Abstract: Sulfosuccinate polygalactomannan half-esters, as well as the alkyl- and alkenyl-sulfosuccinates thereof, are prepared by reacting the gum with sulfosuccinic anhydride or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl- or C.sub.3 -C.sub.22 -alkenyl sulfosuccinic anhydride. The reactions are carried out at about pH 7.5 in a two-phase system of solid gum slurried in an aqueous medium containing a water-miscible solvent. Sulfomaleate half-esters are prepared in a similar manner using sulfomaleic anhydride. Disulfosuccinate half-esters are prepared by reacting the sulfomaleate gum half-ester with sulfurous acid or a bisulfite salt such as sodium bisulfite.

Abstract: A hot-water extract of the bark of Melia azadirachta L. is treated with a gel filtrating agent with a fractionation range molecular weight from 1.times.10.sup.3 -1.times.10.sup.5 to 1.times.10.sup.3 -1.5.times.10.sup.5. There is obtained polysaccharide N9GI from the first fraction of the three divided polysaccharide fractions. Polysaccharide N9GI further treated with a gel-filtrating agent with a fractionation range molecular weight from 1.times.10.sup.3 -2.times.10.sup.5 to 1.times.10.sup.3 -8.times.10.sup.5. There are obtained polysaccharide N9GIa and polysaccharide N9GIb respectively from the first and second fractions of the two divided polysaccharide fractions.

Abstract: The new heteropolysaccharide S-88, prepared by fermentation of an unnamed Pseudomonas species, ATCC 31554, has valuable properties as a thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent in aqueous systems. It is especially useful in formulating oil well drilling fluids and muds. Its chemical composition is 3.2-7% acyl groups, 11.8-18.7% glucuronic acid; and the neutral sugars mannose, glucose, and rhamnose in the approximate molar ratio 1:2:2.

Abstract: A novel polysaccharide S-198 is disclosed composed of principally carbohydrate, 9-12% protein, and 2-4% O-acyl groups (calculated as O-acetyl). The carbohydrate portion comprises about 13-18% glucuronic acid and the neutral sugars mannose, glucose, and rhamnose in the approximate molar ratio 1:2:2. This polysaccharide is produced by a new Alcaligenes species ATCC 31853, in a suitable fermentation medium.

Abstract: In a polymer flood, where bacterial contamination frequently causes a loss in viscosity of the polymer, the viscosity of the polymer solution is maintained by the use of a xanthan polymer modified by methylation of a portion of the subunit sugar residues of the xanthan base.

Abstract: Blends of gellan gum and gelatin are disclosed which exhibit a synergistic increase in gel strength.

Abstract: A stable polysaccharide gelled acid is produced by heating a polysaccharide solution which has not previously been heated at temperatures in excess of about 60.degree. F. at a temperature of from about 60.degree. C. up to the boiling point of the polysaccharide solution for about 5 minutes to 120 minutes and subsequently adding acid. Preferably, the polysaccharide solution when heated contains a phenol or aldehyde.

Abstract: Novel highly viscous polysaccharides composed mainly of (a) glucose, (b) galactose, (c) mannose, and (d) glucuronic acid, the molar ratio of (a):(b):(c):(d) being 10:3-6:0.5-2:0.5-2 (preferably 10:3-4:1-2:1-2). The invention also provides the process for producing the highly viscous polysaccharides which comprises cultivating a highly viscous polysaccharide-producing microorganism which is an acetic acid bacteria in a nutrient medium until a substantial amount of polysaccharides has accumulated in the nutrient medium, and recovering the accumulated polysaccharides from the nutrient medium.

Abstract: The description describes a process for depolymerization of a polysaccharide having a rod-like helical structure, comprising a step for forcing a solution of the polysaccharide in a solvent (solvent A) through a capillary at a high shear rate, to produce a lower molecular weight degraded polysaccharide, which has the same repeating unit and the same helical structure, as those of the original polysaccharide.

