Abstract: A method for making an aqueous polyurethane-vinyl polymer dispersion which comprises:(a) forming a carboxy-containing, water-dispersible, isocyanate terminated polyurethane prepolymer,(b) adding a vinyl monomer composition which includes a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer to the prepolymer to form a prepolymer/monomer mixture,(c) adding a tertiary amine to the prepolymer/monomer mixture,(d) dispersing the prepolymer/monomer mixture in water,(e) adding an oil soluble free radical initiator and a chain-extender to the aqueous dispersion, and(f) polymerizing the vinyl monomer and completing chain extension of the prepolymer by heating the aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: A method for producing polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution which involves combining (1) an initiator component of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups, and can be the same or different, and X is an acetate, etherate, a hydroxyl group, or a halogen, and i is a positive whole number, (2) a Lewis acid of the formula MX.sub.n in which M is titanium, aluminum, boron, or tin, X is a halogen, and n is a positive whole number, (3) an electron donor component having an electron donor number of from at least about 25 to no more than about 50, (4) a solvent for the preceding and (5) a hydrocarbon monomer component.

Abstract: A process for producing a macromolecular monomer, which comprises anionic polymerization of a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer by using, as a polymerization initiator, a compound represented by the following general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein M.sup.+ is a quaternary ammonium ion; .phi.is a phenylene group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each an electron withdrawing group stabilizing the carbanion C.sup.-, or one of them is said electron withdrawing group and the other is an alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group; and n is an integer of 0-6.

Abstract: For the preparation of copolymers of ethylene, ethylene is polymerized with esters of vinyl alcohol in the absence of solvents and emulsifiers and in the presence of free radical acceptors. The addition of free radical acceptors makes it possible to increase the polymerization temperature in comparison to a procedure without the use of free radical acceptors.

Abstract: Novel hydroxy containing fluorovinyl ethers, polymers of hydroxy containing fluorovinyl ethers, novel cyclic ethers, copolymers of selected hydroxy containing fluorovinyl ethers, a process for reducing ester containing fluorovinyl compounds to the corresponding alcohol with borohydrides, and a process for polymerizing hydroxy containing fluorovinyl ethers are disclosed.

Abstract: Toughened bismaleimide resin systems capable of preparing carbon fiber reinforced composites having compression after impact strengths of greater than 40 Ksi are prepared from bismaleimide matrix resin systems containing a member of a limited set of soluble thermoplastic polyimides in particulate form.

Abstract: Bis-sulfonium, -selenonium, -arsonium, -ammonium, and -phosphonium salts useful as photoinitiators, comprise:an aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic group which absorbs UV or visible radiation and which exhibits a higher energy occupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent attached to each of the S, Se, As, N or P atoms of said salt;at least one substituent, attached to each of the S, Se, As, N or P atoms of said salt, which comprises an electron-withdrawing group which causes the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital to be localized on the substituent and the S, Se, As, N or P atom of the salt;an insulating group which links said aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic group to each of the S, Se, As, N, or P atoms of said salt, said insulating group essentially preventing .pi.

Abstract: A process in which selected vinyl monomers, such as acrylic esters and acids, and chloroprene are polymerized by contacting them with an aryl diazotate or a metal cyanate in the presence of certain halogenated organic compounds. The process is especially useful for preparing block copolymers.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing a highly water absorptive polymer, which comprises making up a mixture (A) comprising an aqueous solution of (a) a partially neutralized product of acrylic acid with 20% or more of carboxylic groups being neutralized to an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt, (b) a crosslinking agent having two or more copolymerizable vinyl groups in one molecule, (c) a basic vinyl monomer in a quantity of 20 mol % or less based on said partially neutralized product of acrylic acid, (d) a nonionic surfactant with HLB of 7 or more and (e) an oxidative radical polymerization initiator, said mixture (A) being maintained at a temperature of 50.degree. C. or lower, and a mixture (B) comprising an amine or a reducing agent dissolved in water or in said mixture (A) from which at least the component (e) is removed, and mixing both the mixtures to cause polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a one part, sealant composition preferably comprising a free isocyanate functionalized polyacrylate. The unblocked isocyanate is surprisingly stable even in the presence of a blocked amine curing agent. Upon exposure to ambient conditions, the blocked amine will react with ambient humidity to provide an amine which in turn will react with the polyacrylate isocyanate, thereby curing the sealant and providing exceptional sealant properties. The most preferred blocked amine curative is a ketimine.

