Abstract: Provided is a method for tagging thermoplastic containers using near infrared fluorescing compounds or copolymerized residues readily capable of detection. Also provided is a method for identifying a thermoplastic container. Also provided are thermoplastic polymer compositions comprised of the near infrared fluorescing compounds or residues and articles comprised of such compositions. Also provided are new compounds useful as near infrared fluorophoric markers in the practice of this invention. The methods, compositions, and compounds of the present invention thus provide a total system useful for marking, for identification purposes, the various classes of thermoplastic wastes, so that they can be identified, sorted, and subsequently recycled.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polycarbonate which comprises performing a transesterification and a polycondensation reaction with a diarylcarbonate and dihydroxyaryl compound, in a reaction apparatus composed of stainless steel comprising at least 12% by weight of Ni, and at least 22% by weight of Cr, and having Fe as the remaining main component. A polycarbonate which has a good color, is stable to hydrolysis and resistant to heat-yellowing is the resulting product.

Abstract: A polycarbonate is produced by transesterification from a dihydroxy compound such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane and a diester of carbonic acid such as bisphenyl carbonate in the presence of a substance containing iron in an amount of 50% by weight or less to contact the reactants. Also, a polycarbonate is produced by transesterification from a dihydroxy compound and a diester of carbonic acid in a reactor made of stainless steel and treated by electropolishing or acid pickling or buffed on a surface part thereof to contact the reactants. As the transesterification catalyst, (a) a nitrogen-containing, electron-donating compound and (b) a nitrogen-containing, electron-donating compound and an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound are preferably used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stage process for the production of thermoplastic, solvent-free lightly branched polycarbonates in the melt using ammonium and/or phosphonium catalysts in the first stage and alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal catalysts in the second stage.

Abstract: [Purpose] The object of the present invention is to provide a method of product copolymerized polycarbonates having improved flow and formability, in addition to excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, transparency, and color tone.[Constitution] A method of producing copolymerized polycarbonates by melt polycondensation of two or more aromatic dihydroxy compounds with a carbonate diester, characterized in that(i) resorcin and/or substituted resorcins are used as 2-90 mole % of the aromatic dihydroxy compounds, where the sum of all the aromatic dihydroxy compounds is taken as 100 mole %, and(ii) an alkali metal compound and/or an alkaline-earth metal compound (a) is used as the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing halogenated polycarbonate wherein the total amount of base the end pH of the aqueous phaser and the amount of coupling catalyst employed in the reaction are controlled to selected levels.

Abstract: A polycarbonate having desirable color tone or transparency, as well as desirable heat resistance and water resistance, in which the amounts of residual metals in the polycarbonate are 10 ppm or less in total of Fe, Cr and Mo and 50 ppm or less in total of Ni and Cr. The polycarbonate is obtained by transesterification of (A) a dihydroxy compound and (B) a carbonic diester in a reactor made of a metallic material containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cr, Mo, Ni and Cu, and controlling the water content in the reactor to 500 ppm or less.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polycarbonate comprising reacting a diaryl carbonate with a bisphenol to produce a polycarbonate and a phenol, regenerating the diaryl carbonate by reacting the phenol byproduct with a carbonyl halide, and optionally recycling the hydrogen halide using a metal Redox captive halogen swing reactor system.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of aromatic polycarbonates in the molten state using fluoride catalysts.

Abstract: An aromatic polycarbonate of improved color value and high molecular weight is obtained by the addition of phosphorous acid and/or a phosphorous ester to the melt polycondensation reaction medium containing aromatic diol, carbonate diester and a metal-containing compound as ester interchange catalyst during the polycondensation reaction

Abstract: A process for preparing halogenated polycarbonate wherein the total amount of base, the end pH of the aqueous phase, and the amount of coupling catalyst employed in the reaction are controlled to selected levels.

Abstract: A method of producing a polyether copolymer by reacting a dihalogenobenzonitrile, 1,4-bis(4'-halobenzoyl)benzene, with 4,4'-biphenol in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of an alkali metal compound to produce a polyether copolymer having repeating units represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## and the repeating units represented by the following formula (II) ##STR2## The molar ratio of the repeating units represented by the formula (I) based on the total of the repeating units represented by the formula (I) and the repeating units represented by the formula (II) (the molar ratio of (I)/{(I)+(II)}) is from 0.1 to 0.8. The polyether copolymer has a melt viscosity (the viscosity under no shearing stress) of at least 500 poise as measured 400.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for the production of polycarbonates by melt polycondensation of an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a carbonic acid diester or a diphenyl carbonate compound wherein said polycondensation is carried out in the presence of from 0.05 to 15 mol %, based on 1 mole of the aromatic dihydroxy compound, of a phenol having from 10 to 40 carbon atoms, a carbonic acid diester having from 17 to 50 carbon atoms, or a carbonic acid diester having from 13 to 16 carbon atoms, using a catalyst comprising (a) a nitrogen containing basic compound, (b) from 10.sup.-8 to 10.sup.-3 mole, based on 1 mole of the aromatic dihydroxy compound, of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound, and (c) boric acid or boric ester. Also disclosed is a polycarbonate in which from 5 to 30% of its terminal groups are hydroxy groups and it has a sodium content of not more than 1 ppm and a chlorine content of not more than 20 ppm.

