Abstract: A curing composition consisting of two components, one of the components comprising a vinyl monomer and an initiator of polymerization, the other component comprising an accelerator of polymerization, characterized in that the composition further comprises a redox indicator having E.sub.o from above +0.01 to below +0.76 volts and R.sub.H from 13.5 to 28.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactand, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactant, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactant, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactand, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactand, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Polymerizable acrylic monomers, and anaerobic adhesives which contain such monomers, wherein the acrylic monomers contain internal chain unsaturation in addition to terminal acrylic unsaturation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an acrylic curable composition of improved flexibility that cures rapidly at room temperature in the presence of acrylic catalysts. The composition comprises between about 70% and 95% by weight dicyclopentenyl oxyethyl methacrylate and between about 5% and 30% of a linear polyalkylene glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate cross-linking agent. Excellent flexibility and strength are achieved by use of the named cross-linking agents within the critical range set forth.

Abstract: A rapid setting .alpha.-cyanoacrylate based adhesive composition having an improved polymerization catalyst therein.

Abstract: The terpolymers disclosed herein comprise 60-87 percent by weight butadiene, 10-30 percent styrene and 3-15 percent N, N-dialkylacrylamide in the polymer molecules. These are prepared by emulsion polymerization using a free radical generating initiator system. These terpolymers have excellent green strength and are useful in tire compositions.

Abstract: By adding substances corresponding to the following general formula I ##STR1## in which X=O, S or N--R.sub.5 ; R.sub.1 =hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.19 -alkenyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene phenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkenyl; R.sub.2 =hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkenyl, phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene phenyl; R.sub.3 =hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.19 -alkenyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene phenyl, acryl formyl or acetyl; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 =same or different, C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.19 -alkenyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene phenyl, acryl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkenyl; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 may also form a C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 -ring which may optionally contain an oxygen atom in ether form and the radicals R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may form a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -alkylene bridge or a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -alkenylene bridge, the radicals R.sub.

Abstract: Anaerobic compositions are disclosed which employ meta-toluidine compounds as activators.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved process for initiating radical reactions employing a class of hydroximic acid derivatives as initiators. Radical reactions initiated by such hydroximic acid derivatives include copolymerization of unsaturated polyester resins and cross-linking of polyethylene. The initiators of the present disclosure have a higher degradation temperature than found with typical peroxides.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein provides a process for preparing a diene-containing synthetic rubber having improved green strength which includes the steps of charging a reaction vessel with water, an emulsifier, an initiator, an N-(alkoxymethyl)acrylamide monomer and a monomer containing a vinyl group, purging the vessel with an inert gas, charging a diene monomer and an activator to the vessel, polymerizing the monomers to form a copolymer; and, thereafter extracting the copolymer from the vessel and any unreacted monomers. A styrene-butadiene composition containing up to about 10 percent by weight of N-(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide exhibits better stress-strain properties than a comparable styrene-butadiene rubber without the acrylamide compound.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing olefinic monomeric material comprising adding a novel water-soluble free-radical initiator-phase transfer agent complex to an organic liquid comprising free-radical polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomeric material and activating the same therein to produce free-radicals.

Abstract: Continuous process for the preparation of water-soluble polymers in which highly concentrated monomer solutions may be polymerized by a combination of a visible light and a thermally initiated process.

Abstract: In the production of a dried acrylamide polymer by polymerizing, in an aqueous medium, acrylamide alone or a monomer mixture comprising 50 mole % or more of acrylamide and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith with a radical initiator, and then drying the resulting hydrous acrylamide polymer, the allowing of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole to be present in the drying step or a step prior thereto enables the dried acrylamide polymer having a high molecular weight and a good dissolvability in water to be obtained.

Abstract: Soluble, polymerizable oligomers having a number average molecular weight of from about 200 to about 10,000, are obtained by treating triethynylbenzene with an oxygen-carrying, amine-basic cupric salt complex catalyst in the presence of a molar excess over the monomer of an aromatic monacetylenic capping agent. The oligomers are used to form polymers which are adhesives and coatings.

Abstract: A process for reducing the color of styrene-acrylonitrile polymers comprising polymerizing a feedstream of styrene and acrylonitrile monomers, optionally admixed with a diluent, in the presence of an unsymmetrical tertiary-aliphatic-alpha-cyano-azoalkane catalyst, said feedstream being substantially oxygen-free and said feedstream being maintained within a polymerization zone for a limited time.

