Abstract: The invention concerns disaccharides of formula (I) derived from &agr;-maltosyl fluoride, wherein R1 and R 2 are such as defined in Claim 1. Said disaccharides are useful as glycosyl donors in transglycosylation reactions catalysed by glycoside-hydrolases or in transfer reactions catalysed by transglycosylases during the preparation of oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

Abstract: A medicament containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by General formula (1): wherein R101 represents an acyl residue of an unsaturated higher fatty acid, and R102 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl residue of an unsaturated higher fatty acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical agent for treating an amyloid disease in a patient, wherein the pharmaceutical agent comprises a glucose monosaccharide containing at least one anionic group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The agent is directed to amyloid diseases in general and to Alzheimer's disease in particular. Methods of treating an amyloid disease in a patient by administering therapeutically effective amounts of a glucose monosaccharide containing at least one anionic group are also presented.

Abstract: Novel sulforhamnosylacylglycerol derivatives represented by General Formula (1): where R101 represents an acyl residue of a higher fatty acid and R102 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl residue of a higher fatty acid. The derivatives represented by General formula (1) are useful as, a DNA polymerase inhibitor and an anticancer agent.

Abstract: Sulfofucosylacylglycerol derivatives represented by General Formula (1): where R101 represents an acyl residue of a higher fatty acid and R102 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl residue of a higher fatty acid. The derivatives represented by General formula (1) are useful as a DNA polymerase inhibitor and an anticancer agent.

Abstract: A smaller molecule obtainable by allowing a sulfated fucan-digesting enzyme which digests a novel sulfated polysaccharide derived from an alga belonging to Laminariales to act on a sulfated fucan, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: A nutritional composition which contains slightly negatively charged non-digestible polysaccharides having a molecular weight of 8 kD to 40,000 kD, characterized in that the rise in the viscosity of the composition caused by the polysaccharides is less than 20 mpa·s. This nutritional composition is used to reduce the uptake of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the intestinal wall, more particularly to reduce transport of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the intestinal wall, ore particularly to reduce transport of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the tight junctions in the intestines.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel disaccharides of formula (I), wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched (C1-C4) alkyl, phenylalkyl with less than ten carbon atoms and —COCH3; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —COCH3 and SO3M; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched (C1-C4) alkyl, phenylalkyl with less than ten carbon atoms, —COCH3 and y —COPh, Ph being phenyl; G is selected from amongst —COOR4 and —COOM, R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C2)-alkyl and arylalkyl with less than sixteen carbon atom; A is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —SO3H, —SO3M and —COCH3; B is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —SO3H, —SO3M and —COCH3, wherein either A or B are necessarily either —SO3H or —SO3M, M being a an organic or metallic cation.

Abstract: This invention provides smooth muscle cell proliferation inhibitors of formula I having the structure wherein R1-R13 are as defined herein.

Abstract: A method and composition for inhibiting human cholesterol absorption comprising ingesting a therapeutic amount of an inhibitor of human cholesterol esterase comprising very high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide having a sulfate to monomer ratio of from 1.0 to 3.0, containing less than about 5.0 wt. percent of sulfated polysaccharides having a molecular weight less than 75,000 Daltons, and containing less than 0.5 weight percent of inorganic sulfate.

Abstract: Three enzymes degrading sulfated glucuronofucan; processes for producing these enzymes; activators for these enzymes; glucuronofucan sulfate and degradation products thereof; and a novel microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemically modified mutant protein including a cysteine residue substituted for a residue other than cysteine n a precursor protein, the substituted cysteine residue being subsequently modified by reacting the cysteine residue with a glycosylated thiosulfonate. Also a method of producing the chemically modified mutant protein is provided. The present invention also relates to a glycosylated methanethiosulfonate. Another aspect of the present invention is a method of modifying the functional characteristics of a protein including providing a protein and reacting the protein with a glycosylated methanethiosulfonate reagent under conditions effective to produce a glycoprotein with altered functional characteristics as compared to the protein. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of determining the structure-function relationships of chemically modified mutant proteins.

Abstract: A sulfated saccharide represented by the following formula [I] or a sulfated polysaccharide where the said sulfated saccharide is an essential component of the constituting sugar as well as a salt thereof.

Abstract: Sulfated fucogalactan or its salt useful as a reagent for sugar chain engineering or an HGF-production inducer; a degraded product or its salt obtained by treating the sulfated fucogalactan with a sulfated fucogalactan digesting enzyme; the sulfated fucogalactan digesting enzyme useful in sugar chain engineering; a process for producing the degraded product by treating sulfated fucogalactan or its salt with the above enzyme; and a process for producing the sulfated fucogalactan digesting enzyme.

Abstract: The invention relates to a highly regioselective method for preparing a derivative of cyclodextrin, &bgr;-cyclodextrin in particular, monosulfonylated at C-6, in which said cyclodextrin is caused to react with a sulfonylation agent, in an alkaline aqueous solution, in the presence of a metal salt able to form a co-ordination complex with the secondary hydroxyl groups of the cyclodextrin, and after the reaction said cyclodextrin derivative monosulfonylated at C-6 is recovered from the reaction mixture. The monosulfonylated derivatives of cyclodextrins find particular application as starting material for access to monofunctionalized derivatives of cyclodextrins.