Abstract: A process for preparing polycarbonates according to the invention by melt polycondensation of aromatic dihydroxy compounds and carbonic acid diesters, is characterized by using an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a carbonic acid diester, wherein the combined content of hydrolyzable chlorine in those monomers falls within the particular range. Another process for preparing polycarbonates according to the invention by melt polycondensation of aromatic dihydroxy compounds and carbonic acid diesters, is characterized by using a catalyst comprising (a) a nitrogen containing basic compound and (b) aromatic dihydroxy compound of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound, or (a) and (b) and (c) boric acid or boric ester.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a variety of engineering polymers and copolymers, in particular aromatic polymers and copolymers which comprises reacting a stannylated reactant containing a first monomeric or polymeric moiety with an electrophilic reactant, usually a di(acid chloride) containing a second monomeric or polymeric moiety. The intermediate and second compound react by way of a condensation reaction to eliminate the tin and polymerise together the first and second moieties. Some novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared using this method.

Abstract: Cyclic polycarbonate oligomers are converted to linear polycarbonates by the catalytic action of a monobasic metal salicylate. The polymerization reaction takes place only at relatively high temperatures, typically above about 220.degree. C., and rapidly only at temperatures above about 250.degree. C., and is therefore particularly useful in such operations as resin transfer molding. The catalyst may be coated on a fibrous reinforcing material used for composite formation.

Abstract: Melanin is used as the absorbing pigment for radiation protective eyeware. Thus, a melanin-plastic copolymer was formed by adding a catalyst (benzoyl peroxide) to the liquid monomer, diethylene glycol bis allyl carbonate (CR-39), which contained dissolved catechol (a melanin precursor); the solution was heated for one day at 50 degrees celsius and an additional two days at 65 degrees celsius and yielded an optically transparent solid plastic with amber color and with an optical absorption spectrum very close to that associated with melanin.

Abstract: A process for preparing polycarbonates according to the invention by melt polycondensation of aromatic dihydroxy compounds and carbonic acid diesters, is characterized by using an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a carbonic acid diester, wherein the combined content of hydrolyzable chlorine in those monomers falls within the particular range. Another process for preparing polycarbonates according to the invention by melt polycondensation of aromatic dihydroxy compounds and carbonic acid diesters, is characterized by using a catalyst comprising (a) a nitrogen containing basic compound and (b) aromatic hihydroxy compound of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound, or (a) and (b) and (c) boric acid or boric ester.

Abstract: Homo- and copolycarbonates of spirobiindane bisphenols are prepared by first reacting phosgene with a substantially pure spirobiindane bisphenol in the presence of aqueous base in a heterogeneous medium at a pH in the range of about 9-11, and subsequently adding an interfacial polycarbonate formation catalyst and, optionally, a dihydroxyaromatic compound and a chain termination agent and continuing phosgene passage at a pH of at least about 10. By this method, there may be prepared homo- and copolycarbonates of 6,6'-dihydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1-spiro(bis)indane having high molecular weight. Said homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates with bisphenol A may be used for manufacture of optical disks having low birefrigence.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a variety of engineering polymers and copolymers, in particular aromatic polymers and copolymers which comprises reacting a stannylated reactant containing a first monomeric or polymeric moiety with an electrophilic reactant, usually a di(acid chloride) containing a second monomeric or polymeric moiety. The intermediate and second compound react by way of a condensation reaction to eliminate the tin and polymerize together the first and second moieties. Some novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared using this method.

Abstract: Polycyclic polycarbonate oligomers are prepared by the reaction of a bishaloformate and a tetrahydroxyaromatic compound (and optionally also a dihydroxy compound) in the presence of an olefinic tertiary amine and an aqueous slurry of an aldaline earth metal base. The proportion of water in the reaction mixture is up to about 15% by volume of the organic phase. The bishaloformate and hydroxy compounds, and most often also the amine, are preferably added gradually to the other materials.

Abstract: A method for preparing thermoplastic carbonate polymers terminated with hydroxy groups is disclosed, in which a dihydric phenol is reacted with a carbonyl halide in the presence of a monotetrahydropyranyl ether salt. The hydroxy-terminated polymer is then obtained by cleaving the tetrahydropyranyl group with oxalic acid or a hydrogen halide acid.

