Abstract: It has been found that water-insoluble, thermogelable .beta.-1,3-glucan produced by microorganisms, lower polymers obtainable upon partial hydrolysis of the glucan or, carboxymethylated derivatives of said glucan or of said lower polymers are useful for inhibiting growth of tumors in a warm-blooded animal. The inhibitory activity against various tumors of these polysaccharides is very strong and significant whenever administered to warm-blooded animals from the early to very late stage of tumor progression or even when administered prior to plantation of tumors. The carboxymethylated derivatives above-mentioned are novel water-soluble compounds which can be produced by carboxymethylation of said glucan and partial hydrolyzate thereof.

Abstract: Cell-specific ligands comprising conjugates of saccharides and amino acids or peptides are synthesized from amino acids such as ornithine, lysine, peptides such as dilysine, diornithine or oligolysine and selected saccharides having reactive functional groups protected by appropriate blocking groups. Such glycopeptides are useful as tissue specific substances, which when coupled with bioactive materials through metabolizable or hydrolyzable linkages, deliver such bioactive materials to the selected site. In this manner, antiinflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone are linked through a metabolizable or hydrolyzable linkage and on administration to an animal suffering from inflammatory disease carries the drug to the site of inflammation for intracellular release. Other examples include the macrophage ligand N.sup.2 -N.sup.2, N.sup.6 -Bis-[3-(.alpha.-D-mannopyranosylthio)propionyl]-6-lysyl-N.sup.6 -[3-(.alpha.-D-mannopyranosylthio)propionyl]-L-lysine, 5, which when coupled to .beta.

Abstract: The alkali metal salts of fatty acids (soaps) remaining in fatty acid ester products after interesterification and other processing steps are decomposed by dissolving the fatty acid ester product in a suitable solvent, adding water, saturating the mixture with carbon dioxide, removing the water phase containing excess carbon dioxide and bicarbonate of the alkali metal, converting the bicarbonate into carbonate, and using the carbonate in refining, interesterification and other reactions in the processing of fatty acid esters.

Abstract: A process for recovering polyol fatty acid polyesters from the crude reaction product in which it is produced by contacting with an aqueous washing medium in the presence of an emulsion decreasing organic solvent so that the alkali metal fatty acid soaps and the color-forming bodies are taken into the aqueous phase, and upon settling the phases are separated from each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to the carbonylation of cross linked substituted and unsubstituted polysaccharides, their copolymers with macroporous synthetic polymers, macroporous synthetic polymers and rigid supports with pendant hydroxyalkyl groups. The carbonylated product can be used to prepare an affinity chromatography matrix which remains an uncharged species at varying pH's. The carbonylated product is also useful for the preparation of other compounds: Typical polysaccharides are agarose, starch, dextran, cellulose and regenerated cellulose, typical macroporous synthetic polymers are acrylamides, acrylates and methacrylates, typical rigid supports are silica beads coated with hydroxy alkyl groups and typical cabonylating agents are N,N'-carbonyl diimidazole; N,N'carbonyl di-1,2,3-benzotriazole; and N,N'-carbonyl di-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compositions to be used as cosmetics. The new cosmetics according to the invention contain as active agent 0.06 to 10% by weight of a reaction product of nicotinic acid, a nicotinic acid salt or a nicotinic acid halide and a polyhydroxy compound of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 1 to 15 and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each stand for hydrogen, or R.sub.2 represents hydrogen and R.sub.1 is an alkyl group, or R.sub.1 is hydroxyalkyl and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group, orwhen n is equal to 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may also form together a group of the general formula --(CHOH).sub.m --, wherein m is an integer of 1 to 4, or a group of the general formula --(CHOH).sub.q --CHNH.sub.2 --(CHOH).sub.p --, wherein Q is an integer of 0 to 2 and p is an integer of 1 to 3, or R.sub.1 may represent a group of the general formula --(CHOH).sub.m --H, wherein m is an integer of 1 to 4, and at the same time R.sub.2 stands for hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel high polymeric substances having saccharide side chains, suitable as a high polymeric material having several functions for medical treatments and a method for producing thereof.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a derivative of a reducing sugar, said reducing sugar having molecular weights of from 120 to 2000, in that said derivative having at least one methylol group which branches the carbon structure of the reducing sugar in the .alpha.- and/or .alpha.'-position to the carbonyl group or cyclohemiacetal group of the reducing sugar.

