Abstract: A self-doped conducting polymer having along its backbone a .pi.-electron conjugated system which comprises a plurality of monomer units, between about 0.01 and 100 mole % of the units having covalently linked thereto at least one Bronsted acid group. The conductive zwitterionic polymer is also provided, as are monomers useful in the preparation of the polymer and electrodes comprising the polymer.

Abstract: Oligomeric monomers are produced by reaction of a bisphenol compound with ther a dihalobenzophenone or a (2, 2) bis (4-halophenyl) hexafluoropropane and any other activated halogen containing aromatic compounds in the presence of a base and an appropriate solvent. The resulting oligomeric product, a dialkaline bisphenate terminated salt, is then reacted with 4-nitrophthalonitrile to form an oligomer-based phthalonitrile. These oligomers, in the presence or absence of an curing agent, may then be heated to form high temperature thermosetting polymers. These polymers can potentially be used as advanced materials for composites, as adhesives, and for microelectronic applications.

Abstract: A two step solvent-free process for the preparation of polycarbonates having a low degree of branching is disclosed. Accordingly, the process comprise(i) transesterifying in the melt, at temperatures of from 80.degree. to 250.degree. C. and under atmospheric pressure and for a time of up to five hours of diphenols and carbonic acid diaryl esters in the presence of a catalyst to form an oligocarbonate having a weight average molecular weight of from 8,000 to 18,000 and an OH-end group content of from 25 to 50%, and(ii) polycondensing of said oligocarbonate at temperatures of from 250.degree. C. to 295.degree. C. and pressures of from <500 mbar to 0. 01 mbar,said catalyst being present in an amount of 10.sup.-1 to 10.sup.-8 tool of a catalyst per tool of diphenol, said catalyst being at least one member selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds and quaternary phosphonium compounds.

Abstract: Novel cyclic imino ether compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties, when polymerized, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: A process of making poly(dianhydride) compounds having formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## where m is 0 to 50. ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 20 and X is bond junction, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, SO.sub.2, C(CF.sub.3), CO, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2, CH.sub.2, and CHOH.

Abstract: A copolymer of an aromatic anhydride and an aliphatic ester suitable for use in surgical devices and a process for making said copolymer.

Abstract: Bioerodible polyarylates derived from biocompatible dicarboxylic acids and natural amino acid-derived diphenol starting materials. Molded articles and controlled drug delivery systems prepared from the polyarylates are also disclosed.

Abstract: Fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides suitable for use as controlled release matrices in biodegradable sustained release drug delivery systems and methods for making thereof are described. The polymers are more soluble in organic solvents, and have a lower melting point than the corresponding non-fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides. The fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides are also more hydrophobic than the corresponding polyanhydrides that are not terminated with a fatty acid, and combine the properties of thermodynamic and hydrolytic stability, and easy storage. The polymers can be produced with a controlled and low molecular weight. The polyanhydrides are useful in a number of applications, including as a matrix in biodegradable drug delivery systems.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing more than one vicinal epoxide group per molecule and at least one thiadiazole, oxadiazole or both thiadiazole and oxadiazole moiety per molecule are disclosed, as well as curable and cured compositions thereof. Certain of these epoxy resins possess enantiotropic liquid crystallinity. These enantiotropic epoxy resins are useful in preparing copolymers with high glass transition temperatures and liquid crystalline morphology, which can result in enhanced unidirectional mechanical properties. These epoxy resins are useful in coating, casting, encapsulation, electronic or structural laminate or composite, filament winding or molding applications.

Abstract: Poly(dianhydride) compounds having formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## where m is 0 to 50. ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 20 and X is bond junction, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, SO.sub.2, C(CF.sub.3), CO, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2, CH.sub.2, and CHOH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyesters capable to give moldings having excellent flow characteristics, heat resistance and mechanical properties.These polyesters are prepared by copolymerizing specified amounts of specific dioxycompounds such as t-butylhydroquinone, phenylhydroquinone and so on with polyesters comprising specified amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, hydroquinone and terephthalic acid or terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.

Abstract: Novel polyiminocarbonates having molecular weights exceeding 70,000 daltons. Novel solution polymerization and interfacial polymerization processes for the preparation of polyiminocarbonates in which cyanate compounds are reacted with diphenol compounds in the presence of a strong base catalyst.