Abstract: A synthesis of [2.2.1]bicyclo nucleosides which is shorter and provides higher overall yields proceeds via the key intermediate of the general formula III, wherein R4 and R5 are, for instance, sulfonates and R7 is, for instance, a halogen or an acetate. From compounds of the general formula II, such as 3-O-aryl-4-C-hydroxymethyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-&agr;-D-ribofuranose, intermediates of the general formula III are suitable for coupling with silylated nucleobases. Upon one-pot base-induced ring-closure and desulfonation of the formed [2.2.1]bicyclo nucleoside, a short route to each the LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) derivatives of adenosine, cytosine, uridine, thymidine and guanidine is demonstrated. The use of the 5′-sulfonated ring-closed intermediate also allows for synthesis of 5′-amino- and thio-LNAs.

Abstract: Provided are compounds and compositions thereof that are useful for treating information, particularly pulmonary inflammations including asthma and asthma-related pathologies such as allergy. Also provided are methods for using such compounds and compositions of the invention to treat patients suffering from, or predisposed to develop inflammation.

Abstract: Novel synthetic polysaccharides for use in the treatment of pathologies associated with a coagulation dysfunction.

Abstract: A method for immunosuppression in a subject comprising administering to the subject in need thereof, a pharmaceutically effective amount of at least one sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol derivative represented by General formula (1-1): wherein R101 represents an acyl residue of a higher fatty acid, and R102 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl residue of a higher fatty acid; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Of the sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol derivatives, &bgr;-sulfoquinovosylacylglycerols are novel compounds. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of the &bgr;-sulfoquinovosylacylglycerols and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition may be used as an immunosuppressive agent, anticancer agent and DNA polymerase &agr; inhibitor.

Abstract: Compounds represented by general formula (I) wherein X represents OH or OSO3H; and R represents a substituent other than OH which allows, after leaving, the induction of unsaturated bonds into the 3- and 4-positions of 3,6-anhydrogalactose or its sulfated derivative, and/or a substituent showing a tissue-specific affinity.

Abstract: An anticancer drug includes a compound represented by Formula (1): where R101 represents an acyl moiety of a saturated higher fatty acid, and R102 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl moiety of a saturated higher fatty acid, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: An immunosuppressant comprising Glucopyranose derivatives of the formula (I): wherein R is H, OH etc; G is —CH2CH(R1—R2)(R3—R4), in which R1 is a single bond, OCO-alkyl; R2, R4 is H, phenyl which may be substituted by halogen atoms etc.; R3 is alkylene; R5 is OCO-alkyl, R6 is H, phenyl which may be substituted by halogen atoms etc. or R5—R6 is OCO—Z-(dialkoxyphenyl); R7 is H, CH2OH etc; or non-toxic salts thereof as active ingredient. Glucopyranose derivatives of the formula (I) or non-toxic salts thereof possess an activity of immunosuppression, and being useful as the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by abnormal enhancement of immunity, e.g. allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: An anticancer drug includes a compound represented by Formula (1): 1

Abstract: The Methods of the present invention prepare carrageenan products from processed seaweed material using shear stress treatment are disclosed. The carrageenan products comprise at least about 65% by weight of carrageenan and at least about 2% by weight of acid insoluble material. The carrageenan products of the present invention preferably have an onset of hydration below about 40*C and a color of greater than about 74 *L units. The carrageenan products of the present invention are useful as components in food products, such as, dairy products, meats, and dessert gels as well as non-food products, such as, toothpaste formulations, cosmetics, and paints.

Abstract: A process that can be used for sulfonating, sulfating, or sulfamating an organic compound is disclosed. The process can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, contacting the organic compound with sulfur trioxide under a condition sufficient to effect the sulfonation, sulfation, or sulfamation of the organic compound. The organic compound can be an aromatic compound, alcohol, carbohydrate, amine, amide, protein, or combinations of two or more thereof. The sulfur trioxide can be present in a complex comprising an inorganic support such as zeolite, silicalite, silica, titanosilicate, borosilicate, clay, aluminophosphate, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Abstract: 1-O-(2-propenyl)-6-O-sulfonylpyranoside represented by the formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 each independently represents an alkyl or substituted silyl group, and R4 represents an alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing carrageenans, more particularly kappa and iota carrageenans, containing less than 2% by weight of insoluble material, comprising the steps of preparing an aqueous suspension of a seaweed which contain carrageenans and treating the resultant suspension with one or a mixture of enzyme(s).

Abstract: 1-O-(2-propenyl)-6-deoxy-6-carbonylthiopyranoside represented by the formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 each independently represents an alkyl or a substituted silyl group, and R5 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl or aryl group.

