen or the group --NR.sub.1 --; whereinR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are, independently, hydrogen, a C.sub.1-10 (cyclo)alkyl group, a C.sub.1-10 hydroxyalkyl group, an aryl group with up to 10 carbon atoms, a C.sub.1-10 acyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, taken together, are a C.sub.2-9 unsubstituted or hydroxyl substituted alkylene group.

Abstract: A lubricating oil contains, as a multifunctional additive, a polymer such as an ethylene - propylene copolymer, bearing graft moieties derived from allyl glycidyl ether, or glycidyl methacrylate as a graft monomer polymer being functionalized with (i) N-vinyl pyrrolidone and (ii) a Mannich base formed by the reaction p-nonyl phenol, N-(aminoethyl) piperazine, and formaldehyde.

Abstract: An acrylic rubber composition comprising (A) a copolymer and (B) a crosslinking agent, said copolymer (A) consisting essentially of (a) from 3 to 10% by weight of ethylene, (b) from 0 to 10% by weight of at least one crosslinkable monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers of the formulas (1), (2), (3) and (4): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is vinyl, allyl or methallyl, ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.4 OOC--CH.dbd.CH--COOH (4)wherein R.sub.4 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, ethoxybutyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl or ethoxybutyl, and (c) from 80 to 97% by weight of other copolymer component, said other copolymer component (c) consisting essentially of (i) from 0 to 10% by weight of vinyl acetate, (ii) from 20 to 45% by weight of ethyl acrylate and (iii) from 45 to 70% by weight of n-butyl acrylate, the total amount of constituents (i), (ii) and (iii) being 100% by weight.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydroxamated polymers of acrylamide is disclosed whereby the polymer is reacted with a hydroxylamine salt at pH of at least about 8.0.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the imidization of copolymers of maleic anhydride with vinyl-aromatic monomers using an urea as the imidizing agent.

Abstract: A polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from between about 1,000 to about 10,000,000 which polymer contains at least 5 mole percent of a pendant functional group represented by: ##STR1## and mixtures thereof; wherein R' is chosen from the group consisting of H, and lower linear or branched alkyl groups containing from one to six carbon atoms; and X is an anionic gegenion, present in an electroneutralizing amount.

Abstract: Pendant amide-containing polymers may be modified in such a way to achieve substituted pendant amide groups described by the structure: ##STR1## wherein: R is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) groups,R.sup.1 is a multivalent hydrocarbonaceous bridging group containing from 1-20 carbon atoms,X is a tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonium salt functional group,Y is chosen from the group consisting of --OR"', and ##STR2## and mixtures thereof, and whereinR'" is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups, aryl alkyl, aryl groups and the like,q ranges from 0-50,m ranges from 0-24,n ranges from 0-24, provided that the sum of m plus n is at least 1.Processes for achieving modified polymers having the above functional group is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to prepare an adduct of a nitrile rubber and an amino alcohol. The present adducts have 2-oxazoline functionality which is detectable in the infrared spectrum.

Abstract: Polymer compounds resulting from the condensation of polyacrylic acids having a molecular weight comprised between 10,000 and 2,000,000 and alkylamines containing at least 12 carbon atoms in their chain. These products constitute paraffin deposit inhibitors and pour point depressants for crude petroleum oils.

Abstract: Polyacrylic acid polymers are modified with hydroxylamine to convert a portion of the acrylic acid groups in the polymer to hydroxamic acid groups. The process requires utiization of a pH between 1-6 and a temperature ranging between 70.degree.-150.degree. C.

Abstract: Detergents for hydrocarbon fuels, and hydrocarbon fuels containing detergents are provided wherein the detergent is comprised of an alkenylsuccinimide prepared by reacting an alkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride with a mixture of amines. The alkenyl substituent is substantially derived from an olefin having a carbon chain or from 8 to 10 carbons or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the reduction of the extractability of trialkanolamines from polyolefins containing such compounds e.g. as a result of the use of trialkanolamines as catalyst deactivators in processes for the polymerization of olefins. Zinc oxide and/or zeolite molecular sieves are incorporated into the polyolefin, either during the process for the manufacture of the polyolefin or subsequent to such manufacture. Zinc oxide may be used in amount of 0.01-4 parts by weight and zeolite molecular sieves in amounts of 0.05-1 parts by weight, per 100 parts of polyolefin. The resultant compositions may be more acceptable for use in the fabrication of articles intended for the packaging of e.g. foodstuffs.

