Abstract: A process for the preparation of a synthetic resin dispersion stabilized by a protective colloid employing at least one initiator and based on a polymer of (a) a first monomer of at least one ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and an alcohol containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms; and optionally, (b) a second monomer which can be copolymerized with the first monomers. The process comprises introducing at least 50% of the monomers based on the total weight of the monomers, at least 50% of the protective colloid based on the total weight of the protective colloid, and up to 50% of the initiator based on the total weight of the initiator into a reaction vessel to form an aqueous emulsion. Any remaining monomers and protective colloid and at least 50% of the initiator based on the total weight of the initiator are then added to the reaction vessel at a temperature of 30.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-insoluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-insoluble polymer.

Abstract: A waterborne coating composition contains a base neutralized, stable, aqueous dispersion of a hydroxyl functional acrylic polymer containing less than 1 percent acid, having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 4500 and having an acid value of at least about 1.5 and no greater than about 10 is prepared from a vinyl monomer component containing at least about 50 percent 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and at least one other comonomer. The proportion of each monomer is selected so that the resultant polymer forms stable dispersion in water without externally added surfactant. The coating composition also contains a crosslinking agent adapted to react with the hydroxyl groups of the acrylic polymer.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-soluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically clear xerogel polymer compositions containing an interpenetrant.

Abstract: A chloroprene rubber having a shade of white only slightly tinged with pale yellow and exhibiting good tackiness is prepared by an aqueous radical emulsion polymerization of chloroprene or a mixture comprised of chloroprene and a copolymerizable monomer, wherein the polymerization is effected by using an alkali metal salt of a disproportioned rosin acid as an emulsifier, and a water-soluble polymeric substance as a dispersion stabilizer which has a sulfonic acid group and/or sulfate ester groups, which group has been introduced by an addition polymerization procedure or by a procedure of a polymeric reaction following an addition polymerization.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of tapered copolymers by the nonaqueous dispersion polymerization of a mixture of 30 to 70% by weight of a conjugated diolefin monomer, preferably butadiene, and 30 to 70% by weight of a vinyl substituted aromatic monomer, preferably styrene, in a liquid hydrocarbon dispersion medium with an anionic initiator catalyst system in the presence of a block copolymeric dispersing agent. At least one block of the dispersing agent is prepared prior to the dispersion polymerization reaction and at least one block of the dispersing agent is prepared in situ during the dispersion copolymerization. The block of the dispersing agent that is prepared in situ has the polymer structure of the tapered copolymer.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparing a dispersions of water soluble cationic polymers in an aqueous salt solution is disclosed. The improvement comprises using as a polymeric dispersion stabilizer a water soluble hydrophobically associating copolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and a monomer selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## and alkyl esters of acrylic acid, where R.sub.1 is either hydrogen or CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; A.sub.1 is either an oxygen atom or NH; B.sub.1 is either an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxypropylene group, Q is benzyl, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl, and X.sub.1.sup.- is an anionic counterion.

Abstract: An activator for cyanoacrylate adhesives based on N,N-dialkyl aniline derivatives is provided. The activators are characterized by a molecular weight of more than 200 and by at most 3 carbon atoms for both N,N-dialkyl substituents together. Also provided are methods of production and use of the activator and to the combination product of the activator and the cyanoacrylate adhesive.

Abstract: Emulsifier-free synthetic resins and mixtures of synthetic resins with water are used as binders for water-borne printing inks and printing varnishes. The resins contain: (a) a polymer resin A containing acid groups which may have been neutralized or partially neutralized and can be prepared by in-situ polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing acid groups with further ethylenically unsaturated compounds and condensation with monohydroxy compounds and, if desired, neutralization or partial neutralization, and (b) if desired, a water-insoluble polymer resin B in the form of latex particles which can be prepared by emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of the polymer resin A.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-insoluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-insoluble polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to rosin carboxypyrrolidinone adducts. In particular, this invention relates to water-soluble resins derived from the reaction product of a modified rosin with a hydroxyl-containing carboxypyrrolidinone derivative. These resins can be used to make acrylic latex compositions which can, in turn, be utilized to produce water-based flexographic and gravure ink formulations.

