Abstract: In this invention, at least two monomers are grafted onto hydroxy-containing cellulose polymer. The invention thus provides a polymer of a cellulose containing a hydroxy group on which is grafted, by replacement of the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group, with a copolymer having a polymerized lactam-containing moiety and a polymerized quaternized ammonium-containing moiety. The ratio of the polymerized lactam group of the quaternized ammonium moiety in the grafted copolymer can be predetermined to provide polymers which are particularly useful in the hair treatment industry.

Abstract: Water-absorbing and water-swellable polysaccharide graft polymers are prepared by inverse suspension polymerization of a polysaccharide with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group followed by partial water removal and crosslinking.

Abstract: A binder for non-woven fibers or fabrics is prepared comprising a starch-polymer graft, starch and a starch crosslinking agent. An acrylamide copolymer may optionally be included. The binder is useful for non-woven fibers such as a polyester fiber mat, and particularly single ply, bitumin roofing materials.

Abstract: Improved articles having reduced thrombogenicity when in contact with blood products containing albumin and methods of their preparation and use are provided. The articles comprise at the surface of blood contact a water insoluble polymeric substrate material having covalently attached thereon aliphatic extension of 12 to 22 carbon atoms. When exposed to blood, the aliphatic chain extensions provide a hydrophobic binding site for albumin. The articles when implemented with whole blood or blood products selectively enhance albumin affinity binding to the exclusion of other blood components, and subsequently minimize thrombus formation as well as other biocompatibility parameters, such as foreign body immune responses.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polysaccharide derivative having the structure: ##STR1## and a polysaccharide graft polymer having the structure: Sacch--O--(G).sub.m --(M)--.sub.n, wherein Sacch- is a polysaccharide; m is zero or one; G is the residue of a polymerizable, unsaturated monomer which is bonded to the polysaccharide in an ether or ester linkage; n is greater than one; M is the residue of one or more polymerizable, unsaturated, monomer(s), at least one of which is a siloxane-containing monomer, which have been grafted to the polysaccharide by free radical polymerization; R is an organic group which is bonded to the polysaccharide by an ether or ester linkage and to the silicon by a carbon-silicon linkage; R.sub.1 is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl group, or an aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, independently, straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl groups, or aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl groups, or alkoxides of straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A stable aqueous polymeric dispersion comprising a graft copolymer of thinned, gelatinized starch and one or more vinyl grafting monomers, the vinyl monomers including at least 10% by weight 1,3-butadiene is disclosed. Also disclosed are paper coating color compositions comprising the polymeric dispersions and pigments and improved high gloss papers coated with the coating color compositions.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing an aqueous dispersion of water-absorbent particles and at least one matrix-forming hydrophilic thickening agent comprises the steps of evacuating gas from said dispersion and subjecting the latter to compression by means of a relative pressure sufficient to irreversibly transform the dispersion into a stable particle-matrix system. A method of preparing a stable semi-solid preparation of dry, preferably bead-shaped water-absorbent particles comprises forming a homogenous dispersion comprising from 30 to 70% by weight of said beads, from 0.1% by weight of at least one hydrophilic thickening agent, capable of forming a matrix for said beads, and from 20 to 55% by weight of water, and stabilizing the dispersion formed as above. The water-absorbent particles may consist of cross-linked carbohydrates or polyacrylamide or derivatives thereof. The stable preparation may advantageously be packed in aerosol type containers and be used for the treatment of wounds and skin.

Abstract: A polysaccharide graft copolymer containing a reactive aminoethyl halide group is provided, said copolymer represented by:Sacch--g--(M).sub.a --(T).sub.bwhere Sacch is a polysaccharide base substrate, M is a repeating unit of the formula: ##STR1## where X is halogen and R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 2 carbons; T is an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, a is at least 1 and b is 0 or 1 or more, with the total of a and b being at least 2.Another embodiment provides preparing this graft copolymer by reacting the monomer in a system that is maintained at a pH level of below 7 to prevent premature reaction of the halogen on the aminoethyl halide group during the grafting procedure.

