Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the separation of a polysaccharide from an aqueous system using a water-soluble fatty acid salt and optionally a precipitated liquid to separate out the polysaccharide.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of a polysaccharide in oil dispersion which comprises the steps of(a) forming a water-in-oil emulsion by dispersing in oil an aqueous solution of polysaccharide, in the presence of at least one dispersion promoter,(b) drying the resulting emulsion azeotropically, and(c) physically isolating from the resulting azeotropically dried residue an oil phase containing oil and dispersion promoter and a polysaccharide in oil dispersion in the form of a suspension phase containing polysaccharide, dispersion promotor and oil;and a polysaccharide in oil dispersion prepared by the process containing 40 to 50% w/w polysaccharide and 3 to 4.5% w/w of at least one dispersion promoter.

Abstract: Polysaccharide esters containing aldehyde and acetal groups having the structural formulas ##STR1## are prepared by reacting a polysaccharide, such as a starch, gum, or cellulose, with an acetal-containing reagent which contains a functional group reactive with the hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide; Z is a multivalent organic group; A and A' are independently a lower alkyl or together form at least a 5-membered cyclic acetal; x is at least 1; and y is at least 1. When x is>1 the esters are corsslinked. Typical reagents for introducing the acetal group include 3,3-diethoxypropionyl guanidine (itself a novel compound) and 4-(methylaminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal)-4-oxo-butanoic acid). The derivatives are useful in conventional applications such as coatings, adhesives, paper additives and foodstuffs.

Abstract: Powdered polysaccharide may be made by spray drying an emulsion in a non-aqueous liquid of an aqueous solution of the polysaccharide. Spray dried polysaccharides are novel materials. At least 90% by weight of the particles may be within a size range of not more than 100 microns. The particles may have an average size between 50 and 250 microns or between 10 and 50 microns, and the finer particles can be redispersed into oil.

Abstract: Derivatized anionic gums and compositions thereof are disclosed. The gum derivatives are prepared by reacting non-derivatized gum with quaternary ammonium compounds in an amount equal to or greater than the stoichiometric amount required for complete derivatization. The derived gums are soluble in organic solvents.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the formula ##STR1## or Sacch--O--CH.sub.2 --Ar--CHO (II) such as starch, cellulose, and gum aldehydes, are useful as paper additives for imparting strength and as the granular or gelatinized portion of a corrugating adhesive. Those having formula I are prepared by a nonoxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. In the formula Ar is an aryl group, optionally containing an ether linkage, or an alkaryl group and A and A' are lower alkyls or together form at least a 5-membered cyclic acetal. The polysaccharide aldehydes are crosslinked by the addition of selected polyfunctional crosslinkers such as an aliphatic primary polyamine or polyketone.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of polysaccharide biopolymers, e.g., Xanthomonas/carbohydrate fermentation worts, are treated with mutanase-containing enzymes to improve the filterability and injectability thereof, and are well adapted, e.g., for secondary and tertiary hydrocarbon (petroleum) recovery by waterflooding therewith.

Abstract: Compounds including phloretin and/or phlorizin derivatives coupled to an undigestible and non-absorbable matrix are provided. The compounds have pharmacological efficacies. They inhibit sugar uptake from the intestine and may be used in composition form in methods for treating diabetes and for promoting weight loss. A method for the manufacture of these compounds and a novel intermediate phlorizin derivative for making these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the dry cationization of galactomannans by reaction with alkylidene epoxides in an alkaline medium in the presence of water at 5.degree. to 60.degree. C. and in the presence of finely divided, hydrophilic silicic acid.

Abstract: Process for preparing Xanthomonas heteropolysaccharide from Xanthomonas campestris NCIB 11854 and use of the latter, e.g. as viscosity modifier in an aqueous solution, and in a drilling fluid and use in connection with well treatments, and enhanced oil recovery.

Abstract: The invention relates to new alkyl ethers and phosphoric acid esters of Cassia tora polygalactomannans and their use, alone or in combination with other thickening agents, as thickening agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a product comprising guar-gum present in the form of particles, and possessing a sustained swelling in an aqueous suspension, whereby pulverulent guar-gum flour is provided with a solution consisting of water:solvent in the relationship 60:40 to 0:100, and comprising a compound of the group consisting of film forming fatty acids, film forming polymers, and ethyl cellulose, and whereby the solvent is an organic solvent having ability in dissolving said organic film forming compounds, while creating a particle agglomerate having a size of less than 3 mm, but substantially above 0.5 mm.