Abstract: An arterial polysaccharide complex of anionic character consisting of hexosamine glycanmonosulphates (FAPA) derived from the aorta of young mammals and a process for its preparation.

Abstract: A thermostable, viscous xanthan polysaccharide solution prepared by the process of heating a xanthan polysaccharide solution in the presence of at least one C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl or C.sub.3 to C.sub.10 cycloalkyl substituted primary or secondary mono- or diamine having an upper limit of a total of 15 carbon atoms under conditions sufficient to form a thermostable, viscous xanthan polysaccharide solution.The thermostable, viscous xanthan polysaccharide solution may be used as a mobility buffer in a process for the enhanced recovery of oil.

Abstract: This invention provides a particulate dry blend thickening agent consisting of polygalactomannan gum (e.g., guar gum), benzoquinone, and a basic reagent (e.g., sodium carbonate).This invention further provides a process for preparing a viscoelastic aqueous solution which contains a benzoquinone ether adduct of polygalactomannan gum that is formed in situ.An invention thixotropic aqueous medium is characterized by excellent heat stability and high tolerance to the presence of inorganic salts.A unique property of an invention thixotropic aqueous medium is a time-dependent gradual restoration of high viscosity after cessation of high shear deformation.

Abstract: The new heteropolysaccharide S-139, prepared by fermentation of an unnamed Psuedomonas species, ATCC 31644 has valuable properties as a thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent in aqueous systems.Polysaccharide S-139 is principally composed of carbohydrate, protein (about 17%), and acyl groups (about 5% calculated as O-acetyl) as the glycosidically linked ester. The carbohydrate portion contains about 14% uronic acid (based on wt. gum) and the neutral sugars rhamnose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in the approximate molar ratio of 2.5:1:1.5:1 respectively.

Abstract: This invention provides a viscoelastic aqueous solution which contains a novel benzoquinone ether adduct of polygalactomannan gum as a thickening agent.An invention thixotropic aqueous medium is characterized by excellent heat stability and high tolerance to the presence of inorganic salts.A unique property of an invention thixotropic aqueous medium is a time-dependent gradual restoration of high viscosity after cessation of high shear deformation.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions thickened by galactomannan gums are described which are stabilized by a stabilizer system comprising soluble molybdenum and a thiourea.

Abstract: A stabilizer for milk products comprised of a carrageenan extractive of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed having a water viscosity at 1.5% concentration and 75.degree. C. of not less than 5 mPa.s and not more than about 20 mPa.s.

Abstract: Certain glucans modify the biosynthetic route of extracellular polysaccharides involved in dental plaque development causing critical loss of adhesiveness. They interfere with the biosynthesis of cell-bound polysaccharides reducing and preventing agglutination of cells. They thus aid in the prevention of dental plaque formation or concomitant dental caries and periodontal disease.

Abstract: A clarified tamarind kernel powder is produced by treating tamarind kernel powder with a strong base, followed by neutralization and isolation.

Abstract: A new polysaccharide including allose as a constituent sugar and further characterized by galactose as a major constituent sugar is described. The polysaccharide is produced extracellularly by cultivation of Pseudomonas viscogena strains in nutrient medium.

Abstract: A process for recovering crude oil from a subterranean formation using aqueous saline heteropolysaccharide solutions containing at least 0.5 wt. % of inorganic salts which are stabilized against viscosity loss on heat treatment. The stabilization process comprises preparing an aqueous solution containing heteropolysaccharide and inorganic salts, removing oxygen from the saline solution, heating to a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere, then removing cell debris. The solutions also have improved filterability and are free of cell debris.

Abstract: Viscosifiers for addition to high zinc salt brines, used as oil well workover and completion fluids, are prepared from natural polysaccharide gums by treatment with a basic nitrogen reagent, such as a quaternary ammonium compound, hexamethylene tetramine, or dimethylol urea. The treated viscosifiers have improved dispersibility and give increased viscosity effects in the brines. Preferably, the viscosifiers are prepared from carrageenan or locust bean gums.