Abstract: Cyclic poly(aryl ether) oligomers and mixtures thereof, and methods for the preparation thereof in a highly dilute reaction medium under reaction conditions favorable for ring closure at low degrees of polymerization. These oligomers are represented by the general formula ##STR1## where each Y is divalent oxygen or divalent sulfur, each Ar is an aromatic diradical which comprises one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 arylene groups and has at least one electron withdrawing group attached to an aromatic ring, and n is an integer from 1 to about 20 with the proviso that for integer values of n equal to 1 or 2 all linkages between independent aromatic rings comprise at least one atom.

Abstract: A color-developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper sheets is obtained using an aqueous suspension of a color-developing composition containing a multivalent metal salt of a salicylic acid resin obtained from a salicylic acid ester and a mixture of styrenes which include a styrene dimer, which aqueous suspension is obtained by finely wet-grinding the color-developing composition in the presence of at least one anionic, water-soluble, high-molecular weight substance selected from (a) polyvinyl alcohol derivatives containing at least one sulfonic acid group thereof and salts thereof and (b) polymers and copolymers containing as an essential component a styrenesulfonic acid salt.

Abstract: A single reactor process for formation of block copolymers comprising aromatic ester mesogenic units containing flexible alkane spacers and polyester flexible coil units in the main chain thereof which comprises reacting an .alpha.,.omega.-bis(hydroxybenzoyloxy) alkane monomer with an aromatic acid chloride in the presence of a functionalized flexible coil oligomer under temperature conditions in which an acid chloride-terminated bis(hydroxyalkyl terephthalate) oligomer was first formed at a first, lower temperature and the block copolymer was then formed at a second, higher temperature by reacting this oligomer with the functionalized flexible coil oligomer.

Abstract: New and useful aromatic polyethers, which are high in glass transition temperatures, possess excellent mechanical properties, thermal resistance, solvent resistance, and generate fluorescence, are described. Also described are fluorescent resin compositions containing the aromatic polyethers. Processes for preparing the aromatic polyethers and the fluorescent resin compositions are also described.

Abstract: Curing of phthalonitrile monomers and prepolymers is accelerated by inclusion of an acid curing agent. Cured phthalonitrile polymers have high thermal oxidative stability and are useful as resins in various compositions and as adhesives.

Abstract: Poly(dianhydride) compounds having formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## where m is 0 to 50. ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 20 and X is bond junction, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, SO.sub.2, C(CF.sub.3), CO, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2, CH.sub.2, and CHOH.

Abstract: Polymerization or cure of di-phthalonitrile monomers or prepolymers by a curing agent selected from (a) an acid and an amine, (b) a salt of an acid and an amine, and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b). In a preferred embodiment, the curing agents are amine salts which are reaction products of an aromatic amine and an aromatic sulfonic acid. The use of the novel curing agents enhances curing rates and results in polymers which have high Tg.

Abstract: A melanin that is soluble in an aqueous solution at a pH between 5 and 9 at a temperature of 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. Advantageously, the melanin is capable of being filtered through at least a 0.45 micron size filter, and has a molecular weight of greater than 10,000 kilodaltons. The melanin is useful for providing a naturally-appearing tan to mammalian skin and hair. Such melanin can be produced by combining dopachrome and an appropriate enzyme, or by incubating 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid alone or with 5,6-dihydroxyindole, or with 3-amino-tyrosine. The melanin is also useful for providing a sun-screen to mammalian skin and hair, to treat post-inflammatory hypo- and hyperpigmentation, to tint glass and plastic, to protect industrial materials against ultraviolet damage, and as a coloring agent in foodstuffs such as coffee, tea, soda, whiskey and liquors.

Abstract: A multiply-branched aliphatic-aromatic polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing a branching reactant represented by the general formula ##STR1## Each j is 1 or 2, each Ar is independently selected from the group consisting of aromatic and heteroaromatic moieties having a total of ring carbons and heteroatoms of from 5 to about 20, each R.sup.1 is a linking group independently selected from alkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbons, fluoroalkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbons, --O--, --S--, --C.tbd.C--, and ##STR2## Z.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3, and each Z.sup.2 is independently selected from groups having the structural formula ##STR3## wherein each R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.g --OH, wherein g is an integer from 1 to 3, or Z.sup.

