Abstract: The process for acceleration of the cure rate of an epoxy resin which comprises forming a mixture of an epoxy resin, a boron trifluoride-amine complex and an isocyanate compound and curing said mixture at a temperature in the range of from about ambient to about 130.degree. C. is described.

Abstract: A method for purification of phenolic epoxy novolac or phenolic derivative epoxy resin intermediates is disclosed. At the time of manufacture, the epoxy resin is a flowing stream with a solvent and with impurities, typically being dispersed residual salt ions, particles of the catalyst used in the manufacturing process, and solidified polymer. The epoxy resin is mixed with water dispersed therethrough in droplet form. Then, the epoxy resin is flowed through an electrostatic coalescer means. The water droplets are coalesced and form a water phase in the bottom of the coalescing means, thereby picking up substantially all the impurities. As desired, two or more electrostatic coalescing means can be cascaded to obtain a desired degree of purification.

Abstract: An activation energy-curable resin composition comprising as an essential ingredient a resin obtained by reacting (a) the reaction product of a novolac epoxy compound and an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid with (b) the reaction product of a diisocyanate and a poly(meth)acrylate having one hydroxyl group for each molecule.

Abstract: Advanced epoxy resin products are prepared by reacting a triglycidyl ether of a trihydric phenol such as the triglycidyl ether of 1,1,1-tri(hydroxyphenyl)methane with a dihydric phenol such as bisphenol A. These advanced epoxy resins are non-sintering solid resins useful in the preparation of electrical potting or molding compositions.

Abstract: Advanced epoxy resins having a low total aliphatic halide content are prepared by reacting an epoxy resin having an average of more than one 1,2-epoxide group per molecule with a material having an average of more than one phenolic hydroxyl group per molecule in the presence of a solvent having at least one aliphatic hydroxide group per molecule and a catalytic quantity of an alkali metal hydroxide. These low aliphatic halide-containing advanced epoxy resins are useful in formulations for preparing laminates, moldings, pottings and coatings for the electronics industry.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition consisting essentially of an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of 200 or lower, a mixture of polybasic carboxylic acid anhydride and aromatic ester as a curing agent, and inorganic powder as a filler.

Abstract: To reduce the content of hydrolyzable chlorine in glycidyl compounds, these are dissolved in a halogen-free organic solvent and treated with an equivalent excess of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution at elevated temperature, the excess being 100 to 200% of the equivalent amount theoretically required for complete dehydrochlorination of the hydrolyzable chlorine, the water is then removed from the organic solution, the organic solution is treated with 5 to 500 times the amount, based on the amount of alkali metal hydroxide employed, of moist cellulose containing up to 35% by weight of water at elevated temperature and, after filtration, the glycidyl compound is isolated from the organic solution.

Abstract: An epoxy impregnating resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a compound having at least two epoxy groups in one molecule, from 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of an allyl epoxy compound having both allyl and epoxy groups in one molecule and represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, halogen or a monovalent organic group, from 30 to 300 parts by weight of a liquid cyclic acid anhydride, and from 5 to 300 parts by weight of a compound having a polymerizable double bond.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for absorbing moisture when moisture constraints are present. The moisture absorbing compositions include a curable epoxy resin, a curing agent, and an anhydride of a carboxylic acid. In one embodiment, the anhydride component is present in an amount sufficient both to cure the resin and to absorb the moisture. In other embodiments, a separate curing agent is included. Methods employing such compositions as adhesives or coatings, particularly in electronic device packaging, also are disclosed.

Abstract: The hydrolyzable halide content of glycidyl ethers prepared by dehydrohalogenating a halohydrin ether intermediate product in the presence of an organic solvent, washing the resultant product with water and distilling the solvent from the organic phase from the water wash step is stabilized when the distillation step is conducted in the presence of a sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid ester, organic sulfate or any combination thereof such as p-toluene sulfonate.