Abstract: A contact lens solution is provided for wetting, soaking and lubricating of hard contact lenses, particularly those carrying an ionic charge. The solution contains an ionic polymer of cationic or anionic charge that interacts with an oppositely charged surface of a contact lens forming an interfacial polyelectrolyte complex. This polyelectrolyte complex provides increased, long lasting lens wettability leading to a cushioning and lubricating effect with the eyelid and the cornea.

Abstract: Ethylene is polymerized in the vapor phase in a stirred bed reactor. The reactor employed is vertically aligned and has a centrally positioned cored draft tube therein. An auger circulates polymer solids through the draft tube while coolant is circulated there through to remove the heat of polymerization.

Abstract: A water-soluble guar product is obtained by reacting guar gum with an aqueous phosphate solution and oxidizing the product in the presence of alkali. These two process stages can also be combined into a one-stage process. The desired product is also obtained by reaction of an already partially depolymerized guar gum with aqueous phosphate solution. The product whose viscosity in aqueous solution can be set very accurately is used as thickening agent, particularly in the paper industry.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel sugar esters and glycosides especially derivatives of D-glucopyranoside and D-glucopyranaronate suitable for the treatment of neoplasms, acne, psoriasis and dermatoses.

Abstract: A novel class of chemical compounds useful as pesticides consists of alkylpolyoxysulfinyl and alkylpolythiosulfinyl derivatives of carbamate esters. The preparation of these compounds and their formulation to control insects are exemplified.

Abstract: O-acetylated glycals react with ceric ammonium nitrate in the presence of sodium azide to provide, in good yield, O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates. These nitrates can be used to prepare 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars, such as D-galactosamine and lactosamine. The O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates can alternately be converted to O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl halides which are useful in the preparation of O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosides, which in turn can be reduced to 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides. Of particular interest are the syntheses of 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides which correspond to the terminal units of the antigenic determinant for the human A blood group. Attachment of these glycosides to a solid support provides immunoabsorbents which efficiently and preferentially absorb anti-A antibodies from blood plasma.

Abstract: An improved process is described for synthesizing simple and complex 6,6'-diacyl esters of trehalose and intermediates useful therein. Novel 6,6'-diacyl esters of trehalose and novel intermediates useful in the process of the invention are also disclosed. The inventive process is capable of producing the desired compounds economically and in pure form from readily available starting materials.

Abstract: Mono and di-esters of sucrose with long-chain fatty acids are prepared by reacting sucrose with an alkenyl ester of the fatty acid in a polar aprotic solvent under substantially water-free conditions.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition comprising as an essential component a glycolipid ester represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a methyl group or a hydrogen atom; R.sub.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 11 to 15 carbon atoms when R.sub.1 is a methyl group, or a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms when R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon atom; and R.sub.3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrogen group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is effective for skin and hair treatment.

Abstract: This invention discloses the compound sucrose tri(2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoate) and its use in a method of increasing the recoverable sugar in sugar cane.

Abstract: New reactive asymmetrical dicarboxylic acid ester compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl radical containing up to 3 carbon atoms or is a digoxin or digitoxin residue, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, are alkoxy radicals containing up to 3 carbon atoms or together represent an oxygen atom, X is a cyanomethoxy, succinimide-N-oxy, N-methyl-pyridiniumoxy, 2,4-dinitrophenoxy, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy, pentachlorophenoxy, phenylthio, p-nitrophenoxy, n-nitrophenylthio, piperidyl-N-oxy, phthalimido-N-oxy or benztriazol-N-oxy radical and n is 2, 3, 4 or 5, are useful for the preparation of reagents for the investigation of cardiac glycosides (Digitalis glycosides).

Abstract: Novel antibiotic 3-trehalosamine (U-59,834) producible in a fermentation under controlled conditions using the new microorganism Nocardiopsis trehalosei sp. nov., NRRL 12026.This antibiotic is active against Gram-positive bacteria, for example, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Diplococcus pneumoniae. Thus, 3-trehalosamine can be used in various environments to eradicate or control such bacteria.