Abstract: A multiply-branched aliphatic-aromatic polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 groups of a branching reactant having the general formula Z.sup.1 --Ar--(Z.sup.2)j. In this formula, j is 2 or 3 and Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 1 to 3, solitary or linked or fused, substituted or unsubstituted, five or six membered rings. One of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a group having the ##STR1## general formula in which R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.d --OH, wherein d is an integer from 1 to 3; and the other is a group having the general formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 is a divalent alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and g is an integer from 0 to about 100.

Abstract: The invention is a process for making novel branched polybenzazole polymers and the polymers formed thereby. Novel compounds are also disclosed that are useful as branching agents in making the branched polybenzazole polymers. The branched polymers synthesized by the process can be formed into strong, light articles such as fibers and films.

Abstract: A melanin that is soluble in an aqueous solution at a pH of at least 5 to 9 at a temperature of 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. The melanin is further characterized by being capable of being filtered through at least a 0.45 micron size filter. Still further, the melanin is characterized by having a molecular weight of greater than 10,000 kilodaltons. The melanin is useful for providing a naturally-appearing tan to mammalian skin and hair. Such melanin can be produced by combining dopachrome and 5,6-dihydroxyindole (or allowing dopachrome to spontaneously form 5,6-dihydroxyindole) and an appropriate enzyme or by combining 5,6-dihydroxyindole and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid or by incubating 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid alone. The melanin is also useful for providing a sun-screen to mammalian skin and hair.

Abstract: Bioerodible polyarylates derived from biocompatible dicarboxylic acids and natural amino acid-derived diphenol starting materials. Molded articles and controlled drug delivery systems prepared from the polyarylates are also disclosed.

Abstract: A multiply-branched cycloalkyl polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 groups of a branching reactant having the general formula (Z.sup.1)j-CYCLO-(Z.sup.2)k, in which j is 1 or 2, k is 1 or 2, j+k is 3, 4, or 5. CYCLO is selected from the group consisting of non-aromatic ring systems having from 1 to 8, solitary or fused or linked alkyl or heteroalkyl rings. One of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a group having the general formula ##STR1## and the other is --OH, --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3, or a group having the general formula ##STR2## R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O-- (CH.sub.2).sub.d --OH, wherein d is an integer from 1 to 3. R.sup.2 is a divalent alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and g is an integer from 0 to about 100. If CYCLO is a solitary ring then j+k is 3, 4, or 5. If Z.sup.1 is bonded to a linear aliphatic linking group then Z.sup.

Abstract: AB-polybenzoxazole monomer, such as 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, can be synthesized in high yields from a hydroxy-benzoic acid or related compound in a three-step process of (1) nitration, (2) hydrolysis of the ester, and (3) reduction of the nitro moiety. The monomer is conveniently recovered as a phosphate salt in high purity by precipitating and recrystallizing from a phosphoric acid solution. The monomer may be polymerized in high concentrations in polyphosphoric acid containing high levels of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 to yield a high molecular weight polymer without dehydrohalogenation.

Abstract: Poly(dianhydride) compounds having formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## where m is 0 to 50. ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 20 and X is bond junction, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, SO.sub.2, C(CF.sub.3), CO, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CF.sub.1 --O--CF.sub.2, CH.sub.2, and CHOH.The compounds are intermediates for certain resins.

Abstract: An improved method for producing multiply-branched polyester comprising condensing a reactant having the general formula Z.sup.1 --Ar--(Z.sup.2).sub.j, wherein j is 2 or 3, Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 1 to 3, solitary or linked or fused, five or six membered rings, and one of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a carboxyl group and the other is a group having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, X is selected from the group consisting of fluoro and chloro and g is an integer from 0 to about 7.

Abstract: A single reactor process for formation of block copolymers comprising aromatic ester mesogenic units containing flexible alkane spacers and polyester flexible coil units in the main chain thereof which comprises:(a) reacting an .alpha., .omega.-bis(hydroxybenzoyloxy) alkane monomer with an aromatic acid chloride in a reactor to form a functionalized liquid crystal oligomer containing such mesoenic units; and(b) thereafter reacting the oligomer from (a) in the same reactor with either (i) a polyester oligomer; or (ii) the reagents for synthesizing the polyester oligomer (i).