Abstract: Novel phosphorus-containing polyglycidyl ethers capable of forming a cured epoxy resin having a high flame retardancy and excellent in heat resistance characteristics such as heat deterioration resistance, glass transition temperature, thermal deformation temperature and the like; a process for producing said phosphorus-containing polyglycidyl ethers; phosphorus-containing polyphenol compounds used in production of said phosphorus-containing polyglycidyl ethers; and a process for producing said phosphorus-containing polyphenol compounds.

Abstract: Cathodically depositable self-crosslinking binders for electrodeposition based on alkylphenol novolaks wherein an alkylphenol novolak having a molecular weight of at least 500 and a hydroxyl value of between 100 and 700 mg KOH/g, modified through self-condensation or etherification of the phenolic hydroxy groups, obtained through a reaction catalyzed with an acid (component A), is reacted simultaneously or separately with (B) amines which carry a tertiary amino group and at least one hydroxy group or primary or secondary amino group (component B) and (C) aromatic or aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates (component C), the weight ratio of components being chosen in order that for each mole of component (B) 2 to 4 NCO-equivalents of component (C) are present and that the resultant isocyanate-group-free reaction product has an amine value of between 40 and 120 mg KOH/g is described.

Abstract: Fast curing adhesives which are free of solvent and have high heat resistant bonding strength composed of mixtures of polyols, polyepoxides and polyisocyanates are described.

Abstract: 100 percent solids epoxy, nitrile coating compositions comprising:(a) epoxy resins, and(b) epoxy-nitrile monomers which are useful for protective coatings.The invention further includes a process for producing the 100 percent solids epoxy nitrile coating compositions comprising:(1) forming a mixture of the epoxy resins with the epoxy nitrile monomers and curing agents,(2) applying the mixture to a substrate to form a coating, and(3) curing the coating so that in situ copolymerization of the epoxy resin and epoxy-nitrile monomer results in a multifunctional epoxy nitrile coating system.

Abstract: Curable compositions are disclosed which comprise a polyglycidyl ether such as the triglycidylether of tris(hydroxyphenyl)methane and a halogenated dihydric phenol such as tetrabromobisphenol A. These compositions can be cured by heating in the presence or absence of catalyst for reacting epoxy groups with phenolic hydroxyl groups such as 2-methyl imidazole. These compositions are particularly useful in the preparation of electrical laminates.

Abstract: Cathodically depositable self-crosslinking binders for electrodeposition based on alkylphenol-formaldehyde condensates wherein an alkylphenol-formaldehyde condensate having a molecular weight of at least 500 and a hydroxyl value of between 100 and 700 mg KOH/g, modified through self-condensation or etherification of the phenolic hydroxy groups, obtained through a reaction catalyzed with a base (component A), is reacted simultaneously or separately with (B) amines which carry a tertiary amino group and at least one hydroxy group or primary or secondary amino group (component B) and (C) aromatic or aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates (component C), the weight ratio of components being chosen in order that for each mole of component (B) 2 to 4 NCO-equivalents of component (C) are present and that the resultant isocyanate-group-free reaction product has an amine value of between 40 and 120 mg KOH/g is described.

Abstract: The total halide content of epoxy resins is reduced by heating a resin containing halide dissolved in a solvent mixture containing at least one ketone, at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and optionally at least one compound containing at least one aliphatic hydroxyl group in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide for a time sufficient to reduce the total halide content.

Abstract: Epoxy resins are prepared by dehydrohalogenating the reaction product of a polyhydric phenol with an excess of an epihalohydrin in the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound wherein prior to dehydrohalogenation, the excess epihalohydrin is removed and an organic solvent is added and at least a portion of the dehydrohalogenation is conducted in the presence of added quantities of a quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: Epoxy resins low in aliphatic halogen are prepared by reacting a polyhydric phenol with an excess of an epihalohydrin in the presence of a secondary alcohol and an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide until from 45 to <70 percent of the phenolic hydroxyl groups have reacted; removing unreacted polyhydric phenol therefrom until less than 4% total phenolic hydroxyl remains in the reaction product; dehydrohalogenating the resultant intermediate product and recovering the epoxy resin therefrom.