Abstract: A new composition of matter is provided having novel, valuable attributes in the zonal immobilization of proteins of biochemical origin which expands man's capacity to separate, isolate, detect, and sequentially sorb and desorb, concentrate, and quantify and qualify picomole size samples or specimens of complex proteins of biochemical origin into fundamentally interesting fractions for studies to expand the understanding of, illustratively, the complex proteins in lesions of atherosclerosis, antigens, antibodies, enzyme immobilization in studies of enzymatic actions in body tissues and functions, immunoglobulins, genetic aberrations, molecular size separations of complex proteins, and extends the sensitivity of detection of such isolates beyond that achievable by prior art radio immunoassay techniques.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chloral derivative having the general formula ##STR1## in which Y' is a polysaccharide consisting of a chain of anhydroglucose, modified anhydroglucose or uronic acid units as substituent group and in which R is selected from --H, --COCH.sub.2 OH, --[(CH.sub.2).sub.n 0].sub..chi. --H in which n is 2 to 5 and .chi. is 1 to 7; --CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.2 X' or --CH.sub.2 COOX' in which X' is NH.sub.4 or a single equivalent of a non-toxic metallic cation, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n H where n is 1 to 7, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n (OH).sub..chi. Y where Y is --H or --CH.sub.3 n is 1 to 7, .chi. is 1 to 12 and the --OH groups are attached to any or all of the carbon atoms by substitution and wherein when Y.sup.1 is a chain of unmodified anhydroglucose units, these units have the following configurations:.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl units having a predominantly 1-4 linkage.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl units having a predominantly 1-4 linkage and/or.beta.

Abstract: There is provided a novel derivative of 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, i.e., 1-O-(2'-acetoxy)benzoyl-.alpha.-D-2-deoxyglucopyranose, which is suitable for the attainment of high 2-acetoxybenzoic acid blood levels without irritation of the gastrointestinal lining.

Abstract: There are provided novel derivatives of 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, which are substituted 1-0-(2'acetoxy)benzoyl-.alpha.-D-2-deoxyglucopyranose derivatives and are suitable for the attainment of high 2-acetoxybenzoic acid blood levels without irritation of the gastrointestinal lining.

Abstract: Non-absorbable polyol polyesters dissolve toxic lipophilic compounds in the stomach and intestine of humans and lower animals and thus decrease their absorption. The polyol polyesters also dissolve the toxic, lipophilic materials and their metabolites if they are excreted in bile, and prevent their resorption. The invention thus provides a means for detoxifying humans and lower animals which have ingested toxic lipophilic materials (e.g., DDT, Kepone, PCB, PBB) by accelerating the excretion of such materials that have accumulated in the body. The process involves oral administration to a human or lower animal in need of such treatment of a sufficient amount of a non-absorbable polyol fatty acid polyester to effect detoxification.

Abstract: Carbohydrate antigenic determinants containing a glycosidically linked bridging arm are synthesized and coupled to carrier molecules to form artificial antigens, and to solid supports to form immunoadsorbents. Various artificial antigens of the blood group type are prepared and applications shown. Specific examples are given to the synthesis of the Lewis-a, Lewis-b, A, B, and H(O) blood group antigens; to the preparation of antisera to these artificial antigens, to the preparation of immunoadsorbents specific for antibodies to these antigens, and to the detection of such antigens wherever they occur.

Abstract: Surface-active esters of aliphatic polyols containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups and aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic acylaminocarboxylic acids, which contain a total of at least 8, preferably 12-60, carbon atoms and which are acylated by aliphatic carboxylic acids with 1-4 carbon atoms, aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids or aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic sulphonic, carbonic or carbamic acids, are suitable as auxiliaries in the dyeing of textile materials.