Abstract: A polyester is provided that comprises as main monomer components thereof a dicarboxylic acid and a diol, including a p-quaterphenyl derivative of specific formula. The use of appropriate kinds of dicarboxylic acid for the polyester makes it possible to obtain a thermoplastic elastomer or an engineering plastic material (i.e., liquid-crystal polymer).

Abstract: Fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides suitable for use as controlled release matrices in biodegradable sustained release drug delivery systems and methods for making thereof are described. The polymers are more soluble in organic solvents, and have a lower melting point than the corresponding non-fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides. The fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides are also more hydrophobic than the corresponding polyanhydrides that are not terminated with a fatty acid, and combine the properties of thermodynamic and hydrolytic stability, and easy storage. The polymers can be produced with a controlled and low molecular weight. The polyanhydrides are useful in a number of applications, including as a matrix in biodegradable drug delivery systems.

Abstract: A polyanhydride suitable for use as a matrix material in controlled delivery devices polymerized from monomers of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R', and R" are the same or a different aliphatic chain of C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 or hydrogen; m, n, and p are integers from 0 and 20; y is 0 or 1; and, if y is 0, one of R or R' is not H.

Abstract: New and useful aromatic polyethers, which are high in glass transition temperatures, possess excellent mechanical properties, thermal resistance, solvent resistance, and generate fluorescence, are described. Also described are fluorescent resin compositions containing the aromatic polyethers. Processes for preparing the aromatic polyethers and the fluorescent resin compositions are also described.

Abstract: A polyether copolymer comprising the repeating units represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## and the repeating units represented by the following formula (II) ##STR2## the molar ratio of (I)/{(I)+(II)} being from 0.1 to 0.8 and the polyether copolymer having a melt viscosity of at least 500 poise as measured at 400.degree. C. is produced by allowing a dihalogenobenzonitrile, 1,4-bis(4'-halobenzoyl)benzene, and 4,4'-biphenol to react with each other in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of an alkali metal compound. The polyether copolymer exhibits excellent heat-resistance, solvent resistance, and mechanical strength, and is suitable as a material for resin compositions, heat-resistant laminates, fiber, and film.

Abstract: Novel polyiminocarbonates having molecular weights exceeding 70,000 daltons. Novel solution polymerization and interfacial polymerization processes for the preparation of polyiminocarbonates in which cyanate compounds are reacted with diphenol compounds in the presence of a strong base catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a medium incorporating melanin for radiation protection.

Abstract: Novel polyimide based films are disclosed that are resistant to arc tracking and that include aromatic dianhydrides together with aromatic diamines and aliphatic diamines. The compositions contain from 5 to 20 percent by weight of the aliphatic diamine. These compositions maximize the thermal aging capability of the polyimide. The compositions are useful as films and laminates for wire and cable.

Abstract: Described herein are novel monomers, polyketals derived from such monomer, improved process for the production of such monomers and a process for producing the polyketals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel polymer of this invention which comprises having a recurring unit represented by the formula: ##STR1## and having a reduced viscosity (.eta.sp/c) of 0.2 dl/g or more at 60.degree. C. in a solution of a concentration of 0.2 g/dl in p-chlorophenol as a solvent, a method for preparing the same which comprises reacting a dihalogenobenzonitrile represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein X represents a halogen atom, with an alkali metal salt of resorcin represented by the formula: ##STR3## wherein M represents an alkali metal, in the presence of a solvent, and then treating the reaction product obtained by water or alcohol, and molding materials and molded products employing the polycyanoaryl ether.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is directed to polycyanoarylether membranes. These membranes are formed by reacting an aromatic diol with a dihalobenzonitrile or dinitrobenzonitrile in the presence of a base and a polar, aprotic solvent. These membranes can be provided as either homopolymers or copolymers.

