Abstract: A drilling fluid having extremely desirable physical properties which comprises an aqueous solution of a hydroxyalkyl polysaccharide derivative and a water soluble ionic aluminum crosslinking agent, preferably sodium aluminate.

Abstract: Acidic polysaccharides of the type obtainable by microbial fermentation of an organic material such as a carbohydrate (e.g., xanthan gum) form novel amine salts with aliphatic or alicyclic polyamines having at least three amino nitrogen atoms and a molecular weight of at least 150. The amine salts may be used for isolation of the microbial polysaccharide from its fermentation broth by a process comprising the steps of acidifying, forming the amine salt by adding the amine or a salt thereof, and reducing the inorganic salt concentration as necessary (e.g., by dilution).

Abstract: A cellulose product containing hemicellulose derived from corn hulls is treated under acidic conditions to obtain purified cellulose having present at least about 70 percent alpha-cellulose. Hemicellulose or a xylose-containing solution may also be obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a deacetylated borate-biosynthetic gum or a partially deacetylated borate-biosynthetic gum having improved dispersion characteristics. The invention also relates to a method of preparing such compositions.

Abstract: Filterability of aqueous solutions of polymers employed to thicken waterfloods such as biopolymers (e.g. heteropolysaccharides) is improved by addition of a surfactant (e.g. a sulfated alkoxylated alcohol). Filterability is further enhanced by addition of an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant and/or an alcohol.

Abstract: A process for producing modified heteropolysaccharides derived from a bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas, comprising the steps: (a) preparing an aqueous solution which contains (i) from about 200 to about 30,000 parts per million, by weight of an impure and unmodified heteropolysaccharide product and (ii) at least about 0.5 weight percent of at least one salt to obtain a saline heteropolysaccharide solution; (b) heating said saline heteropolysaccharide solution to a temperature of at least about 100.degree. C.; (c) maintaining said saline heteropolysaccharide solution at a temperature of at least about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of treating Hypercholesterolemia in mammals is described herein. The blood cholesterol level in mammals is reduced by orally administering an effective amount of oat or barley gum.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel hydraulic fluid composition adapted for fracturing of subterranean formations, which comprises (1) an aqueous medium, (2) methyl ether of polygalactomannan gum as a gelling agent, and (3) a breaker additive for subsequent reduction of fluid viscosity.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for producing alkyl ethers of polygalactomannan gum by contacting polygalactomannan gum with alkyl halide in the presence of a metal hydroxide catalyst and a quaternary ammonium phase-transfer agent.

Abstract: Phosphated locust bean gum is cold water soluble and does not require heat or high shear to form viscous solutions in water. Blends of phosphated locust bean gum and xanthan gums are also cold water soluble and such blends will form highly viscous gels in water without the application of heat or high shear agitation. Such gels are useful as suspending media for a variety of materials, e.g., seeds used in fluid drilling planting operations.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel aialkylacrylamide ether adduct of polygalactomannan gum composition. This invention further provides a novel hydraulic fluid composition adapted for fracturing of subterranean formations, which composition contains dialkylacrylamide ether adduct of polygalactomannan gum as a gelling agent.

Abstract: A xanthan gum fermentation beer containing at least about 1% gum is filtered at a temperature of at least about 112.degree. C. The gum subsequently recovered from the filtrate has improved clarity.

Abstract: Water soluble and water swellable highly substituted polysaccharide derivatives are prepared in highly concentrated aqueous solutions under controlled reaction conditions. The resultant derivatives are produced efficiently and readily isolated in solid form.

Abstract: An aqueous xanthan gum polymer solution that contains bacterial cell bodies can be clarified by enzymatically disintegrating the cell bodies and/or filtering the solution to remove suspended solids. The clarification is improved by initiating an enzymatic disintegration but, before the cell bodies are completely disintegrated, contacting the solution with particles of solid siliceous material at an adsorption-enhancing pH, and then filtering-out the siliceous solids and the partially-disintegrated cell bodies that are adsorbed on them.