Abstract: Carbonylation of a polysaccharide and the product of that carbonylation. The carbonylated product can be used to prepare an affinity chromatography matrix which is an uncharged species of varying pH's. The carbonylated product is also useful for the preparation of other compounds. Typical polysaccharides are agarose, starch, dextran, cellulose and regenerated cellulose and typical carbonylating agents are N,N'-carbonyl diimidazole; N,N' carbonyl di-1,2,3-benzotriazole; and N,N'-carbonyl di-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract: A glycolipid methyl ester represented by the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sub.4 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms when R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.4 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 11 to 15 carbon atoms when R.sub.3 is a methyl group, is produced by adding at least one polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (III) or (IV), ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and m and n represent integers from 1 to 6, to hydrated Sophorolipid, removing water by distillation under reduced pressure, and subjecting the resulting Sophorolipid-polyhydric alcohol system to methanolysis and methylation by reaction with methanol in the presence of a strong acid.

Abstract: A process for producing a glycolipid ester represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.4 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms when R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, R.sub.4 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 11 to 15 carbon atoms when R.sub.3 is a methyl group, and R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which comprises subjecting Sophorolipid to methanolysis and methylation reactions by reaction with methanol in the presence of a strong acid to produce methyl 1-[(2'-O-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-alkanoate and -alkenoate, and subjecting the resulting mixture to ester interchange by reaction with an alcohol represented by the formula,ROHwherein R is the same as defined above.

Abstract: A hydroxyalkyl-etherified glycolipid ester represented by the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a methyl group or a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 11 to 15 carbon atoms when R.sup.1 is a methyl group, R.sup.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms when R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, R.sup.3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A represents --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O-- or ##STR2## and a,b,c,d,e,f and g represent integers from 1 to 60 in the sum total.

Abstract: O-acetylated glycals react with ceric ammonium nitrate in the presence of sodium azide to provide, in good yield, O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates. These nitrates can be used to prepare 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars, such as D-galactosamine and lactosamine. The O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates can alternately be converted to O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl halides which are useful in the preparation of O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosides, which in turn can be reduced to 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides. Of particular interest are the syntheses of 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides which correspond to the terminal units of the antigenic determinant for the human A blood group. Attachment of these glycosides to a solid support provides immunoabsorbents which efficiently and preferentially absorb anti-A antibodies from blood plasma.

Abstract: Water and serum soluble cholesterol compounds are prepared by reactively combining certain esters of cholesterol with a solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of peptides, proteins, water soluble polycarboxylic acids, organic and inorganic water soluble salts of said polycarboxylic acids, and cis-vicinal water-soluble polysaccharides. The water-soluble cholesterol compounds can be lyophilized and added to serum as a standard for the determination of cholesterol in biological fluids either by traditional saponofication methods or by enzymatic methods.

Abstract: A process for the production of xylan and fibrinous material from vegetable raw material by treating the raw material with saturated steam at a temperature of from 160.degree. to 230.degree. C. for a period from 2 minutes to 4 hours.

Abstract: The invention concerns the provision of novel 1,4-dihydropyridine-sugar derivatives and processes for their preparation. The invention also concerns pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the invention and methods for their use. The products of the invention, such as 2-[1,4-dihydro-5-(2-propyl)-oxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-m-nitrophenyl-3- pyridylcarbonyloxy]-ethyl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside, are effective for the treatment of circulatory disorders and can be used as antihypertensive agents, vasodilators or coronary therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A process for the separation and/or purification of oligo- and polyhydroxy compounds by introducing and subsequently eliminating protective groups, wherein oligo- and polyhydroxy compounds are reacted with bis(ethyl-pivaloyloxy)-diboroxane or ethylboroxine, optionally in inert solvents, the resulting O-ethylboranodiyl derivatives of the hydroxy compounds are separated off and the O-ethylboranodiyl protective groups are eliminated by alcoholic compounds, for example methanol or glycol.

Abstract: An anti-nicotine agent including the combination of a monosaccharide or disaccharide, acetic acid or glacial acetic acid, rosin or turpentine, and an aqueous 28% ammonia solution.

Abstract: A process for preparing nitroaromatic glycosides is described. The process comprises contacting an acetylated glycoside of maltotetraose, maltopentaose or maltohexaose with a phenol, nitrating the resulting product to place a NO.sub.2 group on the aromatic moiety and deacetylating the nitrated product. The nitroaromatic glycosides are useful as standard substrates for the assay of .alpha.-amylase.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic mono- or poly-carboxylic acid acyl radical and R.sub.5 represents a glycosyl group, are provided together with processes for their production and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. These compounds possess valuable cicatrizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Abstract: The extracellular heteropolysaccharide produced by the bacterium Arthrobacter stabilis NRRL B-3225 is treated by acidification, drying, and controlled heating to substantially increase its viscosity in aqueous solutions and to tailor it to particular conditions of use.