Abstract: An aqueous composition is provided, suitable for direct use in waterflood oil recovery processes, which comprises the clarified fermentation fluid obtained by(a) culturing a polysaccharide-producing microorganism in an aqueous culture medium to produce an aqueous culture containing dissolved polysaccharide therein; and(b) clarifying the resultant aqueous culture from (a) by at least one of centrifugation and filtration, introducing therein at least one bactericidal agent, and recovering the resultant clarified fermentation fluid;said aqueous composition being obtained without precipitation and recovery of a solid polysaccharide and dissolution thereof in an aqueous medium.The above composition can be pumped into oil formations without substantial clogging thereof.

Abstract: A cationized dextran of the following formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a group selected from the class consisting of a hydrogen atom, hydroxy lower alkyl groups, and quaternary nitrogen-containing groups of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent a lower alkyl group, and R' represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy lower alkyl group, and n is a positive number of from 1 to 8,000; two or more R groups may be identical or different provided that at least one of R groups is the quaternary nitrogen-containing group of the above formula;and a salt thereof; a process for its production; and a hair or skin cosmetic composition containing aforesaid cationized dextran or its salt.

Abstract: Improved basic polysaccharides are prepared by contacting a polysaccharide with a tetravalent onium salt such as tetramethylammonium chloride prior to contacting it with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide. Polysaccharide derivatives having a greater degree and uniformity of substitution are prepared from such improved basic polysaccharides.

Abstract: A sizing agent for yarns made of cotton, regenerated cellulose and synthetic fibers and their mixture. The sizing agent substantially comprises a hydroxyalkylated polysaccharide from the seed of Cassia occidentalis. The polysaccharide has a viscosity of from 40 to 10,000 mPas (10% aqueous solution, 80.degree. C., Brookfield RVT) and a substitution degree of from 0.05 to 1.0.

Abstract: Glyoxal treated xanthan gum is dry blended with non-dispersible plant gums. These blends exhibit excellent dispersibility in water.

Abstract: A gelatinous adhesive composition and a tacky article of manufacture are produced by heating at least one polyhydric alcohol and at least one material selected from the group consisting of naturally occurring high molecular weight polysaccharide gums, other than gum Karaya, and resins which are a copolymer of a vinyl ether and a second component selected from maleic anhydride and its corresponding free acid, together in the absence of solvent to promote chemical reaction between the components and to drive off water produced in the reaction, the reaction being carried substantially to completion. In another embodiment, the components are at least one polyhydric alcohol, a resin which is a copolymer of a vinyl ether and a second component selected from maleic anhydride and its corresponding free acid, and a material selected from the group consisting of gelatin and naturally occurring high molecular weight polysaccharide gums.

Abstract: Polysaccharide S-119 is used as a desensitizer in lithographic fountain solutions to maintain non-image areas on a lithographic printing plate in a hydrophilic condition in order to prevent scumming or ink pickup in said areas. S-119 is prepared in aqueous solution which is added to phosphoric acid etch in water plus alcohol to provide a gum concentration of 20-1000 ppm by weight in the fountain solution.

Abstract: Osmium carbohydrate complexes prepared by reacting osmium compounds and carbohydrates and their utilization as pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of heavy metal poisoning and arthritis in mammals. The osmium carbohydrate complexes may also be utilized in X-ray diagnostic procedures as contrast enhancing agents.

Abstract: The new heteropolysaccharide S-130, prepared by fermentation of an unnamed Alcaligenes species, ATCC 31555 has valuable properties as a thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent in aqueous systems. It is especially useful in formulating oil well drilling fluids and muds. Its chemical composition is 2.8-7.5% acyl groups, 11.6-14.9% glucuronic acid; and the neutral sugars mannose, glucose and rhamnose, in the approximate molar ratio 1:2:2.