Abstract: Polyglycidyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein: G represents hydrogen, ##STR2## R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a 5- or 6-membered oxygen or sulfur atom containing heterocyclic group which groups, other than hydrogen, may be substituted by halogen or the group --OG,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or ##STR3## n is a positive number up to 10, and at least two G groups in the molecule are other than hydrogen. The polyglycidyl ether is produced by condensing alpha-naphthol with an aldehyde, such as acetaldehyde, in the presence of an acid catalyst such as nitric acid, and optionally in the presence of an inert medium such as toluene, to form a novolak-type phenol which is thereafter condensed with an epihalohydrin. The polyglycidyl ethers may be cured with conventional curing agents. Composite materials containing a matrix formed from the cured polyglycidyl ether and a filler dispersed in the matrix have excellent heat resistance and low water absorption.

Abstract: A composition suitable for making circuitboards containing two different brominated epoxy polymeric components which are brominated diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A and epoxidized nonlinear novolak having at least about six terminal epoxy groups.

Abstract: Binders useful for cathodic electrocoating are water-dilutable on addition of acid and comprise a mixture of(A) a polyadduct which carries basic nitrogen groups and contains groups of the formula (I) and/or (II) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkyl or hydroxyalkyl or together are a 5- or 6-membered ring, and(B) a reaction product of a polyisocyanate and an olefinically unsaturated amine which carries a secondary amino group and a methacrylamide or methacrylate group.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams employing vinyl polymer polyols made by polymerizing in situ via a free-radical mechanism one or more vinyl monomers in an epoxy resin-modified polyol are described. Preferably, styrene and acrylonitrile are copolymerized in a polyol made by adding epoxy resin to the alkoxylation of a polyol initiator having 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups. The vinyl polymer polyols of this invention give flexible polyurethane foams with greater load-bearing properties.

Abstract: Vinyl polymer polyols made by polymerizing in situ via a free-radical mechanism one or more vinyl monomers in an epoxy resin-modified polyol are described. Preferably, styrene and acrylonitrile are copolymerized in a polyol made by adding epoxy resin to the alkoxylation of a polyol initiator having 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups. The vinyl polymer polyols of this invention give flexible polyurethane foams with greater load-bearing properties.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition comprising a polyglycidyl ether prepared by reacting a 3-methyl-6-alkylphenol in the presence or absence of a phenol other than the 3-methyl-6-alkylphenol with an aldehyde to obtain a novolak, and then reacting the novolak with an epihalohydrin, which composition is useful in electronic fields, for example, for encapsulating semiconductor products or for the production of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: Novel modified polyether polyols made by first optionally alkoxylating, subsequent reaction with epoxy resins and final alkoxylation of mixtures of initiators is described. The initiator mixture is made up of about 60 to 90 wt. % of a partially alkoxylated trifunctional initiator and 10 to 40 wt. % of a secondary partially alkoxylated initiator having an active hydrogen functionality of from 4 to 8. Preferably, the alkylene oxide component is a blend of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and the resulting modified polyol molecules have 0.25 to 2.5 wt. % internally located epoxy resin. Flexible polyurethane foams made from these polyether polyols have improved load bearing properties as compared with those made from prior art polyols.

Abstract: A difunctional epoxide is provided which is represented by the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aromatic residue, a is 1 to 2, b is at least 2 and most preferably 2, and x is --CH.sub.3, --H, or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.3, and most preferably x is --CH.sub.3.In addition, an epoxy resin is provided which is comprised of the reaction product of the above diepoxide and a polyfunctional phenolic hydroxy compound represented by the structural formula: ##STR2## wherein Ar is an aromatic residue and m is at least and preferably 2. The resultant reaction product is at least difunctional in epoxide groups.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition comprising (A) an epoxy resin, (B) an alicyclic or aromatic polycarboxylic acid anhydride, (C) 4-ketopimelic acid dilactone, and if necessary (D) a hardening accelerator can give a cured article having excellent properties such as elongation, flexibility, hardness, tensile strength, etc.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyols that can be used to prepare rigid foams, such polyols being prepared by reacting a propoxylation product with melamine and a lower alkylene carbonate. The propoxylation product (which can contain some ethylene oxide) is prepared by propoxylating a Mannich condensate prepared by reacting phenol or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylphenol with formaldehyde and diethanolamine in the mole ratios of from 1:1:1 to about 1:3:3.