Abstract: Polysaccharide graft polymers which comprise an acetal-containing or aldehyde-containing homopolymer or copolymer grafted to a polysaccharide base have been prepared. The monomer repeating units in the homopolymer are derived from one or more ethylenically or allylically unsaturated monomers containing an acetal group or aldehyde group; The monomer repeating units in the copolymer are derived from the above monomer and derived from one or more ethylenically or allylically unsaturated monomers other than the acetal-containing or aldehyde-containing monomer. A and A' are independently a lower alkyl or A and A' together form at least a 5-membered cyclic acetal; with the proviso that the graft polymer contain no ##STR1## groups when the aldehyde groups are present. The aldehyde-containing graft polymers are useful for imparting wet strength to paper.

Abstract: Novel carboxylic acid-functional polymers are obtained by reacting:(a) a hydroxy-functional polymer having an average of at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule; and(b) a cyclic anhydride under reaction conditions to produce acid groups and ester groups; andwherein the hydroxy-functional polymer is obtained by the copolymerization of:(i) 1-95 weight percent of a cellulose ester; and(ii) 5-99 weight percent of at least one ethylenically unsaturated alcohol copolymerizable with the cellulose acetate butyrate; and(iii) 0-94 weight percent of at least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the cellulose ester and the ethylenically unsaturated alcohol.Curable compositions especially useful as coatings are prepared by mixing the novel carboxylic acid-functional polymers with epoxy-functional compounds and, optionally, with anhydride-functional compounds and, optionally, hydroxy-functional compounds. The coatings are especially useful in clearcoat/basecoat compositions.

Abstract: Moisture-shrinkable films can be extrusion blown from modified starch-poly(methyl acrylate) graft compolymers. The films shrink when exposed at room temperature to relative humidities approaching 100%. The films have potential application in shrink-wrapping irregularly shaped articles without application of heat; they are easily removed by water washing.

Abstract: The polymerization of acetylene in the presence of polymers using certain nickel catalysts results in polyacetylene-containing polymer products which are readily processed while retaining their electrical properties.

Abstract: A cationic graft-copolymer comprising a unit derived from a cationic derivative of a water-soluble linear polymers having a hydroxyl groups, namely, a cationic polysaccharide of the following formula (1)[C.sub.6 H.sub.7 O.sub.2 (OH).sub.3-a (OX).sub.a ].sub.x H.sub.2 O (1)and the cationic derivative of polyvinylalcohol of the following formula (2) or the cationic derivative of the partial hydrolyzed polyvinylalcohol of the following formula (3)[CH.sub.2 CH(OH).sub.1-b (OX).sub.b ].sub.n (2)[CH.sub.2 CH(OH).sub.1-b-c (OX).sub.b (OAc).sub.c ].sub.n (3)and a unit derived from a polymerizable olefin compound of the following formula (4) ##STR1## (a, x, b, n, c, Ac, X, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 are defined in claim 1-4); a process for preparing the same and a latex reagent made therefrom.

Abstract: A cationic dextran compound matrix-copolymer obtained by reacting with a polymerizable unsaturated acid or a polymerizable unsaturated acid and olefin compound a dextran derivative which is introduced cationic radicals thereinto. It is highly hydrophilic and a material having a high affinity for a living body and which is, therefore, useful for making contact lenses, intraocular lenses, artificial bones and blood vessels, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single-stage method of producing polysaccharide g FD-water/g polymers. Fine particulate graft polymers with very high water absorption capacity can be prepared by employing a nonionic lipophilic surface active agent and a nonionic hydrophilic surface active agent.

Abstract: The polymerization of acetylene in the presence of polymers using certain nickel catalysts results in polyacetylene-containing polymer products which are readily processed while retaining their electrical properties.