Abstract: Benzyl pyridinium or ammonium salts of a non-nucleophilic anion are useful as a cationic polymerization initiator having a heat latency. A variety of resinous compositions containing this initiator is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing ethylene copolymer using ethylene and at least a comonomer of unsaturated glycidyl monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator, wherein the undesirable thermal polymerization of the unsaturated glycidyl monomer in the preparation system can be avoided and the operation can be continued for a long period of time in a stable condition. The method is characterized in that at least two kinds of polymerization inhibitors are used and the inhibition factor of one polymerization inhibitor added to the unsaturated glycidyl monomer is smaller than that of another polymerization inhibitor added to the lubricating oil for compressors and the unsaturated glycidyl monomer containing 100 to 2000 ppm of a polymerization inhibitor is introduced from the inlet side of a high pressure compressor into the reaction system and the lubricating oil containing 0.1 to 10% by weight of a polymerization inhibitor is used for the high pressure compressor.

Abstract: A method of preventing polymer scale deposition in a polymerization vessel during polymerization of a monomer having an ethylenically double bond, wherein said polymerization is carried out in a polymerization of which the inner wall has been previously coated with a coating solution comprising:(A) an aromatic amine-based condensate,(B) at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and ammonium salts of a sulfonation product prepared by sulfonation of an aromatic amine-based condensate, and(C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of metal compounds, inorganic colloids, dyes and pigments; a scale preventive agent comprising the components (A), (B) and (C); and a polymerization vessel having a coating comprising the scale preventive agent. According the method, polymer scale deposition on the inner wall, etc. of the polymerization vessel can be effectively prevented.

Abstract: Vinyl polymers, e.g., the homo- and copolyvinyl chlorides, are prepared in one or more stages, to a degree of conversion of at least 50%, by suspended emulsion polymerizing at least one vinyl monomer, e.g., vinyl chloride, said at least one monomer having dispersed therein finely divided droplets of an aqueous solution of at least one component of a polymerization initiating system, and wherein the amount of water in said aqueous solution constitutes at least 19%, and preferably at least 20% by weight of the at least one monomer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for polymerizing vinyl monomers, the improvement comprising using an amine having a functionally effective amount of .alpha.-hydrogens to act as an initiator site and as a crosslinking site for development of a polymer chain. The amine compound acts as a reducing agent in a redox pair initiator system and has a sufficient number of .alpha.-hydrogens available for oxidation to render polymer chain growth from more than two locations on the amine. Through the various available .alpha.-hydrogens and thus polymer chains, the amine compound imparts crosslinking in the polymer and simultaneously acts as an initiator site for polymerization. The crosslinking is therefore produced out from the initiator/crosslinker, instead of by linking existing or growing polymer chains together. The method by which the crosslinking occurs in the present invention is thought to decrease the number of dangling chains present when conventional polymerization methods are used.

Abstract: (Meth)acrylic ester formulations employing peroxy initiators have accelerated cure rates when the substrates to which they are applied, or the compositions themselves, include xanthate, dithiocarbamate or dithiophosphate salts of transition metals together with a sulfimide or similar co-accelerator compound.

Abstract: A method is provided for the direct synthesis of novel polymeric materials functionalized with desirable nitrogen-containing functional groups such as terminal azido, cyano, carbonylamino or thiocarbonylamino groups. Polymerization and functionalization occur in a substantially simultaneous manner. All necessary reactants for the functionalization are present when polymerization is initiated. The nitrogen-containing functional group is provided as a part of a molecule having a release moiety which is preferably resonance stabilized or a tertiary alkyl type and which acts to aid the nitrogen-containing species in functioning as a leaving group.

Abstract: A homogeneous, random interpolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester having a melt flow rate in the range of about 0.1 to about 300 g/10 minutes, as determined by ASTM D-1238 (190.degree. C./2160 g), is improved during its manufacture when made in a substantially constant environment in a stirred autoclave under substantially steady-state conditions of temperature, pressure, and flow rates, said temperature and pressure being sufficient to produce a single phase reaction, using a free-radical initiator, said improvement being obtained by the use of a minor amount of a telogenic modifier in the reaction mixture, the process being further characterized by the use of either, or both, of (a) a temperature which is lower than that which would be required without the presence of the telogen, or (b) a pressure which is higher than that which would be required without the presence of the modifier.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, improved acrylic copolymer resins are provided which are formed by co-polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising hydroxy-substituted alkyl (meth)acrylates, alkyl methacrylates or vinyl aromatics, and higher alpha-olefins. The invention provides improved low molecular weight acrylic resins useful as components in high solids acrylic coatings suitable for electrostatic spraying.