Abstract: A mutant strain of the genus Xanthomonas produces a pyruvate-free biopolymer. This biopolymer and the deacetylated form of this new biopolymer provide mobility control solutions which are especially useful for enhanced oil recovery where high brine applications are involved. The mobility control solutions of the present invention may be made from whole or filtered fermentation broth containing the pyruvate-free biopolymer or its deacetylated form. Alternatively, the biopolymer or its deacetylated form may be recovered from the broth and the recovered product used to form the desired mobility control solutions.

Abstract: A method of printing using polysaccharide gum S-88 as a thickening agent for printing pastes has been developed. The S-88 gum is gellable in the presence of about above 6% to 50% electrolyte. The gelling characteristic of the gum is useful in both single- and multi-phase print systems. The single-phase print system uses a print paste composition containing the S-88 gum together with about 1-6% concentration of electrolyte which, when applied to a substrate, and when the overall moisture content drop (by such methods as heating, etc.) results in a concomitant increase in electrolyte concentration sufficient to cause gelation. The multi-phase print system uses the electrolyte in one phase and the gellable gum in another; i.e., the electrolyte-containing paste or solution with concentration of 6-50% electrolyte is either impregnated on or in the substrate or is present in the printing paste which is applied before or after the S-88 gum-containing paste.

Abstract: An heteropolysaccharide known as Biopolymer PS 87 comprises glucose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid and fucose. Biopolymer PS 87 is pseudoplastic, has a consistency at 20.degree. C. of at least 150 poise and a yield stress value at 20.degree. C. of at least 30 dynes/cm.sup.2. Biopolymer PS 87 is synthesised by a strain of Bacillus polymyxa or a genetically similar micro-organism and has many domestic and industrial uses as a suspending agent or thickener.

Abstract: A novel polysaccharide S-60 is disclosed composed of principally carbohydrate, 10-15% protein, and 3-4.5% acetyl groups as the O-glycosidically linked ester. The carbohydrate portion contains about 11% glucuronic acid (based on wt. gum) and the neutral sugars rhamnose and glucose, the latter having an approximate molar ratio of 3 to 2. This polysaccharide is produced by a new Pseudomonas species, P. elodea, in a suitable fermentation medium.

Abstract: Deacetylated Polysaccharide S-60, prepared by deacetylating the polysaccharide S-60 produced by fermentation of Pseudomonas elodea, ATCC 31461, has valuable properties in both the clarified and non-clarified form, and is useful as an agar substitute or a shapeable room deodorant.The non-clarified deacetylated gum contains about 17% protein and principally carbohydrate, which comprises glucuronic acid (.about.13% based on wt. gum) and the neutral sugars rhamnose and glucose in the approximate molar ratio 3:2.The clarified, deacetylated gum contains mostly carbohydrate and no more than about 2% protein.

Abstract: A water-soluble guar product is obtained by reacting guar gum with an aqueous phosphate solution and oxidizing the product in the presence of alkali. These two process stages can also be combined into a one-stage process. The desired product is also obtained by reaction of an already partially depolymerized guar gum with aqueous phosphate solution. The product whose viscosity in aqueous solution can be set very accurately is used as thickening agent, particularly in the paper industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel sulfated biopolymer, a method for synthesizing the sulfated biopolymer and an oil recovery method employing an aqueous fluid containing the material. The sulfated biopolymer is made by reacting polysaccharides with sulfuric acid in the presence of an aliphatic alcohol at a temperature of from 35.degree. to 75.degree. F., in order to avoid degradation of the polymer by the sulfuric acid. The polymer produces a viscous solution which is less prone to increasing viscosities as shear rate is decreased, which makes it especially suitable for use as a viscosifying polymer in a polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery process.

Abstract: The gellation of polysaccharide gums such as guar or locust bean gum is inhibited by gelatin hydrolysates, at alkaline pH. Formulations of gum, gelatin hydrolysate and alkaliniser are reconstituted by shaking with water, and are easily inbibed. The inhibition is reversed by pH change in the stomach allowing gellation to occur. The formulation is useful in treatment of hypercholesteraemia, gastric disorders and as an adjunct to insulin therapy.