Abstract: Epoxy resins are prepared by reacting an excess of an epihalohydrin with a phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound in the presence of the incremental addition of a basic catalyst while removing water by codistilling with a solvent and epihalohydrin.

Abstract: A catalyst and accelerator for an epoxy system which consists of a halogeisphenate of a catalytically active tertiary amine and which is obtained in a solid form practically water insoluble and odor free but which nevertheless possess the catalytic activity of the tertiary amine. The application describes the proportion of the catalyst by reacting an aqueous suspension of the halogenobisphenol with the tertiary amine, the proportion of epoxy resin systems containing the catalyst and the epoxy resin systems thus formed.

Abstract: The invention provides a low-dusting anhydride curing agent blend for epoxy resins comprising a solid acid anhydride (trimellitic anhydride) and a normally liquid acid anhydride (methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. The invention further provides processes for preparing the anhydride blends and to curable epoxy compositions thereof.

Abstract: High-temperature coating materials are prepared by cross-linking copolymers of oligomers produced by nickel catalyzed coupling of unsubstituted aryl polyhalides with substituted organic halides.

Abstract: A process for making glycidyl ethers of novolac resins, particularly phenol or cresol novolacs, with low hydrolyzable chlorine and low ionic chloride content, said resins prepared by reaction of a novolac resin with epichlorohydrin in an alkaline medium, comprises dissolving the crude epoxy novolac resin in an inert organic solvent, treating the solution obtained with an excess amount of an alkali metal alkoxide, neutralizing the excess alkali with a weak acid, removing the alkali metal chloride formed by filtration in the presence of a filter aid and isolating the epoxy novolac resin by distillation of the solvent.

Abstract: Compositions that cure when heated comprise(A) an epoxide resin and(B) an effective amount of(i) a diaryliodosyl salt of formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each represents a monovalent aromatic radical of from 4 to 25 carbon atoms, such as a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group,M represents a metal or metalloid atom, such as phosphorus or boron,X represents a halogen atom, particularly chlorine or fluorine, andn is 4, 5, or 6, and is greater by one than the valency of M or MX.sub.n.sup.- represents pentafluorohydroxoantimonate, and(ii) a catalyst for the diaryliodosyl salt which is a salt or complex of a d-block transition metal, a stannous salt, an organic peroxide, or an .alpha.-hydroxy compound.Typically, the epoxide resin (A) is a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, the salt (i) is diphenyliodosyl tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate, and the catalyst (ii) is cupric acetylacetonate or benzpinacol.

Abstract: Novel advanced epoxy resins are prepared using phosphine or phosphonium salt initiators bearing at least one hydroxyphenyl or thiophenyl groups. These phosphonium salt initiators are novel compositions of matter. The resulting resins contain reduced quantities of extractable phosphorus containing moieties.

Abstract: Silicone rubbers and silicone-modified organic rubbers are strongly adhered to various substrates using primer compositions comprising the combination of (1) a silicone-modified epoxy resin containing both epoxide and silicon-bonded alkoxy groups, and (2) an aminoalkylsilane.

Abstract: Branched epoxy novolacs having from 5 to 10 (or more) glycidyl ether groups per molecule are prepared by the epoxidation of novolacs made by the reaction of mono- or dihydric phenols with mono- or dinuclear diphenols ring-substituted with 3- or 4-methylol and/or alkoxymethyl groups.

Abstract: A new glycidyl ether of novolak type substituted phenolic resin composed of specific repeating units and new terminal groups contained therein. This resin is superior as an encapsulating compound in the electric and electronic industries.

