Abstract: Applicants have discovered an improved photodefined dielectric materials comprising poly(aromatic diacetylenes). The preferred poly(aromatic diacetylenes) are copolymers of aromatic diacetylenes. Specific examples are 1) a copolymer of 4,4'-diethynyldiphenyl ether and m-diethynyl benzene and 2) a copolymer of 4,4'-diethynyldiphenyl ether and 4,4'-bis(3-ethynylphenoxy)-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-octafluorobiphenyl. These copolymers can be photochemically crosslinked in patterns with exposure of 30 mJ/cm.sup.2 .mu.m and 60 mJ/cm.sup.2 .mu.m, respectively, and patterns have been produced in 10 .mu.m thick films with features as small as 12 .mu.m.

Abstract: Applicants have discovered an improved photodefined dielectric materials comprising poly(aromatic diacetylenes). The preferred poly(aromatic diacetylenes) are copolymers of aromatic diacetylenes. Specific examples are 1) a copolymer of 4,4'-diethynyldiphenyl ether and m-diethynyl benzene and 2) a copolymer of 4,4'-diethynyldiphenyl ether and 4,4'-bis(3-ethynylphenoxy)-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-octaflurorbiphenyl. These copolymers can be photochemically crosslinked in patterns with exposure of 30 mJ/cm.sup.2 .mu.m and 60 mJ/cm.sup.2 .mu.m, respectively, and patterns have been produced in 10 .mu.m thick films with features as small as 12 .mu.m.

Abstract: Amorphous tetrafluoroethylene copolymers having a hexafluoropropylene content up to 29 mol % with the hexafluoropropylene units being uniformly distributed throughout the copolymer.

Abstract: Copolymers based on ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, long-chain olefins and fluoroolefins Copolymers containing 10 to 60% by weight of bivalent structural units of the formula A ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl,a and b are zero or one and a+b is one,X and Y are identical or different and are the group --N--HR.sup.3,where R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.40 -alkenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl, the group --N--(R.sup.3).sub.2,where R.sup.3 are identical or different and have the abovementioned meaning, and/or the group --O--R.sup.4,where R.sup.4 is hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal ion, a cation of the formula H.sub.2 N.sup..sym. (R.sup.3).sub.2 or H.sub.3 N.sup..sym. R.sup.3, C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are polymers made by free radically polymerizing the novel compound vinyl(perfluorocyclopropane), and optionally other monomers to form copolymers. The repeat unit formed by vinyl(perfluorocyclopropane) contains an olefinic bond, making it particularly useful as a grafting and/or crosslinking site.

Abstract: Selected partially fluorinated .alpha.,.omega.-dienes can be (co)polymerized to form polymers in which cyclic structures are present. A novel free radical polymerization process, in which the polymer obtained is dependent on the initiator used, is described. The polymers are useful for films, coatings and molded parts.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ion exchange membrane used for a proton exchange membrane type fuel cell comprising a repeating unit represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein x is 0, 1 or 2, y is 2 or 3, L and m are positive numbers and L/m is a positive number of 10 or less; and having an electrical conductivity of 0.11 to 0.30 .OMEGA..sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 at 25.degree. C., a permeability coefficient to hydrogen gas of 9.0.times.10.sup.-9 to 24.0.times.10.sup.-9 cc cm/(cm.sup.2 sec cmHg) at 40.degree. C., a permeability coefficient to oxygen gas of 5.0.times.10.sup.-9 to 11.0.times.10.sup.-9 cc cm/(cm.sup.2 sec cmHg) at 40.degree. C. and a water content of more than 100 to 250% by weight.According to the present invention, the ion exchange membrane used for a proton exchange membrane type fuel cell having excellent performance as a diaphragm and an electrolyte can be provided.

Abstract: A thermosetting powdery coating composition which comprises, in admixture: (A) from 40 to 98 parts by weight of a fluorine-containing copolymer, which is a copolymer of a fluoroolefin and a comonomer having a crosslinkable reactive group, e.g., hydroxy, carboxyl, amino and glycidyl groups, containing at least 10% by weight of fluorine and having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.05-2 dl/g (30.degree. C., tetrahydrofuran), a glass transition temperature of 30.degree.-120.degree. C. and a weight loss by heating which does not exceed 2% and (B) from 60 to 2 parts by weight of a curing agent capable of forming crosslinks by reacting with the crosslinkable reactive groups in (A), except for the composition wherein (A) is a hydroxyl group and a weight loss by heating which does not exceed 2% and (B) is a blocked isocyanate compound.