Abstract: Preparation of a graft copolymer prepared by reacting a cellulose ester and a mono- or di-ester of maleic or a fumaric acid, thereby obtaining a cellulose derivative bearing a polymerizable double bonding, and then copolymerizing said cellulose derivative with other copolymerizable monomer(s). The invention also includes a coating composition based on thus obtained graft copolymer.

Abstract: Homogeneous hydrogels comprise a water-soluble sugar, derivative or mixture thereof, radiation cross-linked with at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound. A preferred combination is sucrose or glucose cross-linked with acrylic acid. The hydrogels may contain additives e.g. plasticizers such as glycerol. The hydrogels are strong and expand to a large extent e.g. 30.times. on water absorption. They are particularly suitable for use in medical dressings, preferably bonded to a supporting film which may be a semi-permeable membrane allowing control of water loss. A method for preparing such a hydrogel and dressing is also described.

Abstract: The invention provides [I] a water-absorbing agent composed of a water-absorbing resin powder having the molecular chains near its surface being crosslinked, said powder being obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of a powder of a carboxyl-containing water-absorbing resin selected from the group consisting of a hydrolyzate of a starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer, a partially neutralized product of a starch-acrylic acid graft polymer, a saponification product of a vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymer, a hydrolyzate of an acrylonitrile copolymer, a crosslinked product of a hydrolyzate of an acrylonitrile copolymer, a hydrolyzate of an acrylamide copolymer, a crosslinked product of a hydrolyzate of an acrylamide copolymer, a partially neutralized product of polyacrylic acid, and a crosslinked product of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid with 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a polyhydric alcohol, 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a synthetic leather which comprises converting a leather perfume into the corresponding cyclodextrin clathrate compound, powdering the clathrate compound by drying, mixing the powder with a synthetic resin material and molding the mixture to form a synthetic leather material, thus imparting a natural leather-like material odor to the synthetic leather.

Abstract: A synthetic resin product contains various substances such as perfumes, insectifuges/insecticides, mold/mildew-proofing agents and anti-fungi agents which are inactivated by forming an inclusion compound thereof in cyclodextrin and coating them with glycitol(s) to thereby prolong the duration period of the substance. A process for the production of the same is further disclosed wherein the glycitol is provided in the form of reduced millet jelly or reduced cyclodextrin millet jelly.

Abstract: Preparation of a graft copolymer prepared by reacting a cellulose ester and a mono- or a di-ester of maleic or fumaric acid, thereby obtaining a cellulose derivative bearing a polymerizable double bonding, and then copolymerizing said cellulose derivative with other copolymerizable monomer(s). The invention also includes a coating composition based on the thus obtained graft copolymer.

Abstract: A particulate substantially homogeneous polymeric product is made by dispersing ungelatinised polysaccharide in aqueous monomer containing polymerization initiator, initiating polymerization and thereby inducing exothermic polymerization, utilizing the exotherm to provide part at least of the heat necessary to gelatinise the polysaccharide and thereby producing a comminutable gel comprising polymerized monomer and gelatinised polysaccharide, comminuting the gel and drying the comminuted gel. The product generally comprises a blend of water soluble synthetic polymer, gelatinised polysaccharide having a low degree of graft polymerization and optionally gelatinised polysaccharide. Products comprising these components are particularly suitable for use as wallpaper adhesives.

Abstract: Polysaccharide graft copolymers are prepared by a water-in-oil emulsion polymerization process in which the polysaccharide and water-soluble monomer are emulsified in an oil phase containing emulsifying agents and polymerized therein. The resultant emulsion polymers are in stable form and may be used directly, for example, as adhesives for prepasted wallpaper, or may be inverted into aqueous systems and used for their thickening or flocculating properties.

Abstract: Cationic starch graft copolymers are disclosed which improve the dry strength of paper when used as wet-end additives. Such copolymers comprise cationic starch, nonionic vinyl monomers and cationic vinyl monomers which have been polymerized.