Abstract: Process for preparing Xanthomonas heteropolysaccharide from Xanthomonas campestris NCIB 11854 and use of the latter, e.g. as viscosity modifier in an aqueous solution, and in a drilling fluid and use in connection with well treatments, and enhanced oil recovery.

Abstract: A gellable composition comprises a mixture of (1) gellan, (2) xanthan gum, and (3) a galactomannan and/or glucomannan gum capable of producing a gel in combination with xanthan gum, especially carob, tara, cassia or konjac gum, wherein the ratio by weight range of (1):[(2)+(3)] is 1:.gtoreq.2.

Abstract: Method for preparation of dispersible, water-soluble polygalactomannans and polyglactomannan derivatives by crosslinking with borate ions, in which the polygalactomannan-containing endosperm of legumes is allowed to soak in an aqueous alkaline solution of a material containing borate ions in which the concentration of the borate ions, expressed as borax, is between 0.001 and 0.09 wt. % and the hydroxyl ion concentration, expressed as NaOH, is between 0.2 and 10 wt. % of the polygalactomannan and after taking up the solution, the cell structure of the splits is mechanically destroyed using high shear forces in a flaking, crushing or extruder process and then the product of the process is dried and ground in known fashion.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the general structure ##STR1## such as starch, cellulose and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. R is (CH.sub.2).sub.n or a divalent aromatic group and n os 0 or greater; R.sup.1, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2, R.sup.5, and R.sup.8 are (CH.sub.2).sub.m with m being 1-6; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or a lower alkyl; Y is an anion; Z is an organic group capable of reacting with the polysaccharide base to form an ether derivative and selected from the group consisting of an epoxide, ethylenically unsaturated group, halohydrin, and halogen; R.sup.

Abstract: A stabilized fracturing fluid and a method of stabilizing a fracturing fluid containing at least one of guar gum and its derivatives is disclosed, wherein at least one stabilizing compound selected from the thiol derivatives of heterocyclic compounds is added to the fracturing fluid. This method of stabilization prevents degradation of the fracturing fluid, i.e., reduction in its rheological properties at high temperatures and permits smooth practice of the fracturing operation.

Abstract: A spacer fluid for use in oil well drilling applications is disclosed. The fluid is prepared from a slurry comprising 25-60% heteropolysaccharide S-130, 0.5-6% organophilic clay, 30-70% solvent, up to 10% surfactant, and up to 6% methanol or isopropanol.

Abstract: A polysaccharide polymer is disclosed which is a better viscosifier of water than xanthan gum. The polysaccharide polymer and its non-acetylated form, are comprised of glucose and mannose moieties in a ratio of about 2:1. The invention also discloses Xanthomonas mutants which produce the polysaccharide polymer but which do not produce xanthan gum. Methods of preparing the polysaccharide polymers and of their use are also described.

Abstract: Water-soluble aminated .beta.-1,3-bound D-glucan and macrophage-stimulating composition containing as an active constituent such glucan.

Abstract: Microbial polysaccharides can be liberated from their fatty amine adducts by treating these adducts in the presence of an alcohol with a salt of ammonia or of a highly volatile amine which is soluble in this alcohol or thermally readily dissociated. It is preferable to use alcohols which have a boiling point under atmospheric pressure of up to about 100.degree. C., and salts of ammonia or of an amine which has a boiling point of less than 150.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the formula Sacch--O--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--CHO, ##STR1## such as starch, cellulose, and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. In the formulas, n is 1-3; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group when n is 1, R.sup.11 or R.sup.12 is one of the groups when n is 2, or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are not present when n is 3; R.sup.13 is an alkyl group, optionally containing an ether linkage, or an aralkyl group; R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are individually a hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sup.16, R.sup.17, and R.sup.

Abstract: Heteropolysaccharide S-421, prepared by fermentation of an unidentified Agrobacterium species ATCC 53378, has valuable properties as an acid stable heteropolysaccharide and is especially valuable for use in acidizing fluids.

Abstract: A stabilized fracturing fluid and a method of stabilizing a fracturing fluid containing at least one of guar gum and a derivative thereof is disclosed, comprising adding at least one stabilizing compound selected from 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole compounds to the fracturing fluid. This stabilization prevents degradation of the fracturing fluid, i.e., reduction in its rheological properties at high temperatures and permits smoothly carrying out the fracturing operation.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of polygalactomannans are cross-linked with the reaction product of titanium tetrachloride and a water-soluble alcohol or diol further reacted with ammonia or a water-soluble amine. Such crosslinked products are useful in fracturing solutions for secondary oil recovery or in gel explosives.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the general structure ##STR1## such as starch, cellulose and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. R is (CH.sub.2).sub.n or a divalent aromatic group and n is 0 or greater; R.sup.1, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2, R.sup.5, and R.sup.8 are (CH.sub.2).sub.m with m being 1-6; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or a lower alkyl; Y is an anion; Z is an organic group capable of reacting with the polysaccharide base to form an ether derivative and selected from the group consisting of an epoxide, ethylenically unsaturated group, halohydrin, and halogen; R.sup.