Abstract: A method for producing a high molecular weight polycarbonate admixed with carbon materials which comprises(a) adding a polymerizing effective amount of an acidic metallic catalyst system to aromatic cyclic carbonate oligomers admixed with a carbon material, and(b) polymerizing the mixture of carbon material and aromatic cyclic carbonate oligomers to a high molecular weight aromatic polycarbonate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing aromatic polyketone, comprising reacting a compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.12 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or an alkoxy group; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 respectively represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and n is an integer of from 0 to 5,with phosgene (i) in the presence of a fluoroalkanesulfonic acid or (ii) in hydrogen fluoride in the presence of boron trifluoride at a temperature of from 65.degree. to 90.degree. C.

Abstract: Cyclic polycarbonate oligomers are polymerized to linear polycarbonates by contact with a polycarbonate formation catalyst which has been modified by contacting the same with at least one diaryl carbonate, preferably diphenyl carbonate. Said modification decreases the polymerization rate or introduces an induction period into the polymerization reaction.

Abstract: Boron- and nitrogen-containing compositions prepared by the reaction of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide with a trialkyl or triaryl borate are useful for the preparation of the active catalyst species in the transesterification of reaction for the production of polycarbonates or polyester-polycarbonates from diaryl carbonates (optionally in admixture with diaryl dicarboxylates) and dihydroxyaromatic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a continuous process for the preparation of copolycarbonates of sulfonyl diphenol (SDP) containing at least about 15, preferably about 15 to about 80 percent by weight of SDP and characterized in the particular system catalyzing the process reaction. The invention thus entails improvements and modifications to the known interfacial polycondensation process rendering it applicable to the preparation of copolycarbonates containing a high level of SDP comprising a combination of catalysts namely a phase transfer catalyst and a condensation catalyst.

Abstract: Novel heat resistant polycarbonates are provided which are the polymerized reaction products of:(i) a carbonate precursor; and(ii) at least one dihydric phenol selected from dihydric phenols represented by the general formulae ##STR1## wherein: each R.sup.1 is independently selected from halogen radicals, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent hydrocarbonoxy radicals;each R.sup.2 is independently selected from halogen radicals, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and monovalent hydrocarbonoxy radicals;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from monovalent hydrocarbon radicals;R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, with the proviso that if R.sup.3 is a hydrogen radical than at least one of the monovalent hydrocarbon radicals represented by R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 contains at least two carbon atoms;R.sup.7 is selected from hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals;R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyzed interfacial polycondensation aromatic polycarbonate process which comprises forming an agitated two-phase mixture comprising an organic solvent phase with catalyst and an aqueous phase containing an aromatic dihydroxy compound, a base and an ionic surfactant. A carbonyl halide is added to the mixture and reacted with the aromatic dihydroxy compound to form an aromatic polycarbonate. The aromatic polycarbonate is recovered from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyphosphonatocarbonates prepared by polycondensing at least one aromatic dihydroxy compound with a diaryl carbonate and a phosphonic acid diaryl ester in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (a) tetra-C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl titanates, (b) di-C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkyl-tin oxides, (c) di-C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkyl-di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-tin compounds, (d) tetra-C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 -alkyl zirconates, (e) tri-C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 -alkyl vanadylates and (f) mixtures of germanium dioxide or titanium dioxide and at least one of (a) to (e) in a weight ratio of 1:3 to 3:1 at a temperature of from 80.degree.-340.degree. C. and under a pressure of 600 to 0.1 mm Hg in an inert gaseous atmosphere, the molar ratio of diaryl carbonate to phosphonic diaryl ester being from 5:95 to 95:5 and the molar ratio of aromatic dihydroxy compound to the sum of diaryl carbonates and phosphonic diaryl ester being from 0.91:1 to 0.99:1.

Abstract: Non-Newtonian flow characteristics are achieved by partially end-capping a polycarbonate with a sulfonated compound. The novel polymers are used in blow molding applications.

Abstract: This invention is concern with a method of preparing a polycarbonate resin by passing a solution of dihydric phenol through a source of hydrogen and reacting the solution with carbon monoxide.This is a division of application Ser. No. 218,501, filed Dec. 22, 1980 and now U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,264 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 32,663 filed Apr. 23, 1979 and now U.S. Pat. 4,243,779 .

Abstract: The new thermoplastic copolyester carbonates which are based on polybutylene glycols and hexahydrophthalic acid or trimethyladipic acid, as well as admixtures of copolyester carbonates of this type with known polycarbonates are suitable for thermoplastic moulding compositions, particularly where good stability to solvents, such as petrol, is required.