Abstract: Dispersions of titanium dioxide pigments with improved long-term resistance to pigment settling and precipitation are disclosed. The pigment dispersions are formed by chemically grafting vinyl and/or acrylic polymers to nitrocellulose in dispersions of nitrocellulose and titanium dioxide pigments. Nitrocellulose forms a loose association with titanium dioxide in dispersion. The chemical grafting improves the precipitation and settling resistance of nitrocellulose, and thus the precipitation and settling resistance of the associated titanium dioxide.

Abstract: Derivatized polymers containing glycoside side chains linked to the polymer by ether, sulfide, or amine linkages are prepared by reacting a polymer containing alcohol, thiol, and/or amine groups with a glycidyl glycoside having the formula ##STR1## where (SAC).sub.n represents a saccharide residue with n being 1-20. Typical polymers include poly(vinyl) alcohol, poly(ethyleneimine), poly(dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide), and proteins such as caseinate or gluten. Typical glycosides are glycoside of glucose and maltodextrin-10.

Abstract: A modified polysaccharide material which comprises: (1) polysaccharide covalently bonded to a synthetic polymer; (2) the synthetic polymer being made from (a) a polymerizable compound which is capable of being covalently coupled directly or indirectly to said polysaccharide, and (b) one or more polymerizable compounds containing (i) an ionizable chemcial group, (ii) a chemical group capable of transformation to an ionizable chemical group, (iii) a chemical group capable of causing the covalent coupling of the compound (b) to an affinity ligand or a biologically active molecule or (iv) a hydrophobic compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel acrylic composition, novel acrylic castings prepared therefrom, and a novel process for the preparation of the acrylic castings. The composition comprises methyl methacrylate, about 0.5 to 20% by weight of a carboxylated cellulose ester, and about 1 to 100 ppm of a vanadium promoter. Optionally, a heat dissipative material, such as a plasticizer or an additional monomer, can also be employed. In accordance with the process of the present invention, an acrylic monomer comprising methyl methacrylate is combined with about 0.5 to 20% by weight of a carboxylated cellulose ester so as to form an easily pourable syrup, about 1 to 100 ppm of a vanadium promoter is added to the syrup and the resulting solution is poured into a suitable mold, and the solution is cured at room temperature so as to form a hard acrylic casting.

Abstract: A pullulan copolymer obtained by reacting with a polymerizable olefinic compound a pullulan ester which is produced by reacting pullulan with an unsaturated acid to introduce a double bond of carbon thereinto. It is highly hydrophilic and is a material having a high affinity for a living body and which is, therefore, useful for making contact lenses, intraocular lenses, artificial bones and blood vessels, etc.