Abstract: The resistance of polyvinyl chloride resins to the development of yellow to orange reversible discoloration when heated in the presence of water at moderately elevated temperatures above 80.degree. C. up to about 160.degree. C. is improved by combining therewith an N,N'-diphenyl urea. Such reversible discoloration is not associated with any heat instability, and the resistance of the polyvinyl chloride resin to deterioration when heated at processing temperatures of 150.degree. C. and above is then improved by incorporation of the usual polyvinyl chloride resin heat stabilizers.

Abstract: An amphoteric polyelectrolyte which is useful as a paper additive capable of imparting dry strength to paper, a high molecular flocculant, a high molecular dehydrating agent or the like is prepared by copolymerizing a cationic vinyl monomer such as .beta.-methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride, an anionic vinyl monomer such as acrylic acid and a vinyl monomer such as acrylamide, optionally with a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylonitrile, in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrocolloidal dispersions of random interpolymer compositions that have a capacity for absorbing water in amounts of from 10 to 125 times their own weight or greater and are also bacteriostatic are prepared by the polymerization in aqueous medium of a mixture of monomers comprising (1) up to about 90% by weight of an ester of an .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol having a terminal quaternary ammonium group and (2) at least one .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated comonomer in the presence of a crosslinking agent comprising a difunctional monomer derived from an .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid. The interpolymer compositions can be used for binding or coating nonwoven fabrics including paper to improve water absorbency, or cast into a structurally self-supporting film.

Abstract: Described is a rubber composition comprising dibromopolybutadiene and the reaction product between aliphatic polyamines and polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides. The compositions are preferably used as low temperature adhesives or sealers.

Abstract: The invention is a process for anionically polymerizing vinyl monomers comprising contacting a vinyl monomer with an electrolytically reduced graphite having formed therein a Graphite R.sub.4 N.sup.+ intercalation compound wherein Graphite is a graphite anion radical and each R is alkyl, preferably alkyl having not more than 8 carbon atoms, to form vinyl polymer. The reduced graphite for polymerizing the vinyl monomers is prepared by electrochemical reduction of a graphite cathode in a polar aprotic solvent containing a quaternary ammonium salt electrolyte to form a graphite anion associated with a quaternary ammonium cation intercalated in the graphite. When the electrolysis is completed the graphite cathode is removed from the electrolysis cell, rinsed and contacted with vinyl monomer either dissolved in a solvent or neat to cause the polymer formation.

Abstract: A highly dispersed emulsion of an organosulfur compound is obtained by use of a coemulsification system of a surfactant, and an electrolyte, and a cosurfactant and optionally a hydrocarbon; such as a petroleum sulfonate with potassium chloride and hexyl alcohol. Conversion of organosulfur compounds into highly dispersed emulsions increases the reactivity of the organosulfur compound as a molecular weight modifier in an aqueous emulsion polymerization system and permits the efficient use of high molecular weight organosulfur compounds.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for preparation of polymers, grafted polymers, and copolymers from olefins substituted by polar groups (ester, nitrile, or aryl) or from dienes, wherein the polymerization is initiated by the system formed by mixing of an organic amide of alkaline metal with an alkaline metal alkoxide. The organic amide is derived from primary or secondary amines or polyamines, or from tertiary polyamines containing at least one primary or secondary amino group. These amines contain N-C or N-Si bonds, 1-4000 C atoms and 1-1000 N atoms in a molecula, or have the molecular weight below 100,000. The alkoxides are derived from C.sub.3 -C.sub.16 alcohols. The polymerizations are carried out at -80.degree. to +80.degree. C. (advantageously at +20.degree. C.), at the monomer/organic amide molar ratio 5-1500, at the molar ratio alkoxide/amide 0.5-10, and in hydrocarbon or ether solvents.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing globular, hydrophilic copolymers which have reticulated internal structures and are suitable for gas and gel chromatography. The method comprises polymerization by suspension polymerization methods of hydrophilic and hydrophilic monomers in aqueous medium in the presence of a component which prevents transfer of the hydrophilic monomer into the aqueous medium and the solubility of the aqueous medium in the monomeric phase.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquid adhesive and/or sealing compositions capable of hardening or curing under exclusion of oxygen comprising dicyclopentenyloxyethyl acrylate and/or methacrylate and an organic peroxy compound having 3 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of organic peroxides and organic hydroperoxides, preferably the latter, and an imide or amine accelerator.