Abstract: A monomer which is hardly souble in water is effectively emulsion polymerized or copolymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiating source when the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a monovalent cation.

Abstract: Resinous microparticles useful in toner for electrophotography which are made of vinyl resin obtained by emulsion polymerization of at least one .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of cationic surfactant having an onium salt structure and a polymerization initiator having an amidine or amidine salt structure and whose average particle diameter is in a range of from 0.01 to 1.mu., and toner composition comprising toner particles and resinous microparticles as abovementioned are provided.

Abstract: Polymer particles which carry, implanted on their surface, amphiphilic molecules carrying ion-forming or reactive groups, and dispersions thereof, which may be prepared by contacting a latex of particles of a polymer having a glass transition temperature Tg greater than about 40.degree. C., with an amphiphilic compound having an HLB greater than or equal to 10 and a molecular weight greater than or equal to 400. The contacting is carried out at a temperature within the glass transition zone of the polymer, until enmeshing of the polymer chains and of the hydrophobic blocks of the amphiphilic compound has been achieved. The hydrophilic block of the amphiphilic compound carries at least one ion-forming or reactive group. The particles and their dispersions are useful in biological applications.

Abstract: A high molecular weight ethylene copolymer is prepared by high-pressure copolymerization of ethylene with an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride or a derivative thereof in the presence of a tertiary organic monoamine, preferably from 10 to 100 mol % thereof, based on the unsaturated carboxylic acid used, and can be used for preparing adhesion promoters and cable sheathing.

Abstract: A high molecular weight ethylene copolymer is prepared by high-pressure copolymerization of ethylene with an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride or a derivative thereof in the presence of a tertiary organic monoamine, preferably from 10 to 100 mol % thereof, based on the unsaturated carboxylic acid used, and can be used for preparing adhesion promoters and cable sheathing.

Abstract: Polymer particles possessing, implanted on their surface, amphiphilic molecules carrying ion-forming or reactive groups, and dispersions thereof, prepared by diffusing, into a previously prepared aqueous seeding dispersion of polymer particles, an organosoluble polymerization initiator, swelling the particles of the dispersion thus obtained by introducing a monomer composition comprising at least one monomer and at least one amphiphilic compound, and polymerizing the monomer composition.

Abstract: An improved coating for heat resistant substrates is an aqueous dispersion of polymers prepared by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of radical formers and emulsifiers, wherein the emulsifiers are polyisocyanate addition products having a molecular weight below 20,000 and containing from 5 to 1000 milliequivalents of anionic structures corresponding to the following formula--NH--CO--N.sup..crclbar. --C.tbd.Nincorporated therein per 100 g of solids content.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydroxyl-containing polymers comprising polymerizing at least one free radical-polymerizable monomer in the presence of at least one monohydroxy-containing chain transfer agent and at least one hydroxy-containing free radical initiator. The method results in monohydroxy-functional polymers in yields in excess of 90%.

Abstract: Novel anionic polymeric hydrogels based on sulfonated amino aldehyde resins and a process for preparing such hydrogels are described. The hydrogels may include poly(N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone) and other additives. Such hydrogels may be prepared by a four step process in which melamine and/or urea are reacted with formaldehyde, sulfonated, condensed to form a viscous gel and dried.

Abstract: A method of producing polymer particles having a particle size distribution of .+-.25% with respect to each average particle size in an amount of 95 wt. % or more, within the average particle sizes ranging from 1 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, is disclosed, which comprises the steps of: (1) adding a polymer dispersion stabilizer in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt. % to a hydrophilic organic liquid in which the polymeric dispersion stabilizer is soluble; (2) adding thereto at least one vinyl monomer in an amount of not more than 50 times by weight the amount of the polymeric dispersion stabilizer, which monomer is soluble in the hydrophilic organic liquid, but a polymer synthesized from the monomer being swelled or substantially insoluble in the hydrophilic organic liquid; and (3) polymerizing the monomer under the condition that the amount of the vinyl monomer is 200 wt. % or less of the hydrophilic organic liquid.