Abstract: A polysaccharide agglomerate formed from flour including galactomannans, such as guar and/or carob bean flour and an agglomeration agent, such as animal and/or vegetable products with high water-retention capacity is provided. The polysaccharide agglomerate is readily administered in dry form and rinsed down with liquid. This liquid taken to rinse down the agglomerate and intestinal secretions, independent of pH, cause the agglomerate to swell reaching full viscose volume after three to four hours.

Abstract: Biopolymer formulation, in particular a polysaccharide-containing water in oil emulsion, process for preparing such emulsions and process for concentrating these emulsions. Aqueous systems thickened by the incorporation of biopolymer emulsions.

Abstract: Biopolymer formulation, in particular a polysaccharide-containing water in oil emulsion, process for preparing such emulsions and process for concentrating these emulsions. Aqueous systems thickened by the incorporation of biopolymer emulsions.

Abstract: A flake-powder preparation of a polygalactan having randomly interlaced chains of alternating D and L forms and bonded to fine grain aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and titanium oxide disposed throughout the powder and chemically bonded to the chains to form chemical complexes therewith, is used as a substitute for agar-agar as a culture medium. The powder is soluble in water upon heating to a temperature of 80.degree. C. and forms a reversible gel upon cooling.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of polysaccharide biopolymers, e.g., Xanthomonas/carbohydrate fermentation worts, are heat treated for more than 5, but less than 60 minutes, at a pH ranging from 3.5 to 6.2, to improve the viscosifying, filterability and injectability properties thereof, and are well adapted, e.g., for secondary and tertiary hydrocarbon (petroleum) recovery by waterflooding therewith.

Abstract: A separation material of crosslinked agarose in which the agarose is crosslinked using at least one bi- or polyfunctional crosslinking agent, which gives a chain of 6 to 12 atoms between two binding points, on one hand and using at least one bifunctional crosslinking agent, which gives a chain of 2 to 5 atoms between two binding points on the other.The separation material is prepared by crosslinking agarose in two steps with (a) a bi- or polyfunctional crosslinking agent, which gives a chain of 6 to 12 atoms between two binding points and (b) a bifunctional crosslinking agent, which gives a chain of 2 to 5 atoms between two binding points, preferably in the order mentioned.

Abstract: The invention relates to gelling agents and thickeners based on Cassia-galactomannans and comprising a synergistic mixture of (a) Cassia-galactomannan, and (b) carrageenan, agar and/or xanthan.

Abstract: A process for the alkaline refining of gum splits is provided. Also provided are hydraulic fluid fracturing compositions which contain alkaline refined gum and which exhibit superior solution viscosity and low residue after break. Also provided is a method of hydraulic fluid fracturing of the subterranean formations surrounding a well using such compositions.

Abstract: The new heteropolysaccharide NW-01 prepared by the fermentation of a Flavobacterium species ATCC 53201 has valuable properties as a viscosity and mobility cotrol agent in aqueous systems and useful in preparing oil well drilling fluids. Its chemical composition consists of glucose, arabinose and galactose in a 4.8:3.3:1 molar ratio.

Abstract: Method for preparation of dispersible, water-soluble polygalactomannans and polygalactomannan derivatives by crosslinking with borate ions, in which the polygalactomannan-containing endosperm of legumes is allowed to soak in an aqueous alkaline solution of a material containing borate ions in which the concentration of the borate ions, expressed as borax, is between 0.001 and 0.09 wt % and the hydroxyl ion concentration, expressed as NaOH, is between 0.2 and 10 wt % of the polygalactomannan and after taking up the solution, the cell structure of the splits is mechanically destroyed using high shear forces in a flaking, crushing or extruder process and then the product of the process is dried and ground in known fashion.

Abstract: Biopolymers comprising xanthomonas and methylene bis (thiocyanate) are disclosed.

Abstract: Circulating and non-circulating well-drilling fluids are provided comprising parenchymal cell cellulose. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, improved viscosity and fluid loss control in circulating well-drilling fluids are obtained from the inclusion of parenchymal cell cellulose in such fluids. In accordance with another preferred embodiment, certain polymers, especially anionic polymers, and polymers derived from hemicellulosic materials are admixed with parenchymal cell cellulsoe in well fluids to provide synergistic fluid loss control and other beneficial properties. Methods for the employment of circulating and non-circulating well fluids employing parenchymal cell cellulose are also disclosed.