Abstract: A laminate has at least two layers, at least one of which comprises a polymer having more than one perfluorocyclobutane group. Such polymers impart qualities of enviornmental or protection, chemical and solvent resistance, hydrolytic stability, lubricity, low dielectric, hydrostatic stability, weatherability, flame resistance, chemical resistance, hydrolytic stability, lubricity, environmental protection, scratch resistance, solvent resistance, surface passivation, water repellancy, lower surface refractive index, lower surface coefficient of friction, fluid barrier properties, oil repellancy, thermal stability, and/or reduced moisture pick-up. Additionally, the coatings are optically clear, easy to apply either neat, in a solvent or otherwise, have relatively low cure temperatures for their temperature resistance, and exhibit insulating and planarizing capabilities.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polymer having perfluorocyclobutane rings by the steps of (a) contacting monomers having aromatic polyester, aromatic polyamide, or polyimide groups or combination thereof, at least two dimerizable perfluorovinyl groups; and (b) exposing the monomers to sufficient heat and for a sufficient time that a polymer containing perfluorocyclobutane rings is formed. Chain extending oligomers of polymers having poor processing characteristics by this process results in polymers which are more easily processed. For instance, perfluorocyclobutane groups formed in an extruder to chain lengthen polyimide oligomers, in effect, render polyimides extrudable. The polymer formed by the method preferably has polyimide groups. New monomers and polymers having imide and perfluorovinyl or perfluorocyclobutane structures, respectively, are prepared.

Abstract: Copolymers useful as contact lens materials are the polymerization product of a mixture comprising:(a) an itaconate;(b) a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: each A is independently an activated unsaturated radical;each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 monovalent hydrocarbon radical, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing ether linkages, a halogen-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 monovalent hydrocarbon radical, and a halogen-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing ether linkages;each R' is independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 divalent hydrocarbon radical; andn averages about 15 to about 50;(c) an ethylenically unsaturated organosiloxane monomer; and(d) a hydrophilic monomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluorotelomers, their synthesis by free radical-initiated telomerization of fluoroalkenes (e.g. TFE) in which hydrofluorocarbons (HFC's) are used both as telogens and as solvents, and dispersions of the fluorotelomers in HFC's. The fluorotelomers are normally solid, essentially non-distillable and highly crystalline, and their dispersions exhibit excellent lubricant properties and stability under normal usage and have a negligible impact on the environment compared to conventional telomer dispersions.

Abstract: Polybenzazole polymers may contain perfluorocyclobutane rings to provide a flexible moiety which is stable at high temperatures.

Abstract: A cross-linkable copolymer formed by polymerizing in solution vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, an allyl ether, and a vinyl ether and protective coating prepared utilizing such copolymer.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing copolymer comprising: 30 to 85% by mole of structural units (a): ##STR1## 1 to 30% by mole of structural units (b): ##STR2## and 3 to 60% by mole of structural units (c): ##STR3## and a curable composition containing the same. The copolymer is excellent in compatibility with curing agents and the obtained film therefrom is excellent in appearance, gloss, durability, and the like.

Abstract: A process for producing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer, comprising the step of copolymerizing a mixture of monomers containing a polymerizable double bond comprising:(A) vinylidene fluoride, and(B) a fluorine compound represented by the formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--R.sub.f (I)wherein R.sub.f is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,with the content of (B) being 0.1 to 50% by weight, in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator. A vinylidene fluoride copolymer having excellent flexibility, impact resistance and cold resistance together with the good characteristics inherently possessed by polyvinylidene fluoride can be obtained.

Abstract: A hardenable, fluorinated copolymer of fluorinated monomers and a hydroxylated and/or epoxidized allyl ether, paints and varnishes comprising such copolymers, and the process of making such copolymer.

Abstract: Melt processable copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, containing from about 1% to about 20% hexafluoropropylene by weight, are prepared by emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene in a stirred aqueous reaction medium. The reaction medium is formed by charging to a heated reactor, water, vinylidene fluoride, an initiator to start the polymerization, and a water-soluble surfactant capable of emulsifying both the initiator and the reaction mass during polymerization. Additional amounts of vinylidene fluoride and initiator are fed to the reaction medium to continue polymerization of the vinylidene fluoride monomer until from about 50% to about 90% of the total weight of the vinylidene fluoride monomer utilized in the process has been added to the reaction medium.