Abstract: Molecular composites, liquid crystalline and isotropic, comprising (i) an in situ polymerized flexible coil-like polymer and (ii) a reinforcing amount of a rigid rod-like liquid crystalline polymer. Articles made from such molecular composites have mechanical properties enhanced in three dimensions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel graft copolymers and to a novel process for the preparation thereof. The polymeric compositions provided by the present invention comprise the reaction product of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a carboxylated cellulose ester having an acid number of at least about 5, an inherent viscosity of from about 0.01 to about 1.00 and wherein the anhydroglucose units thereof have ring substituents comprising by weight based on total polymer weight, of from about 0.05 to about 20% hydroxyl groups, from about 0.5 to about 44% acetyl groups, from 0 to about 54% butyryl groups, from 0 to about 47% propionyl groups, from about 0.4 to about 4.0% total carboxyl groups wherein from about 20% to about 100% of these carboxyl groups are non-saponifiable backbone, and wherein the material has a lactone level of from about 4.52.times.10.sup.-15 to about 6.13.times.10.sup.-4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel acrylic composition, novel acrylic castings prepared therefrom, and a novel process for the preparation of the acrylic castings. The composition comprises methyl methacrylate, about 0.5 to 20% by weight of a carboxylated cellulose ester, and about 1 to 100 ppm of a vanadium promoter. Optionally, a heat dissipative material, such as a plasticizer or an additional monomer, can also be employed. In accordance with the process of the present invention, an acrylic monomer comprising methyl methacrylate is combined with about 0.5 to 20% by weight of a carboxylated cellulose ester so as to form an easily pourable syrup, about 1 to 100 ppm of a vanadium promoter is added to the syrup and the resulting solution is poured into a suitable mold, and the solution is cured at room temperature so as to form a hard acrylic casting.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-absorbing products, in particular blood and urine. It concerns a salified acrylic allyloligosaccharide copolymer consisting in chemically combined form of at least one allyloligosaccharide with a mean degree of substitution of less than 4 per molecule and of at least one acrylic derivative with partly or totally salified carboxyl functions, said copolymer having a degree of retention, after 30 minutes in water salinated at 10 g/liter, exceeding 8 g of saline water per gram of copolymer.Preferably the allyloligosaccharide is allylsaccharose with DS 2 and the acrylic derivative is acrylic acid.The invention applies to using these polymers as additives to improve the absorption of absorbing materials used in personal hygiene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions comprising polymerizing compounds with unsaturated ethylenic bonds at a temperature of 10.degree. to 100.degree. C. in the presence of an at least partially water-soluble free-radical initiator and at least one starch and/or starch derivative and optionally present conventional adjuvants with the starting mixture containing not more than one third of the total monomers and the remaining monomer being added during the polymerization, the initiators being at least one member of the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, ketone peroxides and organic hydroperoxides in an amount of at least 30 mmol per kg of total monomer mixture and optionally present water-soluble reducing agents and the starch is water-soluble or gells in water and contains not more than 30% by weight of amylose and the starch derivative is hydrolyzed starch in an amount of at least 0.6% by weight based on the total monomer weight.

Abstract: A grafted starch polymer solution having a lower viscosity through the incorporation of styrene into said grafted starch polymer.

Abstract: Water-absorbent resins having improved water-absorbency, water-absorption rate and water-dispersibility can be produced by crosslinking a water-absorbent resin comprising a carboxylate as a constituent of the resin with a crosslinking agent having at least two functional groups in the presence of water in a proportion of 0.01 to 1.3 parts by weight per part by weight of the resin in an inert solvent.

Abstract: Dry monodispersed polymeric particles, a stabilized dispersion of such and a method for making are described. The dispersion comprises a polar dispersion medium having dispersed therein monodispersed particles comprising a thermoplastic resin core substantially insoluble in the dispersion medium formed from a styrene or butylmethacrylate containing monomer or mixtures thereof and having irreversibly anchored thereto, a nonionic amphipathic steric stabilizer comprising a graft copolymer having a portion formed from a styrene or butylmethacrylate containing monomer or mixture thereof and a portion formed from hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose or cellulose propionate.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium monomers and monomers copolymerizable therewith are reacted in the presence of anionic polymers to directly form a dry coacervate by a process which comprises forming a solution comprising the monomer(s), the anionic polymer, solvent(s) and a free-radical initiator and simultaneously polymerizing and drying the solution at a temperature above the boiling point of the solvent.

Abstract: Anhydride-group- or carboxyl-group-containing graft copolymers of vinyl esters and other suitable monomers on polysaccharide esters of (A) a polysaccharide ester of aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -mono-carboxylic acids as the graft substrate and (B) a grafted-on monomer mixture of (a) a vinyl ester of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -monocarboxylic acid and (b) maleic acid anhydride and/or semiesters of maleic acid and/or fumaric acid with aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.14 -monoalcohols, the ratio by weight of (A) to (B) being from 1:0.1 to 1:2 and the molar ratio of (a) to (b) being from 1:0.5 to 1:3, and a process for producing these graft copolymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a material of composite structure containing a thermoplastic plastic and a fibrous polymer skeleton material, having a high modulus of torsional shear, good shockproofness and being processable by the formation technologies of thermoplastic plastics. According to the invention one proceeds in such a way that the fibrous polymer skeleton material is treated with a resin mixture consisting of an unsaturated polyester resin and a vinyl monomer in an amount of 1-80 percent by weight, related to the skeleton material.The use of the polyester as adhesion-intermediator considerably improves the homogeneity of the material of composite structure, it makes the substance processable without pregranulation on an extruder with a broad slot or a calendrette, and leads to plates the shockproofness of which significantly exceeds that of plates prepared without such intermediator.