Abstract: Compositions useful as multi-purpose lubricant and functional fluid additives and as thickeners and antisag additives for resins, paints and the like are prepared by free radical polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an oil-soluble dispersant. The carboxylic dispersants are preferred, especially esters of hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids wherein the substituent contains at least about 30 carbon atoms and the reaction products of such acids or their derivatives with amines, usually polyalkylene polyamines.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a half ester characterized by the following empirical formula: ##STR1## wherein n is a number having an average value of 1.7 to 2, and m is equal to 2-n. Also described herein is a composition comprising said half ester, maleic anhydride and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, wherein at least 75 mole percent of the half ester is in the maleate form.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new and improved quiescent polymerization process which produces spherical beads of polymer having excellent porosity and unusually high bulk density. The process comprises polymerizing discrete droplets of liquid monomer containing a monomer-soluble free radical type catalyst while suspended in an aqueous mucilage having plastic flow properties and in the presence of a nonionic surfactant having the proper Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB), such as, for example, sorbitan monooleate. The porous bead polymers have the advantage of providing for lower cost bulk shipping, better extrusion feed, and for easy monomer stripping.

Abstract: Amines, amides and amidines work as accelerators for polymerization reactions with initiators of the 1.2-diphenyl ethane type.

Abstract: Polymerizable acrylic monomers, and anaerobic adhesives which contain such monomers, wherein the acrylic monomers contain internal chain unsaturation in addition to terminal acrylic unsaturation.

Abstract: An acrylic copolymer vulcanizate, which is a sulfur-vulcanized product of an acrylic copolymer, the acrylic copolymer being obtained by the radical polymerization of a monomeric mixture consisting essentially of 100 parts by weight of at least one acrylic acid ester of an aliphatic alcohol containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms and about 1 to about 15 parts by weight of a 5-substituted-2-norbornene of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents .dbd.CH--CH.sub.2).sub. x CH.sub.3, in which x is 0 to 4, or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, in the presence of about 0.05 to about 3.0 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the monomeric mixture, of a sulfur vulcanization accelerator which does not cause degradative chain transfer.

Abstract: A homopolymer or copolymer having extremely high weight-average molecular weight of about 3,000,000 to about 50,000,000 with a narrow molecular weight distribution is prepared by emulsion polymerization of at least one monomer of an aromatic alkenyl compound such as styrene, an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester such as methyl methacrylate, or a conjugated diolefin such as butadiene or isoprene using an initiator consisting of (a) at least one peroxide of dialkyl peroxides and peroxy esters, and (b) at least one reducing agent such as alkyl primary amines, alkyl tertiary amines, polyalkylenepolyamines, alkylamino alcohols, and the like at a temperature of 0.degree. to 70.degree. C.

Abstract: Water-insoluble, tridimensional cross-linked random copolymers, which contain in copolymerized form:(a) 25% to 98% by weight of N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide or N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]methacrylamide or a mixture of these two compounds;(b) 2% to 50% by weight of one or more monomers having several polymerizable ethylenic double bonds and one or more hydroxy groups, and free from NH.sub.2 or COOH groups; and(c) 0% to 50% by weight of one or more monomers having a polymerizable ethylenic double bond and one or more amino or carboxy groups. These copolymers may be used, in the form of aqueous gels, as supports in techniques of separation such as gell permeation chromatography and in techniques of immobilization of natural substances.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing globular, hydrophilic copolymers which have reticulated internal structures and are suitable for gas and gel chromatography. The method comprises polymerization by suspension polymerization methods of hydrophilic and hydrophilic monomers in aqueous medium in the presence of a component which prevents transfer of the hydrophilic monomer into the aqueous medium and the solubility of the aqueous medium in the monomeric phase.

Abstract: Low molecular weight polymers of an unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride monomer (e.g., maleic anhydride) and a copolymerizable monomer (e.g., styrene) are prepared by an improved process which comprises polymerizing the monomers in the presence of the hydroxide or a nucleophilic salt of a monovalent cation (e.g., a nucleophilic salt or the hydroxide of an ammonium compound or of an alkali metal). By the practice of this process, low molecular weight polymers are conveniently and economically obtained without the use of high catalyst concentrations, high temperatures, conventional chain transfer agents, high boiling chain transfer solvents or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A hardenable composition comprises (1) an acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer; (2) diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide as a hardener and a hardening accelerator.

Abstract: Styrenic polymer particles having a substantially uniform particle size are prepared by suspending styrenic polymer particles having particle sizes in a certain range in water to provide an aqueous suspension and after adding to the suspension a styrenic monomer, a suspension polymerization catalyst and a polymerization retarder in an amount of 1/200 to 1/15 mole per 1 mole of the catalyst, conducting the suspension polymerization. By conducting the polymerization in the presence of a foaming agent, one can produce foamable styrenic polymer particles having a substantially uniform particle size.