Abstract: A hardenable, fluorinated copolymer of fluorinated monomers and a hydroxylated and/or epoxidized allyl ether, paints and varnishes comprising such copolymers, and the process of making such copolymer.

Abstract: A cross-linkable copolymer formed by polymerizing in solution vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, an allyl ether, and a vinyl ether and protective coating prepared utilizing such copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for preparing a polymer having perfluorocyclobutane rings by the steps of (a) contacting monomers having at least two dimerizable perfluorovinyl groups; and (b) exposing the monomers to sufficient heat and for a sufficient time that a polymer containing perfluorocyclobutane rings is formed wherein at least about 0.05 mole percent of the monomer, have at least 3 dimerizable perfluorovinyl groups and polymers prepared thereby.

Abstract: Essentially alternating copolymers of hexafluoroisobutylene (HFIB) and vinyl acetate (VA) are prepared under homogeneous radial conditions. They are soluble in polar solvents such as ketones, dimethylforamide, and diglyme. Their solutions can be used to cast films and for coatings. They can be hydrolyzed to form copolymers of HFIB and vinyl alcohol (VOH).

Abstract: A process for preparing a polymer having perfluorocyclobutane rings by the steps of (a) contacting monomers having at least two dimerizable perfluorovinyl groups; and (b) exposing the monomers to sufficient heat and for a sufficient time that a polymer containing perfluorocyclobutane rings is formed. The invention includes polymers having a backbone comprising hydrocarbyl groups, perfluorocyclobutane rings and non-carbon atoms and polymers of at least 10,000 molecular weight having repeating units [O-(CFR.sub.f).sub.n -O-perfluorocyclobutane].

Abstract: A crosslinked polymer having perfluorocyclobutane rings is prepared in a process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting monomers having two dimerizable perfluorovinyl groups; (b) exposing the monomers to sufficient heat and for a sufficient time that a (linear) polymer containing perfluorocyclobutane rings is formed; and (c) exposing the polymer to sufficient crosslinking initiating means and for a sufficient time such that crosslinking occurs. Crosslinked polymers, so prepared are novel and have tensile strength and other physical proeprties enhanced over the properties of the corresponding linear polymer.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel copolymer comprising 25-75 mol % of a fluoroolefin such as CTFE, 10-80 mol % of a combination of a fatty acid vinyl ester having not more than 4 carbon atoms in the acid part and at least one other carboxylic acid vinyl ester which has a larger number of carbon atoms and is selected from aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid vinyl esters, 3-40 mol % of a hydroxyl-containing allyl ether such as ethylene glycol monoallyl ether and 0-20 mol % of a carboxyl-containing monomer such as vinylacetic acid. The copolymer has a number average molecular weight of 3000 to 10000. This copolymer possesses favorable properties characteristic of fluororesins, is soluble in organic solvents including aromatic solvents low in polarity, such as xylene, and is curable at relatively low temperatures. A solution of this copolymer is useful as a liquid vehicle of a paint.

Abstract: There are disclosed metallized polymer particles comprising a crosslinked polymer with an insoluble content of at least 0.5% by weight. The crosslinked polymer bears nucleophilic groups capable of complexing at least one salt of a metal with an oxidation-reduction potential higher than -0.8 V. The crosslinked polymer particles have on their surface a metallic layer comprising at least one metal having an oxidation-reduction potential higher than -0.8 V and being in the zero valency state. Also disclosed are a process for obtaining such metallized particles via a chemical route, and a method of using these metallized particles in the manufacture of electrically conductive materials, including electrically conductive adhesives and paints.

Abstract: Copolymers comprising perfluoroalkyl groups, reproduction layers containing these copolymers and use thereof for waterless offset printing. The novel perfluoroalkyl group-containing copolymers are prepared from at least two different monomers, monomer (a) comprising acryloyl or methacryloyl groups and phenolic OH groups and monomer (b) comprising acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy or vinyl groups and a perfluoroalkyl group. Monomer component (a) can, for example, be prepared from a hydroxybenzoic acid by esterification with a hydroxyalkyl-acrylate. The novel copolymers are, in particular, used as binders in radiation-sensitive reproduction layers which additionally contain at least one radiation-sensitive compound. Reproduction layers of this kind are used as radiation-sensitive coatings of support materials for printing plates used in waterless offset printing.