Abstract: A wholly aromatic polyester film, (A) which is made of a wholly aromatic polyester consisting essentially of the following recurring units I and II ##STR1## wherein the aromatic ring may be optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a halogen atom and a phenyl group, said wholly aromatic polyetser comprising 10 to 90 mol % of the recurring unit I and 90 to 10 mol % of the recurring unti II, being capable of forming an optically anisotropic melt phase, and having a melt strength at a temperature 20.degree. C. higher than its transition temperature to liquid crystal of at least 2.0 g/mm.sup.2 ; (B) said film having an oxygen permeability of not more than 1.0 cc. 20 .mu./m.sup.2. day. atm at a temperature 20.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of high molecular weight crystalline aromatic polyether ketones from an aromatic dihydroxy compound and an aromatic dihalogeno compound which contains a keto group, characterized in that N-C1-C5 alkyl caprolactam solvents and a mixture of alkali metal compounds consisting of at least one alkali metal carbonate and at least one compound selected from alkali metal hydroxides, bicarbonates, fluorides, hydrides, alkoxides (e.g. methylates or ethylates) and alkylates (e.g. ethyls or butyls) are used.

Abstract: Bis-phthalonitrile resins are cured using ionic metal phthalocyanine acceators. The ionic metal phthalocyanines are nontoxic and accelerate the cure rate of the resins without adversely affecting cured polymer strength. Di-Na, di-Li, Mg and Cd phthalocyanines in particular provide excellent cure acceleration. Also, the metal phthalocyanine can be made soluble in the resin by appropriate substitution of the aromatic rings, thus providing for homogenous polymerization.

Abstract: Flame-resistant thermoplastic branched polycarbonates of high molecular weight are prepared from:(1) a carbonate precursor;(2) at least one dihydroxyaromatic compound of formula: ##STR1## where: R is a single bond, or a substituted or non-substituted linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkylene radical, or a group chosen from O, S, SO.sub.2 and CO;X and Y, which may be the same or different, are H or CH.sub.3 ;m and n, which may be the same or different, are whole numbers from 1 to 4;(3) at least one halogenated triphenolbenzamido compound of formula: ##STR2## where: Z is a group chosen from CO and SO.sub.2 ;R.sub.1 is chlorine or brominep is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A process for extruding a smooth and uniform film or sheet of an ordered poly(ether ketone ketone) having a thickness of about 2.5 to 250 micrometers, wherein the molten extrudate is quenched on a drum maintained at a temperature of about 100.degree.-170.degree. C.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin comprising either a structural unit derived from a spiro ring-containing dihydric phenol, or such a structural unit and a structural unit derived from a dihydric phenol, and a process for producing the same. The polycarbonate resin has excellent flowability and moldability, and also improved optical properties (low refractive index, large Abbe number, etc.), and can be advantageously used in various fields, e.g., as a material for molded articles for optical use and other precision molded articles.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing hydroxybenzoic acid polyer resins with a high degree of heat resistance and a high degree of polymerization, and is characterized in that: with the aid of intermediate transformation of phenol and by means of esterification, polyester can directly be obtained by polycondensation from the only starting material hydroxybenzoic acid. The transfer medium phenol existing in the distillates mixture can directly and repeatedly be used without any compensation. The product obtained in this invention is low cost, having a high degree of polymerization, 80-90% yield and in less than 1 hr, with 3% weight loss percentage at 400.degree. C. It can be used for various industrial and engineering purposes wherever heat-resistant, abrasion-resistant, self-lubricating, good heat conducting, dielectric, solvent and radiation resisting properties are required.

Abstract: Partly fluorinated carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, processes for their preparation and their use. Partly fluorinated carboxylic acids, in particular a partly fluorinated dicarboxylic acid, its acid chloride and partly fluorinated tetracarboxylic acids having various fluorine contents and their dianhydrides are obtained by atmospheric oxidation in an acid medium and at elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst mixture of at least two heavy metal compounds and bromide ions. The compounds are used for the preparation of polycondensates and linear polycarboxylic acid amides and -carboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: High temperature polymeric materials, which are easily process into void-free components, are needed for use in composites for advanced aerospace applications. These materials could bridge the gap between currently-used polymeric materials and ceramics or metal. Phthalonitrile resins can be used as high temperature polymeric material and 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene can be used as a curing agent to reduce voids and benzene can be used as a curing agent to reduce voids and blisters formed from volatiles during polymerization.