Abstract: A process for forming dielectric particles includes admixing a vinyl halide monomer and a crosslinker in a liquid dispersion medium to form a first mixture. A second mixture of an initiator and a stabilizer is prepared and added to the first mixture to form a third mixture in which the monomer polymerizes to form white crystalline polymer particles which are sonified for uniformity. The particles may be stained by exposure to a dehydrohalegenation reagent and dispersed in an electrophoretic fluid for use in an electrophoretic display.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically clear xerogel polymer compositions containing an interpenetrant.

Abstract: A method for preparing aqueous polymer emulsions by effecting polymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of a stabilizing amount of a water soluble poly(N-vinylformamide) containing polymer as a protective colloid and aqueous polymer emulsions containing poly(N-vinylformamide) stablizer.

Abstract: Matrices for electrokinetic and chromatographic separations, based on a unique class of mono- and disubstituted (on the amido nitrogen) acrylamides (e.g., acrylamido-N-ethoxy ethanol, acrylamido-N,N-diethoxy ethanol) off erthe following advantages: a) strong resistance to the alkaline hydrolysis (most zone separations occurring at basic pH values); b) a high hydrophilicity; and c) greater porosity, due to the larger M.sub.r value of the monomers. Such matrices can be prepared as `chemically crosslinked` gels or as `physical` gels, the latter consisting of strings of monofunctional monomer in the absence of crosslinker, at concentrations above the entanglement threshold. It is moreover possible to further increment the gel porosity by polymerizing it in the presence of laterally aggregating agents (e.g., polyethylene glycol of M.sub.r 6-20,000 Da), thus obtaining matrices which allow better resolution of large M.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing a heat-resistant copolymer which comprises the emulsion polymerization of 50 to 75 parts by weight of .alpha.-methylstyrene, 5 parts by weight or less of styrene, 10 to 30 parts by weight of vinyl cyanide compound, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of ethylenically unsaturated amide, and 10 parts by weight or less of acrylic alkyl ester or methacrylic alkyl ester, in the presense of 1.0 to 30 parts of a seed latex which comprises 50 to 80 parts by weight of .alpha.-methylstyrene, 5 parts by weight or less of styrene, 15 to 30 parts by weight of vinyl cyanide compound, 10 parts by weight or less of ethylenically unsaturated amide and 10 parts by weight or less of acrylic alkyl ester or methacrylic ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing monodisperse poly(meth)acrylates by the method of precipitation polymerization, comprising polymerizingi) a monomer mixture comprising at least 60 wt. % of monomer of formula I ##STR1## where R represents hydrogen or methyl; andR.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-24 aryl group, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl substituted aryl group or an aralkyl group;ii) 0.1-10 wt. % based on the weight of the monomer mixture of a block copolymer having polystyrene components; andiii) 0.02-2 wt. % based on the weight of the monomer mixture of a percarbonic acid ester;in a halogen free solvent comprising 70 to 100 wt. % of cyclohexane.

Abstract: A method for producing a large size crosslinked polymer bead, which comprises dispersing a monomer phase composed essentially of a monovinyl monomer and a crosslinkable monomer in an aqueous phase containing a dispersion stabilizer and subjecting the dispersion to suspension polymerization in an oil-in-water system in the presence of a polymerization initiator, wherein: 1 at least one specific gravity-controlling agent having a specific gravity of more than 1.0 selected from the group consisting of water-insoluble inert organic solvents and water-insoluble linear polymers soluble in the monomer phase, is added to the monomer phase, and 2 if necessary, at least one specific gravity-controlling agent selected from the group consisting of water-soluble inorganic salts, is added to the aqueous phase, 3 to adjust the specific gravities (at 25.degree. C.) of the monomer phase and the aqueous phase in the ranges represented by the following formula (I):B-0.03<A<B+0.

Abstract: An activator for cyanoacrylate adhesives based on N,N-dialkyl aniline derivatives is provided. The activators are characterized by a molecular weight of more than 200 and by at most 3 carbon atoms for both N,N-dialkyl substituents together. Also provided are methods of production and use of the activator and to the combination product of the activator and the cyanoacrylate adhesive.