Abstract: An externally crosslinkable aminopoly(meth)acrylate resin free from epoxy groups for water-dilutable lacquers having an amine number of from 30 to 150 and a hydroxyl number of from 30 to 450, obtainable by reacting a poly(meth)acrylate resin containing epoxy groups and having an average molecular weight (Mn) of from 600 to 10,000 and an epoxy equivalent weight of from 300 to 4000 with an excess of primary and/or secondary monoamines and/or amionoalcohols to react all the free epoxy groups with the amine groups and distilling off the unreacted excess amine compound, a process for its production and its use. The invention also relates to a CED bath which contains these aminopoly(meth)acrylate resins and crosslinking agents and, optionally, hydroxyfunctional resins and to its use for coating objects.

Abstract: A novel random copolymer containing, in specific ratios, methyl methacrylate units, aromatic vinyl compound units, methacrylic acid units, hexagonal anhydride units and hexagonal imide units of the formula ##STR1## has been found to have excellent optical properties, mechanical strength, heat distortion resistance, heat decomposition resistance and oil resistance, and have low water absorption. The copolymer can advantageously be employed as a material for parts of light electric apparatus, engineering plastics, lenses, optical fiber cables, and is especially useful as a material for a substrate of optical discs.

Abstract: An N-(hydroxyphenyl)maleimide-isobutylene copolymer having the following repeating units: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms; l, m and n are numbers satisfying conditions of 0.01<n/(l+m).ltoreq.10 and 0.2<l/(l+m).ltoreq.1; and p is an integer of 0-4.

Abstract: An aqueous drilling fluid having present in an amount sufficient to disperse the fluid and to provide resistance to high temperatures and solids contamination of the drilling fluid, at least one salt of a polymer or copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid with alkanolamine, alkylamine, mixtures of alkanolamine and alkylamine, mixtures of lithium and alkanolamine, mixtures of lithium and alkylamine and mixtures of lithium, alkanolamine and alkylamine, the polymer having a weight average molecular weight of between about 2,000 and about 15,000 and a pH of from about 6 to about 8.5 and where mixtures of lithium and alkanolamine, lithium and alkylamine or mixtures of lithium, alkanolamine and alkylamine are used, the amount of lithium is present to give from about 30% to about 70% of the desired neutralization of the polymer and the alkanolamine and/or alkylamine is present to give from about 70% to about 30% of the desired neutralization of the polymer.

Abstract: Lubricating oil of improved dispersancy and anti-oxidancy contains an ethylene-propylene copolymer onto which has been graft polymerized allyl glycidyl ether, the graft polymer having been thereafter functionalized with (i) N-vinyl pyrrolidone and (ii) a Mannich base formed from N-(aminoethyl) piperazine, formaldehyde, and nonyl phenol.

Abstract: Non-polluting thinning adjuvant for sea-water and/or fresh-water based drilling muds.Non-polluting thinning adjuvant for sea-water and/or fresh-water based drilling muds, with the aim to maintain their rheological characteristics in the extreme conditions of temperature and pressure which prevail in wells drilled at great depths. This thinning adjuvant is characterized by the fact that it is a hydrosoluble copolymer resulting from the copolymerization of ethylenic acids, acrylamides and ethylenic esters of phosphoric acid.Its general formula is: ##STR1## in which the indices m,n,p -expressed in % in mole- are chosen from the following intervals:0%<m<90%2%<n<100%0%<p<90%and where radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are chosen from the group consisting of H and the alkyles, and radical R.sub.3 is chosen from the group consisting of alkylenes and alkylene-oxides and/or polyalkylene oxides.