Abstract: Xanthan gum is recovered from an aqueous fermented broth containing the gum by adding to the broth a sub-precipitant amount of organic solvent such an isopropanol, removing solids from the broth at 100.degree. C. or more, eg. by filtration, and precipitating the gum by addition of more organic solvent. Heat degradation of the gum during the solids removal is thereby lessened.

Abstract: A new polysaccharide including allose as a constituent sugar and further characterized by galactose as a major constituent sugar is described. The polysaccharide is produced extracellularly by cultivation of Pseudomonas viscogena strains in nutrient medium.

Abstract: Easily dispersible anionic water-soluble polymers are disclosed which are prepared by lightly treating particulate water-soluble polymer with a water-soluble aluminum salt and an aluminum chelant. Rate of hydration is retarded when the particles are added to aqueous media, allowing the particles to be dispersed completely before their surfaces hydrate sufficiently to gel and prevent complete dissolution.

Abstract: The new heteropolysaccharide S-84, prepared by fermentation of an unnamed Pseudomonas species, ATCC 31562 has valuable properties as a thickening, suspending and stabilizing agent in aqueous systems. It is especially useful in formulating explosive gels. Its chemical composition is within the following weight ranges of sugars: 8-15% glucuronic acid; 40-50% glucose; 35-45% mannose; 5-15% rhamnose; and 3-9% arabinose; it also contains 1-5% acetyl and 2-7% pyruvate groups.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for clarifying and concentrating Xanthomonas heteropolysaccharide fermentation broth, which process includes filtration and ultrafiltration steps.A clarified and concentrated xanthan gum solution of the present invention contains between about 8-15 weight percent xanthan gum, and exhibits a viscosity in the range of 15,000-30,000 centipoises, and a light transmittance of greater than 5 percent as measured by a colorimeter.

Abstract: A process for producing heteropolysaccharide S-156 by bacterial fermentation of an organism deposited with the American Type Culture Collection under Accession No. ATCC 31646.

Abstract: A shampoo-creme rinse composition for improving the combing properties and luster of hair which comprises a single phase aqueous detergent composition containing an amphoteric detergent and an anionic detergent and a cationic derivative of a 3-(trimethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl guar chloride salt.

Abstract: Zwitterion polygalactomannan ether derivatives are prepared by reacting a polygalactomannan gum, such as guar gum or locust bean gum, with N-(2-haloethyl)iminobis(methylene)diphosphonic acid or with a N-(alkyl)-N-(2-haloethyl)aminomethylphosphonic acid. The derivatives contain aminophosphonic acid groups (or their salts) as zwitterion substituents which consist of either one or two anionic methylene phosphonic acid groups bound to a cationic nitrogen. Modified derivatives containing non-ionic, anionic, cationic, or cationogenic substituents may also be prepared.

Abstract: A novel form of xanthan gum and preparation therefor are disclosed. This gum is characterized in that when homogenized with oil and water, the resulting emulsion is smooth flowing (clabber-free).

Abstract: Guar gum is prepared by hydrating guar splits with sufficient water to provide a total moisture content of 25-80%, extruding the hydrated splits, and grinding them, while wet, preferably to a finely divided state. For most uses the ground gum is then dried, preferably in a flash dryer. Typically the hydration is carried out at 5.degree.-95.degree. C. for at least 1/4 hour; the preferred conditions are 20.degree.-80.degree. C. for 0.5 to 2 hours. The extrusion is conveniently carried out in an extruder provided with a rotatable screw for transporting and working the hydrated splits. Typically grinding is carried out in a hammermill.

Abstract: A form of xanthan gum is disclosed which is less dense than regular xanthan gum and which exhibits an increased hydration rate.

Abstract: Cellulase in xanthan gum can be completely destroyed by treating xanthan gum beer with about 0.08 to 0.1% alkali metal hypochlorite followed by heat treatment.