Abstract: A process for manufacture of polymers comprising suspension polymerization of at least one vinyl monomer in the presence of from about 0.01% to about 0.4% by weight, based on the total monomer content, of at least one hydrophobically modified water-soluble, nonionic cellulose ether polymer and an inert electrolyte, and polymers prepared by same.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrophilic polymeric beads by suspension polymerization of one or more hydrophilic monomers and a cross-linking monomer in the presence of a free radical initiator and a regenerator amine at a temperature between 15.degree. and 35.degree. C. The beads are useful as abrasives in various cleaning compositions.

Abstract: The invention comprises an improved process for polymerization of vinyl monomers using novel multi-sited hydrazone initiators. The hydrazones are especially useful for initiation of polymerization processes for preparation of branched and cross-linked vinyl.

Abstract: Improved method for the production of polymethacrylates by a rapid polymerization, which comprises polymerizing an unsaturated monomer selected from a methacrylate and a monomer mixture comprising predominantly a methacrylate which may partially contain a polymer of the monomer (i.e. a syrup of the monomer or monomer mixture) in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, a reducing compound containing sulfur in the molecule thereof, a copper-containing compound and a specific tertiary amine hydrohalogenate or a quaternary ammonium halide. Said polymethacrylates can give molded products having excellent mold release characteristics and are useful particularly for the production of optical parts such as conventional lenses, Fresnel's lens, optical recording disc media, prisms, mirrors, etc.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing novel hydrophobically associating terpolymers containing cationic functionality which are useful for clean-up of waste waters containing organic contaminants. These water soluble polymers contain both water soluble and water insoluble monomers. The water soluble monomers are acrylamide (AM) and a salt of an unsaturated amine base (C) and the water insoluble monomer is a higher alkyl(meth)acrylamide or alkyl(meth)acrylate (R). These polymers are referred to as CRAM. The process for their preparation relies on solubilizing the water insoluble monomer into an aqueous micellar solution containing one or more surfactants and the water soluble monomers. The surfactants are specifically selected to enable homogeneous dispersion of the hydrophobic monomer(s) in the presence of cationic monomers, such as 3-methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), 2-methylacrylatoethyltrimethylammonium chloride (METAC), or diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (DMDAAC).

Abstract: A polymerization process which comprises contacting at least one polar acrylic type or maleimide monomer under polymerization conditions with (i) a tetracoordinate organosilicon, organotin or organogermanium initiator having at least one initiating site, (ii) a co-catalyst which is a source of fluoride, bifluoride, cyanide or azide ions or a Lewis acid, and (iii) from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of monomer, of acetonitrile.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an acrylic polymer containing an N-methylolamide group an amine group and an acid group; said polymer is useful in inks or varnishes that can be applied effectively to varied substrates such as paper and polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, an improved method for preparing acrylic copolymer resins is provided in which the polymerization solvent includes an internal olefin. The monomers comprise hydroxy-substituted alkyl (meth)acrylates, and non-hydroxy substituted alkyl (meth)acrylates, and the process provides an improved method for forming low molecular weight acrylic resins useful as components in high solids acrylic coatings suitable for electrostatic spraying. The polymerization solvent can remain in the resin to become the solvent employed in the higher solids coating containing the thus-formed acrylic resins and provides surprisingly improved electrical resistivity and color decreased over previously used polymerization solvents, and has good compatibility with the acrylic monomer/resin system.

Abstract: Unsaturated silylated vinyl alcohol polymers, derivatives thereof, and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new polyacrylamide adhesive suitable for the fixing of fine-particle sorbent layers based on organic and/or inorganic compounds, used in overpressured one- and multilayer chromatographic procedures.The said adhesive is prepared by polymerizing the aqueous solutions of acrylamide and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide in the presence of a catalyst pair at from 21.degree. to 30.degree. C., pulpifying the precipitate thus obtained and repeating the precipitation and the pulpification more times.

Abstract: Improved process of polymerizing a polar monomer with selected initiators and catalysts, the improvement consisting of having present a chain transfer agent having a pKa greater than 18 but less than 25 and containing at least one reactive hydrogen atom which terminates the growth of "living" polymer.