Abstract: Heavy metal contaminants which are normally present in trace amounts are removed from those algae of the genera Gigartina and Iridaea which contain a major amount of lambda type or non-gel-forming carrageenan and from the carrageenan itself by soaking the algae in a solution containing a water-soluble potassium salt which does not cause appreciable extraction of the carrageenan from the algae.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nitrate esters of galactomannan gums and methods of making them comprising reacting a galactomannan gum with a nitrating acid. Nitrate esters of galactomannan gums are useful as thickeners and gelling agents for certain organic solvents.

Abstract: Corn hulls and like materials are subjected to a treatment to obtain two fractions therefrom comprising a holocellulose fraction and a non-carbohydrate fraction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a resin-like material suitable for formed articles by cross-linking a saccharide-containing substance with glyoxal in water by controlling, by accelerating or retarding, the rate of the crosslinking reaction by the use of an alkali halide by dissolving or dispersing the alkali halide, saccharide-containing substance and glyoxal in water, causing the mixture to react by the application of heat, and removing moisture from the reacted mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a bonded particulate article by admixing particulate material with a binder system, the binder system being formed by admixing a polyol selected from the group comprising a saccharide, a saccharide polymer, and a glyco protein with glyoxal, with a solvent, and with an alkali halide; forming the admixture in a heated mold; removing the bonded article from the mold; and allowing it to cool.

Abstract: Modified kappa-carrageenan containing hydroxyalkyl groups each having two to three carbon atoms, the degree of substitution of such groups above the corresponding unsubstituted kappa-carrageenan being from 0.1 to 2.0 meq. per gram, forms aqueous gels exhibiting decreased syneresis and melting point and increased compliancy as compared with the corresponding unmodified kappa-carrageenan. The modified kappa-carrageenan is useful in food products as well as in latex paint.

Abstract: The water solubility of certain heteropolysaccharide salts of calcium is enhanced by effecting the dissolution thereof conjointly with an organic acid or anhydride thereof having at least one pK value between 5 and 7, the calcium salt or salts of such organic acid or anhydride itself or themselves being soluble in water.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel dialkylacrylamide ether adduct of polygalactomannan gum composition. This invention further provides a novel hydraulic fluid composition adapted for fracturing of subterranean formations, which composition contains dialkylacrylamide ether adduct of polygalactomannan gum as a gelling agent.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of food values from oats is disclosed. Acid-soluble protein may be obtained by de-oiling comminuted groats, treating the de-oiled groats with an aqueous solution of pH 9.5-11.5, acidifying the alkaline solution after separation of insoluble material to a pH of 1.8-3.2, preferably 2.2-2.8, and separating acid-soluble protein from the acidified solution after separation of insoluble material. Each step in the process is controlled so as to minimize denaturing of acid-soluble protein. Techniques for separation of acid-soluble protein from the acidified solution are disclosed. The separation of other protein products, bran, flour and gum is also disclosed. The use of protein products as emulsifying agents is disclosed.

Abstract: Hydroxyalkyl ethers of hydroxyalkoxy polysaccharides are prepared by reacting the corresponding polysaccharide first with an epoxide in an aqueous alkaline medium, and then with an epoxide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst in a nonaqueous, nonalcoholic organic solvent. The resulting products are hydrophobic and strongly lipophilic, and are outstanding substrates for liquid-gel chromatography.

Abstract: .beta.-1,3-Glucan derivatives, which are produced by reacting a water-insoluble .beta.-1,3-glucan with a cyanogen halide, are a useful water-insoluble carrier of high reactivity for the production of water-insoluble enzymes and of carrier-ligand products suitable for affinity chromatography.

Abstract: Air classification of finely ground crude tamarind gum provides a purified tamarind seed polysaccharide. The crude gum may also be admixed with finely divided siliceous matter or may be defatted prior to air classification to increase the degree of purification.

Abstract: Sodium cellulose sulfate can be used alone, or in combination with other natural or synthetic gums, as thickening agents for fabric printing paste compositions containing acid dyes. The printing paste is applied in the usual manner, and then the printed goods are heated. The sodium cellulose sulfate content of the paste, upon heating, fixes the acid dye on the printed goods, thereby eliminating the necessity of using acid or acid salts in printing pastes.

Abstract: Intimate intermingling, as in a tumble reactor, of wet particulate xanthan gum, with either propylene oxide, .beta.-propiolactone, glutaraldehyde or pivalolactone, as essentially the only gas present, at about 40.degree.-70.degree. C., for from 1-5 hours, produces xanthan gum in which the cellulase enzyme is inactivated, but in which the viscosity of solutions is increased; the propylene oxide is removed to afford a residual propylene oxide content of not more than 300 ppm in the product xanthan gum.