Abstract: Graft copolymers of cellulose derivatives and N,N-diallyl,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chlorides or bromides are prepared using a dry or substantially solvent-free system by impregnating a concentrated aqueous solution of the N,N-diallyl-N,N-dialkyl ammonium halide, water soluble surfactant and catalyst onto the dry cellulose substrate, heating the reaction mass for sufficient time to achieve polymerization and then drying.

Abstract: Cellulose esters are cured by exposure to radiation preferably followed by exposure to elevated temperatures of at least about 100.degree. C. In addition, polymers obtained from reacting certain cellulose esters with certain polymerizable silicon esters are provided. The cured cellulose esters are suitable for producing transparent parts such as contact lenses.

Abstract: A water-absorptive contact lens made of a copolymer comprising units of an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid and at least one saccharide selected from D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose and units of at least one member selected from a hydrophilic monomer and a hydrophobic monomer, which has excellent oxygen permeability and affinity for the eye and can be worn continuously for a long period of time. The contact lens is prepared by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid with a ketalized saccharide and a hydrophilic monomer and/or a hydrophobic monomer, and after forming the resulting copolymer into a contact lens, if necessary, treating the copolymer having a shape of contact lens with an acid to convert the ketal groups into hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: This invention provides a graft copolymer of at least one acrylic monomer and a cellulose ester, in which at least about 8 percent of the total weight of said graft copolymer is derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or both. It also provides anionic aqueous dispersions of such graft copolymers and coating compositions containing them.

Abstract: A cellulose derivative-containing emulsion composition which is the product of emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a water-solubilized product of a cellulose derivative-modified vinyl copolymer having an acid value of from about 3 to about 150, said vinyl copolymer being obtained by copolymerizing a cellulose derivative with an ethylenically unsaturated monomeric component composed of an ethylenically unsaturated acid and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing starch/polyolefin polymer compositions by polymerization of at least one olefin in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The Ziegler-Natta catalyst used is obtained by contacting dried starch with an aluminum trialkyl followed by introducing a transition metal compound of the formula(cyclopentadienyl).sub.n MR.sub.mwherein M is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ti, V or Zr, R is a lower hydrocarbon radical or acetyl acetonate, and n and m are integers from 0 to 4 and n+m equals 2 to 4.

Abstract: Thermoplastic moulding compositions of co-graft polymers which are obtained by the polymerization of vinyl monomers, in particular by the polymerization of unsaturated esters, in the presence of mixtures consisting of the following:1. elastomers having glass transition temperatures .ltoreq.0.degree. C.,2. polyesters, polyethers, polyesterurethanes, polyurethanes, polycarbonates or mixtures thereof, and optionally3. cellulose esters of aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 carboxylic acids,and moulding compositions consisting of mixtures of these co-graft polymers with organic cellulose esters.

Abstract: A resin composition is prepared by emulsion-polymerizing a cellulose ester and at least one radical-polymerizable unsaturated monomer in the aqueous medium under the presence of a dispersion stabilizer, said cellulose ester having been modified by chemically bonding thereonto a polymeric chain compatible with a polymer obtained from said radical-polymerizable unsaturated monomer.

Abstract: A cellulose derivative-containing aqueous dispersion which is obtained by polymerizing a mixture of a cellulose derivative, at least one radical-polymerizable unsaturated monomer capable of dissolving the cellulose derivative therein and water under radical polymerization conditions, said aqueous dispersion containing as a dispersion stabilizer a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer in which polymeric chain group compatible with the polymer obtained said radical-polymerizable unsaturated monomer is chemically bonded onto a hydrophilic polymeric chain group.