Abstract: Galactomannan gum-thickened aqueous compositions are stabilized with a dimercaptothiadiazole.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing an aqueous solution of xanthan gum is described, comprising incorporating at least one stabilizing agent selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and derivatives thereof in an aqueous solution of xanthan gum.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of polygalactomannans are crosslinked with the reaction product of titanium tetrachloride and a water-soluble alcohol or diol. Such crosslinked products are useful in fracturing solutions for secondary oil recovery or in gel explosives.

Abstract: Stabilization of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides, even in the hot, by the addition of alkali metal dialkyl-dithiocarbamate and sodium chloride or calcium chloride. Applications to drilling fluids and to the improved recovery of crude oil.

Abstract: Microbial polysaccharides can be quantitatively precipitated from their aqueous solutions, in particular directly from the fermentation solutions, in an acidic medium in the form of an adduct with a tertiary amine which has a long-chain alkyl radical. It is advantageous to add the amine to the polysaccharide solution and then to carry out the precipitation, in particular by adding the dispersion obtained to an acidic coagulation bath. The adducts are suitable for use as thickeners and for preparing the free polysaccharides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cross-linking of agar products in an alkaline surrounding. According to the invention divinylsulfone is used as cross-linking agent in a manner known per se. The cross-linking is performed at room temperature at pH>11 in the presence of a reducing agent, and unreacted vinyl groups are deactivated by means of a neutral hydrophilic deactivating substance comprising several hydroxyl groups. The cross-linking was stable even at a pH as high as 13 during a test period of 15 days.

Abstract: Novel highly viscous acidic heterpolysaccharide AM-2 is produced from a strain of genus Acetobacter isolated from vinegar mash, and is useful as an adhesive, coating agent, drilling mud additive, enhanced oil recovering agent, etc., as well as a material useful for the production of foods, drugs and cosmetics because of its safety and high viscosity.

Abstract: Polysaccharide is provided as a fluid composition that is a dispersion of the polysaccharide in oil and that contains a dispersion promoter selected from surfactants and stabilizers. The dispersion is generally a stable flocculated dispersion. It is generally made by dispersing an aqueous polysaccharide solution having a consistency index of about 20,000 cps in oil in the presence of dispersion promoter and then drying the dispersion. The oil generally comprises volatile and non-volatile components such that the drying can be by azeotroping. The dispersion promoters are generally selected from amphiphatic copolymers and surfactants having HLB at 20.degree. C. above 6.5 but which serve as water in oil dispersing agents during the formation of the dispersion. Aqueous solutions of the polysaccharide can be made by dispersing the fluid composition in water. These aqueous solutions are of particular value in methods of enhanced oil recovery.

Abstract: Polysaccharides are obtained by fermentation using a mixed culture of several microorganisms, of which at least one also produces a polysaccharide in pure culture, which polysaccharides are suitable as viscosity regulators. A mixed culture of the strains Pseudomonas maltophilia DSM 2130 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens DSM 2128 is particularly suitable.

Abstract: Microbial polysaccharides can be liberated from their amine adducts by treating them with ammonia or a highly volatile amine in the presence of monohydric alkanols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is advantageous to use the amine adduct in the form of a moist press cake in which it is isolated from fermenter broths. The free polysaccharides are obtained in a virtually quantitative yield.

Abstract: This invention provides a thixotropic aqueous solution that contains a thickening agent consisting of polygalactomannan gum which is crosslinked with a diglycidyl ether of polyoxyalkylene diol.An invention thixotropic aqueous medium is characterized by excellent heat stability and high tolerance to the presence of inorganic salts.A unique property of an invention thixotropic aqueous medium is a time-dependent gradual restoration of high viscosity after cessation of high shear deformation.

Abstract: A thickening agent for a paste which comprises a hydroxyalkylated-carboxymethylated product of a tamarind seed powder or a tamarind gum, the product satisfying the following equation (I):y.gtoreq.6.6-26.4 x+35.1 x.sup.2 -15.6 x.sup.3 (I)wherein y is the average degree of substitution of hydroxyalkyl group per saccharide unit and x is the average degree of substitution of carboxymethyl group per saccharide unit, provided that y and x fall within the following ranges:0<y<20<x<2The thickening agent is excellent in compatibility with a variety of dyes and gives a printing paste having excellent levelling property and wash-off property.