Abstract: Immobilized Lewis acid catalysts comprising a polymer having at least one Lewis acid immobilized within the polymer structure, said polymer having the monomer units represented by the structural formula: ##STR1## where D is OR', NH.sub.2, NHR', OM' or OM"; E is at least one Lewis acid residue, R is an alkyl group or cycloalkyl group; R.sup.2 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group, R' is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group, M' is an alkali metal and M" is an alkaline earth metal. The immobilized Lewis acid catalyst is useful in olefin polymerization and in alkylation or aromatic or isoparrafinic hydrocarbons with an olefin.

Abstract: A biomosaic polymer is provided. Biologically active materials are bound at surfaces of such polymers polymerized from emulsions containing hydrophobic polymerizable monomers, such biologically active materials, and surface active agents. The biomosaic polymers may be formed into membranes, films, beads, or other structures for a variety of assays, bioseparations, or catalyzed reactions and other uses. A single step polymerization of the emulsion provides significant retention of the biologically active material bound and congregated at surfaces of the polymer.

Abstract: A method for preparing powder of a vinyl chloride polymer comprises the steps of polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer or a vinyl monomer mixture mainly comprising vinyl chloride monomer in an aqueous medium and adding, to the polymerization system, a fluorine atom-containing nonionic surfactant in an amount ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride monomer or the vinyl monomer mixture mainly comprising vinyl chloride monomer after the rate of polymerization reaches at least 70% or fine powder of at least one inorganic substance having a particle size ranging from 0.001 to 50 .mu.m in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride monomer or the vinyl monomer mixture mainly comprising vinyl chloride monomer after the rate of polymerization reaches at least 70%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the dispersion copolymerization of 35 to 70% by weight of vinyl substituted aromatic monomer and 30 to 65% by weight of conjugated diene monomer comprising carrying out the copolymerization in a reaction mixture containing a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon dispersing medium, an anionic catalyst system, and a block copolymer dispersing agent comprising at least two polymer blocks wherein at least one of the polymer blocks is soluble in the dispersing medium and at least another of the polymer blocks is insoluble in the dispersing medium and the dispersing agent acts to disperse a random copolymer of vinyl substituted aromatics and conjugated dienes formed in the presence of the dispersing agent.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-insoluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-insoluble polymer.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising a crosslinkable copolymer, wherein the copolymer is the free radical polymerization product of a mixture of monomers in the presence of a terminally unsaturated oligomeric chain transfer catalyst. Such compositions have advantageous properties when used in a variety of products including high performance coatings.

Abstract: A process for preparing large dimension emulsion polymer particles and the polymer products of the process are disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention provides particles having a high aspect ratio, having a shape described by a long axis and an intersecting short axis. These particles range in shape from egg-like, through rod-like, up to extended filaments. In another embodiment, the invention relates to large, nearly spherical emulsion polymer particles.

Abstract: A method of preparing macromonomer compositions of a limited average molecular weight containing an olefinic polymerizable end group. The macromonomers may suitably comprise the polymerization product of methacrylate, methacrylonitrile, and methacrylamide monomers, derivatives thereof, and mixtures of such monomers.

Abstract: A method of making liquid toner for electrophotographic imaging by forming a mixture of a polyamide polymer, a good solvent therefor and a particulate pigment, heating the polymer/pigment/solvent mixture to form a solution thereof, cooling the resulting solution to precipitate fine polymer-encapsulated pigment particles of generally uniform size and morphology, removing the precipitated particles, removing the solvent and redispersing the resulting particles in dispersant medium along with a charge-control agent to form the liquid toner. A steric stabilizer can be added to the polymer-encapsulated pigment particle dispersion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for suspension polymerization of a vinyl polymer which comprises using as the suspending agent a polyvinyl ester polymer having an ionic group at an end thereof or a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a degree of hydrolysis of 90 mol % or less which is obtained by hydrolysis of the above polyvinyl ester polymer.According to the above-mentioned process, vinyl polymer granules having a sharp granulometric dispersion, high bulk density, high plasticizer absorption and low vinyl monomer residue are obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing acrylic polymers by means of aqueous suspension polymerization in the presence of 0.05-1% by weight, calculated on the suspension, of a stabilizer consisting of a polymer prepared by polymerization of: 60-100% by weight of a salt of a sulphoacrylamide of general formula: ##STR1## 0-40% by weight of at least an acrylic monomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the dispersion copolymerization of 35 to 70% by weight of vinyl substituted aromatic monomer and 30 to 65% by weight of conjugated diene monomer comprising carrying out the copolymerization in a reaction mixture containing a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon dispersing medium, an anionic catalyst system, and an "A" block of a copolymer dispersing agent, the dispersing agent having at least two polymer blocks wherein at least one of the polymer blocks is soluble in the dispersing medium and at least another of the polymer blocks is insoluble in the dispersing medium and is formed in situ.