Abstract: This invention provides novel highly acidic gels of polygalactomannan allyl ether gum and sulfur dioxide. The gels exhibit dimensional stability, and are useful for oil well acidizing and borehole plugging, and for the preparation of explosive slurries.

Abstract: Flash dried granules of calcium-xanthomonas gum complex.

Abstract: Xanthan gum is precipitated from its fermentation broth by adding to said raw broth an effective amount of a specified aluminum salt whereby the pH of the solution is lowered to below about 3.5 and thereafter increasing the pH into the range between about 3.5 and 4.5.

Abstract: The aqueous dispersibility of a water-absorbent composition of matter is improved by a surface treatment which ionically complexes the surface thereof to a moderate degree. A dispersion is formed comprising a water-absorbent composition of matter based on an anionic poly-electrolyte, at least one polyvalent metal cation, and a dispersing medium in which the composition of matter is substantially insoluble. The dispersion is maintained within a given temperature range for a period of time sufficient to ionically complex the exposed surface of the composition of matter, and the dispersing medium is then removed. The product is characterized by a linkage density which is greater at the surface thereof than in the interior thereof and by the presence of ionic linkages at the surface thereof.

Abstract: Hand-dispersible xanthomonas gum-glyoxal complexes.

Abstract: Corn hulls are subjected to a treatment to obtain three fractions therefrom comprising a cellulosic fraction, a hemicellulose fraction and a noncarbohydrate fraction. The noncarbohydrate fraction is characterized as being an organic solvent extract comprising at least about 15 percent of the dry weight of the corn hulls and containing above about 10 percent by weight ferulic acid.

Abstract: This invention provides novel quaternary ammonium ethers of polygalactomannan having a degree of substitution between about 0.01 and 3.0, and further provides a process for producing quaternary ammonium ethers of polygalactomannan gums by contacting solid polygalactomannan gum with a haloalkyl-substituted quaternary ammonium compound under alkaline conditions in an aqueous solution of water-miscible solvent.

Abstract: This invention provides novel sulfohydroxypropyl ethers of polygalactomannans having a degree of substitution between about 0.01 and 3, and further provides a process for producing sulfohydroxypropyl ethers of polygalactomannan gums by contacting solid polygalactomannan gum with 3-halo-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid and alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide under alkaline conditions in an aqueous solution of water-miscible solvent.

Abstract: This invention provides novel allyl ethers of polygalactomannans having a degree of substitution between about 0.01 and 3, and further provides a process for producing allyl ethers of polygalactomannan gums by contacting solid polygalactomannan gum with allyl halide and alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide under alkaline conditions in an aqueous solution of water-miscible solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel polymers containing a plurality of hydroxyl groups having aminimide groups attached thereto through an ether linkage and to methods for attaching said aminimide groups onto said polymers containing a plurality of hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: This invention provides novel guar gum formate esters having a degree of substitution between about 0.01 and 3.0, and further provides a process for producing guar gum formate esters by the interaction of guar gum powder or guar gum splits with concentrated formic acid. The invention process represents a general method for formylation of polygalactomannan gums. The polygalactomannan gum formate esters are useful as flocculants, and as sizing agents for paper and textiles.

Abstract: Nonnutritive flavor imparting compounds of the general formula (F--Z).sub.n C wherein F is an active flavor imparting agent, C is a controlling agent for transporting and essentially restricting absorption of the compound (F--Z).sub.n C in a biological environment, Z is a covalent bond for bonding F to C and n is at least one. The nonnutritive flavor imparting compounds are useful for imparting flavor and taste to foods, beverages, confections and medicinals without any substantial absorption of the flavor imparting compounds in the environment of use.

Abstract: A method of treating karaya gum to stabilize it so that it is less sensitive to the presence of certain priming compositions and will exhibit, when used with priming compositions, improved extrusion characteristics and rheological stability. The karaya gum is suspended in an anhydrous alcohol and treated with a reagent which is soluble in the alcohol whereby the gum renders a priming composition suitable for extrusion for mechanically charging primers.