Abstract: Products formed from chlorosulfonyl isocyanate either by sequentially reaction of a hydroxy functional compound followed by reaction of the sulfonyl chloride group with a primary or secondary amine, or by reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate with an excess of primary or secondary amine, are cure accelerators for acrylic compositions. Depending on the choice of alcohol or amine, the accelerator may be functionalized so that it is bound or bindable to an organic or silicone polymer backbone or contains other desirable functionality such as peroxy, photosensitizer, or acrylic groups.

Abstract: Tris(disubstituted amino)sulfonium perfluorocarbanion salts, process for their preparation and the use thereof as catalysts in group transfer polymerization.

Abstract: Polymeric dyes having pendent chromophore groups which are selected from azo, tricyanovinyl, anthraquinone, methine, and indoaniline groups fall into two classes, [A] condensation polymers, and [B] polymers derived from copolymerized ethylenically-unsaturated monomers, the dyes being capable of undergoing thermoplastic deformation by a focused laser beam when in a layer of thickness in the range of 0.1 to 100 micrometers and having an absorptivity in the range of 10 to 250 Lg.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1. They are film-forming, thermally- and light-stable, and solvent-coatable. These compounds are useful as coloring and light-absorbing agents, particularly as the light-absorbing agents in thin optical recording layers.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a sticky water-soluble polymer, e.g. acrylamide polymers and acrylic acid polymers, which comprises polymerizing an aqueous solution of a monomer in a polymerization vessel of which the surface contacting the aqueous monomer solution is covered with a tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer film, whereby the stickiness of the produced polymer to the vessel is remarkably decreased, namely the peelability of the polymer from the vessel is remarkably improved, and moreover the polymerization conversion is remarkably improved. Also, the use of a metal deposited tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer film as a covering material improves the efficiency of a photopolymerization and enables to use a polymerization vessel made of an inexpensive material.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition is provided which comprises a plurality of different phosphazene compounds of the general formula (P=N).sub.n (R).sub.a (R').sub.b (R").sub.c (R'").sub.d wherein R is at least one alkoxy moiety described by the general formula --OCH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.y X, with X being hydrogen or fluorine and y being equal to 1 to about 10; R', R" and R'" are different aryloxy moieties, each of R', R" and R'" being selected from the group consisting of phenoxy, alkoxy phenoxys, alkyl phenoxys, chlorinated phenoxys, fluorinated phenoxys, aryl phenoxys, phenoxy phenoxys, fluoroalkyl phenoxys, fluoroalkoxy phenoxys, chlorinated phenoxy phenoxys, fluorinated phenoxy phenoxys and mixtures thereof; n is equal to 3 to about 4 for each of said phosphazene compounds, each of a, b, c and d is equal to or greater than zero such that the sum a+b+c+d is equal to 2n; and for the composition as a whole, the average value of each of a, b, c and d is greater than 0.

Abstract: Polymerizable acrylic monomers, and anaerobic adhesives which contain such monomers, wherein the acrylic monomers contain internal chain unsaturation in addition to terminal acrylic unsaturation.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in a process for conducting PTFE dispersion polymerization, comprising use of tertiary perfluorinated compounds as rate enhancing additives.

Abstract: Polyimide resins suitable for use as composite matrix materials are formed by copolymerization of maleic and norbornenyl endcapped monomers and oligomers. The copolymers can be cured at temperatures under about 300.degree. C. by controlling the available concentration of the maleic end-capped reactant. This control can be achieved by adding sufficient amounts of said maleic reactant, or by chemical modification of either copolymer, so as to either increase Diels-Alder retrogression of the norbornenyl capped reactant and/or holding initiation and polymerization to a rate compatible with the availability of the maleic-capped reactant.

Abstract: An adhesive composition comprising an alpha-cyanoacrylate monomer and a phosphazene compound incorporated therein and improved in storage stability without deterioration of the adhesion rate and the adhesive strength.

Abstract: Polyimide resins suitable for use as composite matrix materials are formed by copolymerization of maleic and norbornenyl end-capped monomers and oligomers. The copolymers can be cured at temperatures under about 300.degree. C. by controlling the available concentration of the maleic end-capped reactant. This control can be achieved by adding sufficient amounts of said maleic reactant, or by chemical modification of either copolymer, so as to either increase Diels-Alder retrogression of the norbornenyl-capped reactant and/or holding initiation and polymerization to a rate compatible with the availability of the maleic-capped reactant.