Abstract: Acrylic polymerization systems having improved thermal stability are disclosed comprising an acrylic monomer binder, a diacyl peroxide catalyst selected from the group consisting of p-t-butylbenzoyl peroxide, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl peroxide, and p-methylbenzoyl peroxide, and an amine accelerator for said catalyst. Several of the diacyl peroxide catalysts of the invention are novel.

Abstract: An accelerator combination is provided for the cross-linking of powder paints containing an acrylic resin containing carboxyl groups and an epoxy resin at elevated temperatures, said accelerator containing, based on the weight of said acrylic resin:(a) 0.05 to 3.0% by weight of at least one compound of the formula LiX, in which X signifies a hydroxyl ion, the anion of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, or of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid; and(b) 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of at least one quaternary ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 signifies a saturated aliphatic radical, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 signify the same or different saturated aliphatic radicals, aryl radicals or aralkyl radicals, wherein two of the radicals R.sub.2 to R.sub.4 may be replaced by a group which together with the nitrogen atom forms a saturated heterocylic ring, or all radicals R.sub.2 to R.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a water-soluble coating composition having excellent properties including corrosion resistance, adhesion, impact resistance and so on. The coating composition comprises an adduct of a butadiene lower polymer or copolymer and .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid compound resulting from the special addition reaction, a hydrophilic solvent and a neutralizer.

Abstract: A sulfur modified polychloroprene is produced in a process which comprises polymerizing chloroprene or a mixture of chloroprene and a comonomer in a neutral or acidic aqueous emulsion by using a cationic emulsifier in the presence of sulfur and a peroxide initiator, and then performing a peptization of the resulting sulfur modified polychloroprene latex by addition thereto of an alkaline aqueous solution in amounts sufficient to reduce the pH of the latex to alkaline conditions.

Abstract: Novel crosslinked ion exchange resins derived from dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate are disclosed together with their process of manufacture by suspension polymerization preferably utilizing a trialkylamine phase extender. Trialkylamines are found to be useful generally as phase extenders for the preparation of other polymeric materials by the known methods of suspension polymerization.

Abstract: Reaction products of glycidyl (meth)acrylate with half esters containing carbonate groups are components of anaerobically-setting adhesive compositions based on (meth) acrylic esters and organic peroxides.

Abstract: Polymers on the basis of tetrafluoroethylene are produced in the presence of a redox system as catalyst consisting of a usual peroxidic compound as oxidizing component and a water-soluble nitrogen compound liberating in situ a diimine under the polymerization conditions. The polymers obtained can be processed, inter alia, into thick walled articles on a ram extruder or into large sintered block free from crack formation.

Abstract: Polymers, such as butadiene copolymers and isoprene copolymers, having pendant unsaturated tetra-aliphatic quaternary nitrogen moieties, such as those derived from acrylic esters and acrylamides are useful as water-soluble or inherently water-dispersible curable coatings such as protective and/or decorative coatings, paper coatings, textile fiber coatings, printing plates, photo-curable imagable materials useful as photo-resists, lithographic plates, etc., and the like. Such coatings are curable with light, with high energy radiation and with heat in the presence of free radical catalysts to form insoluble, crosslinked coatings.

Abstract: Polyesters having as the repeating unit thereof a unit of the generic formula: ##STR1## (wherein, X stands for a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group or a cinnamoyl-oxymethyl group, Y for a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and R for --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or O-phenylene group) are new polyesters possessed of photosensitivity. These photosensitive polyesters are produced by the reaction of acid anhydrides with glycidyl cinnamate.

Abstract: A solventless, fast-setting anaerobic adhesive composition comprises two monomer parts which are adapted to be copolymerized anaerobically at ambient temperature between opposing surfaces to form a high-strength bond thereto. One part comprises a multifunctional acrylate monomer and the other an N-vinylamide monomer. The formulation also includes a redox system consisting of oxidizing and reducing agent components for initiating polymerization between said monomers. The oxidizing agent of the redox system may be present in either one of said parts, preferably with the multifunctional acrylate. The reducing agent is present in the other part, usually the N-vinylamide. Upon anaerobic admixing of the resective parts of the composition at ambient temperature, the oxidizing and reducing agents react to generate free radicals which initiates copolymerization of the monomers to form the desired high-strength adhesive bond to said surfaces.