Abstract: Large-scale preparation of branched novolacs by the acid catalyzed, exothermic condensation of methylol-reactive phenols with polymethylol diphenols is made practical by first carrying out the reaction on a scale which permits temperature control simply by cooling and then separately adding more of the premixed reactants and the catalyst at rates such that the temperature of the reaction mixture can readily be controlled.

Abstract: The new petroleum breakers are obtained by subjecting (a) an addition reaction product which has been obtained by reacting aliphatic aldehydes with phenol in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 at temperatures of 50.degree. to 80.degree. C. in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, to a condensation reaction at 80.degree. to 150.degree. C., after prior neutralization and, if appropriate, in the presence of inert solvents, with (b) a block polymer which has been prepared by reacting polypropylene glycols having molecular weights of 1,300 to 3,000 with 20 to 100% by weight of ethylene oxide in the presence of alkaline catalysts, in a ratio of 0.5 to 4 moles of (a) to 1 mole of (b), and removing the water of the reaction which is formed, and (c) adding on 10 to 400 g of propylene oxide, relative to 100 g of condensation product, or 10 to 200 g of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in a ratio of 1:0.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers which are crosslinkable under the action of light and contain side groups of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.3 is preferably chlorine and R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, for example, H or --CH.sub.3. The proportion of these groups in the polymers is preferably 20 to 100%. Because of their high sensitivity to light, the polymers are suitable for photographic applications.

Abstract: Certain water-soluble substituted phenol formaldehyde type copolymers retain their viscosities in high brine environments and are highly useful as surfactant-mobility control agents in oil recovery processes.

Abstract: The hydrolyzable "chloride" contents of epoxides prepared from epihalohydrins and phenols, aromatic amines or >N-H group-containing heterocycles are considerably reduced by a second dehydrochlorination step which comprises dissolving the epoxide in a solvent having the characteristics of a 1:1 by weight blend of methylethylketone and toluene and treating it with amounts of base and water ensuring a final base concentration equivalent to that of about 4 wt. % aqueous NaOH.

Abstract: Paint binders which are water soluble upon neutralization with bases comprising the reaction product of a polyepoxide containing reactive oxirane groups with phosphonic acids containing hydroxyl and/or vinyl groups. The paint binders when stoved at low temperatures have increased chemical resistance.

Abstract: A polyol for a polyurethane produced by reacting an epoxide with a reaction product obtained by reacting at least four components of (a) a phenol compound having the formula A--OH (A represents an aromatic ring having at least two reactive sites), (b) an aromatic amine having the formula B--NH.sub.2 (B represents an aromatic ring having at least two reactive sites), (c) an aldehyde and (d) an alkanolamine.

Abstract: The new compounds consist essentially of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymer units and oxyalkyleneated alkylphenol/aldehyde resin units, which are linked by methylene groups. They are prepared by reacting a block polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and an oxyalkyleneated alkylphenol/aldehyde resin with formaldehyde. The new compounds constitute especially advantageous breaking agents for petroleum.

Abstract: A liquid curing agent for polyepoxides having terminal epoxide groups is made from a blend of a normally solid aliphatic polyol and a monoimidazole. Cured compositions made from the curing agent and the polyepoxide are useful in various types of plastics applications.

Abstract: Phase stable compositions containing a paraffinic polyol chain extender, e.g., 1,4-butanediol, and an isocyanate-reactive prepolymer containing hydroxy and epoxy groups are formed by heating the polyol and prepolymer in the presence of one another to yield the phase stable composition. The composition, when reacted with a polyisocyanate, yields poly(oxazolidone/urethane) thermoset compositions.

Abstract: 1,5-Dimethyl-1,2;5,6-diepoxycyclooctane is prepared by epoxidizing 1,5-dimethylcycloocta-1,5-diene with aqueous peracetic or perpropionic acid at a temperature not exceeding 50.degree. C. and within a pH range from 1.5 to 5.5.The diepoxide according to the invention can be cured by means of curing agents for epoxide resins to give moulded materials having valuable mechanical properties. It is also suitable for use as a reactive, latent diluent.