Abstract: A tetrafluoroethylene copolymer composition in which the modifying comonomer is a fluorinated alkyl ethylene of the formula CF.sub.3 --CF.sub.2 --(CF.sub.2).sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image-forming material having a high sensitivity to high-energy beams and excellent in dry etching resistance, heat stability and resolution which comprises a copolymer containing a total of 1 to 99 mole-% of at least one of recurring structural units represented by the following formulas [A] and [A'] and 1 to 99 mole-% of at least one recurring structural unit represented by the following formula [B] and having a number-average molecular weight of 500 to 1,000,000: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 of the formulas [A] and [A'] represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the substituent groups R.sub.

Abstract: A solvent soluble fluorine-containing polymer according to the present invention is a copolymer characterized by(i) consisting substantially of(a) fluoroolefin,(b) vinyl ether, and(c) an organosilicon compound having an olefinically unsaturated bond and a hydrohyzable group,(ii) said copolymer comprising, based on the total mole number of said (a)-(c) in the copolymer, 30-70 mol % of (a), 20-60 mol % of (b) and 1-25 mol % of (c) and(iii) said copolymer having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 3000-200000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography.Further, according to the present invention, a coating composition having excellent weathering resistance and solvent resistance comprising the above-mentioned solvent soluble fluorine-containing polymer and organic solvent is also provided. In addition a coating process of said coating composition is also provided.

Abstract: A flame-retardant resin having excellent moldability composed essentially of a fluorine-containing copolymer obtained by the copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and ethylene, wherein the copolymer comprises from 10 to 60 molar % of tetrafluoroethylene, from 20 to 60 molar % of chlorotrifluoroethylene and from 20 to 40 molar % of ethylene, and has a thermal decomposition temperature of at least 325.degree. C.

Abstract: A solvent soluble fluorine-containing polymer according to the present invention is a copolymer characterized by(i) consisting substantially of(a) fluoroolefin,(b) vinyl ether, and(c) an organosilicon compound having an olefinically unsaturated bond and a hydrohyzable group,(ii) said copolymer comprising, based on the total mole number of said (a)-(c) in the copolymer, 30-70 mol % of (a), 20-60 mol % of (b) and 1-25 mol % of (c) and(iii) said copolymer having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 3000-200000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography.Further, according to the present invention, a coating composition having excellent weathering resistance and solvent resistance comprising the above-memtioned solvent soluble fluorine-containing polymer and organic solvent is also provided. In addition a coating process of said coating composition is also provided.

Abstract: A copolymer comprising monomeric units derived from ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and a fluorine-containing vinyl monomer which provides the copolymer with side chains having at least one carbon atom, wherein the molar ratio of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene is from 62:38 to 90:10 and the content of the fluorine-containing vinyl monomer is from 0.1 to 10% by mole based on the total number of mole of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, which has improved flexibility and better flame retardance.

Abstract: Melt-processible tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroolefin copolymer granules, and process for their preparation, are disclosed having improved thermal stability, high purity and reduced bubble tendency.

Abstract: A perfluoroalkylvinyl copolymer comprising (a) repeating units of the formula:--CHRfCH.sub.2 -- (I)wherein Rf is a C.sub.5 -C.sub.21 perfluoroalkyl group, and (b) repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Y is --OR.sup.1, --OCOR.sup.1 or --COOR.sup.1 and Z is a hydrogen atom or --COOR.sup.2 in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, the same or different, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl group with the proviso that when Y is --OR.sup.1 or --OCOR.sup.1, Z is an hydrogen atom, and R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl group, which is useful as a mold release agent, a water- and oil-repellent and a non-tackifier.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing copolymers are prepared by free radical-initiated copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated, copolymerizable monomers, containing vinyl esters, 0.05 to 60% by weight, relative to the total amount of monomers employed, of fluorine-containing monomers in which the copolymerizable ethylene group is substituted by radicals containing fluorocarbon groups, the fluorocarbon groups being composed of at least 2 adjacent carbon atoms having F--C bonds, if appropriate, ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and/or dicarboxylic acids, and if appropriate, further monomers, and, if appropriate, the subsequent partial or complete saponification of the vinyl ester units present in the resulting copolymers to give vinyl alcohol units.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing copolymer comprising structural units of the formula (a):--CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 -- (a)structural units of the formula (b): ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 1 to 10 and structural units of the formula (c):--CFX--CFY-- (c)wherein X is --H, --Cl or --F and Y is --F, a lower fluoroalkyl group or a group having the formula: ##STR2## in which m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 and a curable composition comprising the fluorine-containing copolymer and a curing agent. The fluorine-containing copolymer is compatible with acrylic resins and is excellent in transparency, and the composition can be employed as a room temperature curing paints material.