Abstract: A high temperature, pressurized process is described to synthesize substituted carboxylated modified acrylamide polymers represented by the structure: ##STR1## wherein X is from the group --SO.sub.3 M, --PO.sub.3 M.sub.2, --COOR, --OR, ##STR2## and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to new bead-shaped crosslinked macroporous copolymers containing epoxide groups and basic amino groups, which are obtainable by reacting polymerizable glycidyl compounds, before or during free radical bead polymerization, which is carried out in the presence of agents which impart porosity and, if appropriate, with the addition of polyvinyl compounds which can be polymerized by free radical polymerization, with amines which are capable of reacting with at least two epoxide groups, a process for their preparation and their use, for example, for binding biologically active substances, for the preparation of strongly basic anion exchangers and hydrophilic chromatography resins for biomaterials.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising an elastomeric vinylidene fluoride copolymer, a polyhydroxy compound and a vulcanization accelerator, characterized in that said copolymer contains from 2 to 50 mol % of vinylidene fluoride units and unsaturated bonds introduced by reacting an untreated elastomeric vinylidene fluoride copolymer dispersed in an aqueous medium, with an aqueous alkaline solution containing an onium compound.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an N-(hydroxyphenyl)-5 maleimide copolymer having the following repeating units: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, an aryl group, an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms; l, m and n are numbers satisfying conditions of 0.01<n/(l+m).ltoreq.10 and 0.1<l/(l+m).ltoreq.1; and p is an integer of 0-4, comprising reaction of a copolymer of maleic anhydride and an unsaturated hydrocarbon and an aminophenol in an organic solvent.

Abstract: Terpolymers of 30 to 75% by weight of maleic acid (anhydride), 5 to 60% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and 5 to 40% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile are suitable as retanning agents for mineral-tanned leather.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chelation resins is disclosed. By this process, chelation resins can be prepared without the formation of large amounts of waste salt streams. In addition, novel chelation resins are prepared according to this process.

Abstract: Pendant amide-containing polymers may be modified in such a way to achieve substituted pendant amide groups described by the structure: ##STR1## wherein: R is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) groups,R.sup.1 is a multivalent hydrocarbonaceous bridging group containing from 1-20 carbon atoms,X is a tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonium salt functional group,Y is chosen from the group consisting of --OR"', and ##STR2## and mixtures thereof, and whereinR"' is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups, aryl alkyl, aryl groups and the like,q ranges from 0-50,m ranges from 0-24,n ranges from 0-24, provided that the sum of m plus n is at least 1.Processes for achieving modified polymers having the above functional group is also disclosed.

Abstract: Heavy metals can be fixed to solid carriers to which an .alpha.-amino- or an .alpha.-iminohydroxamate ligand has been covalently bound. The ligand can have the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent H or an alkyl, or may be a compound of two or more hydroxamate substituents. The carrier can be formed of polysaccharides, polygalactanes, polyacrylates or silica dioxide. The adsorbent is prepared by an .alpha.-aminohydroxamate in an aqueous solution having a pH value of 4-9 being brought into contact with an aldehyde derivative of a carrier, followed by reduction with sodiumborohydride or sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Abstract: An acrylic fiber useful in the preparation of precursor fibers for the preparation of carbon or graphite fibers contains 93.0-99.4 mol percent acrylonitrile, 0.6-4.0 mol percent of ammonium or amine having a pKb of 5 or less as neutralizing cations for sulfonic and sulfuric acid end groups derived from the initiator and activator and as neutralizing cations for sulfonic acid groups derived from one or more sulfonic acid containing comonomers and 0-3.0 mol percent of one or more comonomers selected from the group consisting of simple acrylate or methacrylate esters, simply vinyl esters, styrene, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, the fiber containing no more than 0.3 mol percent of cations other than ammonium or amine.

Abstract: A high temperature, pressurized process is described to synthesize substituted carboxylated modified acrylamide polymers represented by the structure: ##STR1## wherein X is from the group --SO.sub.3 M, --PO.sub.3 M.sub.2, --COOR, --OR, ##STR2## and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a water-soluble acid amide compound which comprises heating (a) a carboxylic acid compound having at least one carboxyl group in the molecule and being incapable of forming a 5-membered cyclic acid imide linkage and (b) a primary or secondary amine compound in an aqueous medium to introduce an acid amide linkage into the molecule.

Abstract: The new copolymers based on maleic anhydride and .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated compounds contain, as bivalent structural units,A: 20 to 95 mole % of the structural element ##STR1## B: 0 to 40 mole % of the structural element ##STR2## C: and 0 to 40 mole % of the structural element ##STR3## the sum of the mole percents of (A), (B) and (C) being 100, and wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and denote hydrogen, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or the ester group ##STR4## in which R.sup.4 represents alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms,R.sup.3 denotes an alkyl, cycloalkyl or optionally substituted aryl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms andX and Y are identical or different and represent the group--O--R.sup.5in whichR.sup.5 denotes hydrogen, a cation or alkyl with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, orX and Y represent the group--NHR.sup.3in which R.sup.3 has the abovementioned meaning,at least one of the radicals X and Y representing the group --O--R.sup.