Abstract: A process for the production of a substantially clear and colorless, or at most slightly tinted, polyarylcarbonates useful to form molded structural and engineering articles suitable to replace metal parts, or for use in electrical appliances to form lenses, safety shields, instrument windows and the like is disclosed.The tendency of color formation in polycarbonates and polyarylates prepared by transesterification and polycondensation is reduced or inhibited by carrying out the transesterification reaction while the reaction mixture contacts only metal surfaces of selective metals, or glass. The metal surfaces are provided by such metals as tantalum, nickel, or chromium or mixtures thereof. The reaction is carried out in reactors or systems which are substantially totally made of such metals, or reactors or systems clad or lined with a layer of such metals or glass.

Abstract: Polycarbonate resins which have been polymerized employing titanates as polymerizing agents generally have characteristic undesirable color. Removal of this color is accomplished by treatment of the polycarbonate resin with a quantity of an organic acid anhydride, optionally employing a smaller amount of a mineral acid, in addition for lower temperature decolorization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in the phase boundary polycondensation process for the preparation of aromatic, in particular thermoplastic, polycarbonates comprising carrying out the process in the presence of a saturated solution of alkali metal salts.

Abstract: A polycarbonate transesterification process comprising reacting a bis(ortho-nitroaryl)carbonate and a dihydric phenol under transesterification reaction conditions.

Abstract: Poly(arylene ketones) are prepared by the reaction of difunctional aromatic compounds with derivatives of thio- or dithiocarbonic acids in the presence of a superacid catalyst system. In a preferred embodiment, diphenyl ether reacts with S-methyl chlorothioformate in HF/BF.sub.3 to produce poly(p-phenyleneoxy-p-phenylene carbonyl), i.e.

Abstract: Process for preparation of poly(ester-carbonates) from aromatic diol bis(alkylcarbonates) and esters of dicarboxylic, and/or carboxylate-carbonate esters of hydroxy acids by suitably heating the reactants in the presence of a suitable polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: An improved aromatic polycarbonate transesterification process comprising reacting a bis(aryl)carbonate and a phenol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst containing tetraborate or tetraaluminate anions, the improvement wherein the catalyst species is pre-formed under equilibration reaction conditions with either a phenol or a bis(aryl)carbonate prior to initiation of the transesterification reaction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of polycarbonates of Mw 20,000 to 180,000 by transesterification of diphenols and carbonic acid dialkyl esters in the presence of organo-tin-IV compounds and a monophenol.

Abstract: An improved aromatic polycarbonate transesterification process comprising reacting a bis(aryl)carbonate and a dihydric phenol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst contains an aluminum hydride or borohydride group.

Abstract: A polycarbonate transesterification process comprising reacting (ortho-alkoxycarbonylaryl)carbonates and dihydric phenol under transesterification reaction conditions.

Abstract: A polycarbonate transesterification process comprising reacting a bis(ortho-haloaryl)carbonate and a dihydric phenol under transesterification reaction conditions.

Abstract: An improved polycarbonate transesterification process comprising reacting mixtures of bis(ortho-haloaryl)carbonate/-ortho-haloaryl aryl carbonate and a dihydric phenol under transesterification reaction conditions.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with a single step process for the production of diphenol terminated polycarbonates by the transesterification of diphenols, bis-aryl carbonates and polymeric diols with aliphatically bound terminal hydroxyl groups. These diols are selected from polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers and polyacetals. The transesterification is carried out at elevated temperatures under vacuum optionally in the presence of a catalyst with the ratios of the reactants being such as to avoid the retention of any terminal aliphatic hydroxyl groups or aryl carbonate groups.

Abstract: A process for preparing polycarbonate oligomers by reacting phosgene with an alkaline aqueous solution containing an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of a dihydric phenol in the presence of an inert organic solvent, which comprises previously cooling said alkaline aqueous solution to not higher than 0.degree. C., reacting the cooled aqueous solution with phosgene to perform a phosgenation reaction and also to absorb the heat of the phosgenation reaction by the quantity of heat that said cooled aqueous solution has, thereby to adjust the phosgenation reaction system substantially to not higher than 10.degree. C., and then oligomerizing the phosgenation product at a temperature of 15.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: A continuous process for obtaining highly pure, high molecular weight aromatic polycarbonates from highly pure, halogenated diphenols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polycondensates of the formula 10, their use for absorbing metal ions of the transition elements of the periodic system and their use for the preparation of polymers containing metals of formula 11 which have e.g. improved resistance to heat and to chemicals compared to the corresponding polycondensates of formula 10.

Abstract: An improved polycarbonate transesterification process comprising reacting mixtures of bis(ortho-haloaryl)carbonate/-ortho-haloaryl aryl carbonate and a dihydric phenol under transesterification reaction conditions.