Abstract: Polysaccharides forming gels are produced by cultivating a microorganism such as Arthrobacter carbazolum FERM 2574 in a suitable medium.

Abstract: A dry granular alkali metal metasilicate is chemically reacted with a concentrated acid or an acid hydrogen containing salt to produce white granular silicic acid compounds which will react chemically with a polyhydroxy alcohol by using an alkaline compound as a catalyst and by heating the mixture.

Abstract: Carbohydrate antigenic determinants containing a glycosidically linked bridging arm are synthesized and coupled to carrier molecules to form artificial antigens, and to solid supports to form immunoabsorbants. These artificial antigens are used to detect antibodies to the carbohydrate haptens, and to raise antisera specific for the carbohydrate antigenic determinants. The immunoabsorbants are used to purify or remove antibodies to the carbohydrate haptens. Specific examples are given to the synthesis of the Lewis-a, Lewis-b, B, and H(O) blood group antigens; to the preparation of antisera to these artificial antigens, and to the preparation of immunoabsorbants specific for antibodies to these antigens.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of Erythromycin aldobionates and novel Erythromycin maltobionates, Erythromycin Cellobionate and Erythromycin mellibionate. The said process comprises converting an alkali metal salt of aldobionic acid into free aldobionic acid, neutralizing the obtained aldobionic acid with Erythromycin base and finally recovering the Erythromycin aldobionate.

Abstract: Certain polyhydroxy-alkyl-3,5-disubstituted-2,4,6-triiodocarbanilates are useful as x-ray contrast agents. Representative of this class of compounds is the compound 1-[N-(2,4,6-triiodo-3-N,N-dimethylcarbamyl-5-N-methylcarbamyl)carbanilyl]- L-sorbose.

Abstract: 2,2',2"-[s-Phenenyltris(carbonylimino)]tris-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose and salts thereof, useful as complement inhibitors.

Abstract: Novel 2,2', 2"-[s-phenenyltris(sulfonylimino)]tris-[2-deoxy-.alpha.-D-glucopyranose], dodecakis (H-sulfate) compounds and their salts which are useful as inhibitors of the complement system of warm-blooded animals, and the compound 2,2',2"-[s-phenenyltris(sulfonylimino)]tris[2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose] which is a new intermediate for the preparation of the active dodecakis (H-sulfate) compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to furanose-O-pyridylcarboxylic acid esters, such as the ethyl-2-O-methyl-3,5,6-tri-O-nicotinoyl-D-glucofuranoside, which have anti-inflammatory activity and are fibrinolysis activators. They can be used for the treatment of rheumatic and neuralgic complaints, and especially for the topical percutaneous treatment of localized inflammatory processes.

Abstract: Anomerically pure 1-.alpha.- and 1-.beta.-esters of 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose have been prepared in high yield by controlling the stereochemistry of 1-O-acylation of appropriately protected D-glucose. 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose is metalated with n-butyllithium in either tetrahydrofuran or anhydrous benzene and the metalated product acylated with an appropriate alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl acid chloride. Hydrogenation of the acyl glucopyranose, when derived from a saturated acid chloride, yields the appropriate 1-.alpha.- or 1-.beta.-D-glucose ester. Reaction in tetrahydrofuran produces the .alpha.-anomer while reaction in anhydrous benzene produces the .beta.-anomer.

Abstract: A soap-free sucrose ester-containing surfactant is obtained by transesterifying sucrose with at least one fatty acid triglyceride to produce a solid material containing sucrose esters, glycerides and fatty acid soaps, and treating this material with a solution of a metal salt in water or an alkanol to produce a second solid material and separating the soap-free product containing sucrose esters by dissolving the esters present in an alkanol and evaporating the alkanolic solution to dryness. Glycerides are removed, where desired, by extracting with an organic solvent.