Abstract: A process for making porous polymeric particles having high surface area includes suspending a discontinuous organic phase in an continuous aqueous phase, wherein the organic phase includes an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a water soluble phase extender and a surfactant in an amount effective to solubilize the water soluble phase extender in the monomer and wherein the aqueous phase includes a diffusion barrier agent for limiting mass transfer of the phase extender from the organic phase to the aqueous phase, and then polymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer to form the porous polymeric particles.

Abstract: A method for preparing aqueous polymer emulsions in the presence of a poly[(vinyl alcohol)-co-(vinyl amine)] copolymer as a protective colloid and aqueous polymer emulsions containing a poly[(vinyl alcohol)-co-(vinyl amine)] copolymer.

Abstract: The heterogeneous polymerization of water-soluble polymer in CO.sub.2 is disclosed. The method comprises providing a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising CO.sub.2, a monomer, and a surfactant, then polymerizing the monomer to form a water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of modified polyphenylene ether or structurally related polymers, comprising the reaction of polyphenylene ether or structurally related polymer with a cyclic acid anhydride, in the presence of a non nucleophilic base, and in an inert polar organic solvent and preferably in a vinyl substituted aromatic monomer as solvent; modified polyphenylene ethers so obtained and use of them for the manufacture of modified high temperature rigid poly(vinyl substituted aromatic) polymer compositions.

Abstract: A method for emulsion polymerization of butadiene comprises adding an acrylic latex to the emulsion polymerization medium in an amount effective to increase the average particle size of the resulting polybutadiene latex. The particles of the resulting polybutadiene latex may also exhibit a desirable spherical shape.

Abstract: An emulsifier for an inverse emulsion polymerization to be produce a water-soluble polymer composed of a mixture of a non-ionic oil-soluble surfactant and an N-alkyl lactam or polymer of a N-vinyl lactam. The emulsifier is extremely useful in polymerizations wherein a water-in-oil polymeric product is obtained since the product is easily inverted to a stable oil-in-water emulsion. Methods for polymerization processes using the inventive emulsifier as well as emulsions obtained therefrom are also disclosed.

Abstract: (Co)polymer particulates soluble in their corresponding (co)monomer composition, e.g., particulates of acrylic, methacrylic or styrene polymers, are produced by finely dispersing an aqueous phase including at least one polymerization initiator in an organic phase which comprises such (co)monomer composition and at least one nonsolvent for such (co)polymer which is miscible with such (co)monomer composition, and suspended emulsion polymerizing such mixed-phase polymerization recipe.

Abstract: A polyamide polymer and one of methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol are formed into a solution by heating at 70 degrees Celsius for approximately two hours, the resulting solution is cooled to precipitate the polymer as particles from said solution. Alternatively, a non-solvent to said polymer may be added to effect precipitation of said polymer particles. The solvent is removed and the particles isolated and dried to form a dry powder. Fine particulate material such as a pigment, may be included with the polymer and solvent in formation of the solution. The resulting solution may be cooled at a rapid rate to precipitate the particles as polymer-encapsulated pigment particles of generally uniform size and morphology, the surface characteristics such as surface area being controlled. The precipitated polymer particles may be classified when dispersed in a dispersant medium, as mono-dispersed particles.

Abstract: A improved method of free radical polymerization in an aqueous system, such as an emulsion or suspension process. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a relatively low molecular weight macromonomer such as can be made with a metal chelate chain transfer catalyst. This method is useful for reducing the molecular weight of a variety of polymers and copolymers, including acrylic and olefinic polymers.

Abstract: A method for forming fine polymer particles, including core/shell polymer composite particles and polymer-encapsulated liposome particles. A polymer solution is formed using a selective solvent which enables the polymer to be precipitated from the solution upon a change in condition thereof. The change in condition may be effected by lowering of the temperature of the solution and/or introducing a non-solvent to the solution. With respect to the formation of the polymer-encapsulated liposome particles, the liposome particles are included when the polymer solution is formed.