Abstract: Tetrafluoroethylene fine powder resins are described which have surprisingly high extrusion pressures and molecular weights which make them useful in post-paste extruded stretching operations. The resins are made by using a manganese triacetate/selected reducing agent polymerization initiator and controlling its rate of addition.

Abstract: A tetrafluoroethylene copolymer composition in which the modifying comonomer is a fluorinated alkyl ethylene of the formulaCF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.3 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2,wherein the units of acid comonomers are located in the interior of the copolymer.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing copolymer comprising structural units of the formula (a):--CH.sub.2 --CHF-- (a)structural units of the formula (b): ##STR1## and structural units of the formula (c): ##STR2## wherein X is --H or --F, Y is --OH, --COOH or ##STR3## l is 0 or an integar of 1, m is 0 or an integar of 1 to 6 and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 4, provided that Y is --COOH when n is 0. The copolymer has a good solubility to solvent and is cross-linkable, and the composition containing the copolymer can be cured at room temperature, and provides a film having an excellent chemical resistance, weatherability, stain resistance, heat resistance and high frictional electrification property.

Abstract: Ultrafine fiber of an ethylene tetrafluoride copolymer having an orientation degree (.pi.) of at least 0.6 and an average fineness of 0.0001 to 0.9 denier. A process for producing such fiber or a porous membrane thereof is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel polymers and copolymers containing the monomer 3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)pentacyclo [6.2.0.0.sup.2,4.0.sup.3,6.0.sup.5,7 ]dec-9-ene are prepared which can be easily converted into poly(acetylene). The polymer (copolymer) and subsequent poly(acetylene) can be made into any desired shape, such as into films.

Abstract: The polymers of this invention contain recurring units of the structure ##STR1## wherein x is a cardinal number of from 2 to 8, and R.sub.f is perfluoroalkyl of 2-10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An optical material comprising a copolymer of:(1) ethylene,(2) at least one of tetrafluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene and(3) olefin having at least one fluoroalkyl group,and a cladding material as used in assembling an optical fiber which comprises the copolymer as defined in above.

Abstract: Vinylidene fluoride polymers having a wide range of molecular weights are produced with reduced initiator consumption by using trichlorofluoromethane as a chain transfer agent in the emulsion polymerization process. Vinylidene fluoride homopolymers made by the process have a significantly reduced tendency to generate cavities at high temperatures and a greater resistance to discoloration at high temperatures.

Abstract: Tetrafluoroethylene fine powder resins are made by adjusting temperature during polymerization wherein:(a) at the beginning of the polymerization the temperature is between 70.degree.-90.degree. C.,(b) when between 5-30% of the total amount of tetrafluoroethylene has been polymerized, the temperature is raised to between 100.degree.-125.degree. C.,(c) after 20-80% of the total tetrafluoroethylene has been polymerized and after step (b) has been carried out, the temperature is lowered by at least 30.degree. C. from the temperature used in step (b).

Abstract: A copolymer comprising monomeric units of tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene and at least one monomeric compound selected from the group consisting of 2-trifluoromethylpropylene and 2-methyl-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylene, which has a improved crack resistance at a high temperature.

Abstract: Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated alkyl ethylenes are obtained by this invention in which units of the copolymer derived from the ethylene comonomer are substantially uniformly positioned along the copolymer chain.

Abstract: A copolymer comprising (a) a monomer having a C.sub.7 to C.sub.21 perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkenyl group at one end of the molecule and an ethylenically unsaturated group at the other end of the molecule, and (b) a monomer having a photosensitive group, e.g. an azidobenzoyloxy group, cinnamoyloxy group, benzoylphenyl group or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone group. The copolymer has an excellent photosensitivity and excellent water and oil repellent properties, and is useful for various purposes, e.g. as a photosensitive material for dry offset printing plate or resist and as a photo-curable, water and oil repelling coating material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to absorption resins comprising vinyl copolymers which do not dissolve in water and are capable of absorbing microorganisms without inactivating the microorganisms and also adsorbents with a large contact area which are capable of absorbing microorganisms efficiently as well as methods of making the resins and the adsorbents.