Abstract: Emulsion polymers which are prepared by free-radical polymerisation of monomers in the presence ofa) polymers of the formulae ##STR1## wherein the radicals have the meanings given in the description, and b) low-molecular anionic emulsifiers,are outstandingly suitable as surface sizes for paper. They are distinguished by a low tendency to foaming and by a wide application spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating solution for preventing adhesion of polymer scale and a method for preventing scale adhesion during preparation of polymers which can provide polymers having high quality without coloring thereof while preventing adhesion of polymer scale to a polymerizer when a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond is polymerized. A coating solution for preventing adhesion of polymer scale which comprises anaphthoquinone natural dyestuffs, anthraquinone natural dyestuffs, tannin natural dyestuffs, xanthone natural dyestuffs, flavonoid natural dyestuffs, or/and benzoquinone natural dyestuffs and a polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification of not less than 70 mole % was applied on at least a part of a polymerizer which comes in contact with a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond and was dried to give a coating film during polymerization thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns preparation of porous copolymer beads by a seeded polymerization process employing gel copolymer seed particles. The process comprises initially providing a plurality of gel-type copolymer seed particles prepared by polymerization of at least one first monovinylidene monomer and a first cross-linking monomer. A second monomer mixture comprising at least one second monovinylidene monomer, a second cross-linking monomer, and a phase-separating diluent is thereafter imbibed by the seed particles and polymerized therein. The process is characterized by selecting the first monovinylidene monomers such that the phase-separating diluent and second monovinylidene monomers are capable of being imbibed by the seed particles in an amount sufficient to form a porous copolymer. The porous copolymer beads produced have stable polymeric structures and good physical properties that render them useful in preparing ion-exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents.

Abstract: Foamable photodegradable suspension polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers may be prepared by dissolving a copolymer of a vinyl aromatic monomer and a vinyl ketone in the vinyl aromatic monomer and suspension polymerizing the resulting mixture. The resulting polymer may be foamed and used in the manufacture of food containers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of highly crosslinked polymer particles from polymerizable vinyl monomers comprising 15% by weight or more of a crosslinking vinyl monomer. The process comprises: providing an organic solvent, a mixture of organic solvents, or a mixture of at least one organic solvent and water which can dissolve the polymerizable vinyl monomers but cannot dissolve the polymer which is produced by the polymerization of the polymerizable vinyl monomers, the solubility in water of the polymerizable vinyl monomer being not more than 30% by weight, dispersing the polymerizable vinyl monomers into the organic solvent, the mixture of organic solvents, or the mixture of the at least one organic solvent and water, and polymerizing the polymerizable vinyl monomers in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer and a radical polymerization initiator. The crosslinked polymer particles have a comparatively uniform particle size within the particle size range of 0.1-10 .mu.m.

Abstract: A method of preventing polymer scale deposition during polymerization of a monomer having an ethylenically double bond in a polymerization vessel, comprising the step of carrying out said polymerization in a polymerization vessel of which the inner wall surface has a coating comprising:(A) a water-soluble nitrogen-containing cationic polymeric compound, and(B) a water-soluble anionic polymeric compound; and a polymer scale preventive agent comprising said (A) and (B). Polymer scale deposition is effectively prevented, and polymers with high whiteness can be prepared.

Abstract: An emulsifier for an inverse emulsion polymerization to be produce a water-soluble polymer composed of a mixture of a non-ionic oil-soluble surfactant and an N-alkyl lactam or polymer of a N-vinyl lactam. The emulsifier is extremely useful in polymerizations wherein a water-in-oil polymeric product is obtained since the product is easily inverted to a stable oil-in-water emulsion. Methods for polymerization processes using the inventive emulsifier as well as emulsions obtained therefrom are also disclosed.

Abstract: Foamable photodegradable suspension polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers may be prepared by dissolving a copolymer of a vinyl aromatic monomer and a vinyl ketone in the vinyl aromatic monomer and suspension polymerizing the resulting mixture. The resulting polymer may be foamed and used in the manufacture of food containers.