Abstract: Disclosed is an economical method for the preparation of chondroitin sulfates A and C useful as an effective ingredient of medicaments from fish scales as a waste material discharged from fishery in large quantities. Fish scales are enzymatically decomposed in an aqueous medium in the presence of a protease to isolate the chondroitin sulfate compounds and by-product polypeptides followed by removal of the by-product polypeptides from the aqueous solution by a cation-exchange treatment and then the aqueous solution of the chondroitin sulfate compounds is subjected to fractional precipitation by the addition of ethyl alcohol as the precipitant.

Abstract: A novel endo-fucoidan-lyase and a novel microorganism useful in the production of sugar compounds.

Abstract: &agr;-D-pentofuranoside derivatives have the general formula (D), in which R stands for (C1-C4)alkyl that is non-substituted or substituted one or several times by halogen, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy and/or phenyl, and R1 stands for [(C6-C20)aryl]k−[(C1-C4)alkyl or [(C6-C20)]aryl]k−[(C1-C12)alkyl)(3-k)Si in which k=0 to 3, that are non-substituted or substituted one or several times by halogen, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy and/or (C6-C20) aryl, or preferably a benzyl that is non-substituted or substituted one or several times by the above substituents. Also disclosed are starting and intermediary compounds, up to furanosides (D) having an analogous structure, processes for preparing said furanosides and their precursors, and their use.

Abstract: The invention describes a new method to sequence DNA. The improvements over the existing DNA sequencing technologies are high speed, high throughput, no electrophoresis and gel reading artifacts due to the complete absence of an electrophoretic step, and no costly reagents involving various substitutions with stable isotopes. The invention utilizes the Sanger sequencing strategy and assembles the sequence information by analysis of the nested fragments obtained by base-specific chain termination via their different molecular masses using mass spectrometry, as for example, MALDI or ES mass spectrometry. A flirter increase in throughput can be obtained by introducing mass-modifications in the oligonucleotide primer, chain-terminating nucleoside triphosphates and/or in the chain-elongating nucleoside triphosphates, as well as using integrated tag sequences which allow multiplexing by hybridization tag specific probes with mass differentiated molecular weights.

Abstract: Apoptosis inducers, anticancer drugs and carcinostatic drugs containing sulfated-fucose-containing polysaccharide(s) and/or degradation product(s) thereof, and a method for inducing apoptosis by using sulfated-fucose-containing polysaccharide(s) and/or degradation product(s) thereof as the active ingredient. A degrading enzyme which is useful in the production of the degradation products of sulfated-fucose-containing polysaccharides.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions of nucleoside dimers containing an L-sugar in at least one of the nucleosides.

Abstract: The present invention offers a method for the purification or removal of virus characterized in containing a step where the virus in the virus-containing sample is adsorbed with sulfated-fucose-containing polysaccharide(s) and/or degradation product(s) thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carbohydrate derivative having formula I wherein R1 is (1-4C)alkoxy; R2, R3 and R4 are independently (1-4C)alkoxy or OSO3−, the total number of sulfate groups is 4, 5, or 6; and the twisted lines represent bonds either above or below the plane of the six-membered ring to which they are attached; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds of the invention have antithrombotic activity and may be used for treating or preventing thrombosis and for inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Abstract: Sulfated oligosaccharides, wherein the oligosaccharide has the general formula I:R.sub.1 --(R.sub.x).sub.n --R.sub.2 (I)wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and each R.sub.x represents a monosaccharide unit, all of which may be the same or different, adjacent monosaccharide units being linked by 1.fwdarw.2, 1.fwdarw.3, 1.fwdarw.4 and/or 1.fwdarw.6 glycosidic bonds and n is an integer of from 1 to 6, and use thereof as anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic and/or anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: The present application describes total or partial butyric esters of polysaccharides as novel compounds; the number of hydroxyl groups esterified with butyric residues per each glycosidic monomer is preferably higher than 0.001; the application also describes the process of preparation of said esters, their use in therapy as antiproliferative agents, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a desulfated polysaccharide, which comprises reacting a sulfated polysaccharide having a saccharide in which a primary hydroxyl group is sulfated, as a constituent sugar, with a silylating agent represented by the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 s are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, R.sup.2 represents a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.3 s are the same or different and each represent a lower alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen atom,and a desulfated heparin obtained by this production process.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbohydrate mimetics, which inhibit the binding of selectin to carbohydrate ligands, of the formula I ##STR1## excluding the compounds sialyl-Lewis-X and -A and their derivatives which, instead of an N-acetyl group, carry the substituents N.sub.3, NH.sub.2 or OH or which, instead of fucose, carry glycerol,and pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic agents containing these derivatives, and methods for using these pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic agents.

Abstract: Analogues of RNA and DNA compounds contain a neutral, stereoregular linking group based on replacement of the phosphoryl with a sulfonyl group. Precursors to the analogues are also described, as are methods for preparing the precursors and analogues.

Abstract: A pyruvate compound suitable for cosmetically or dermatologically administering to the skin and for use in treating diabetic ketosis or other medical treatments. The compound includes a pyruvate selected from the group of pyruvate thioester, dihydroxyacetonepyruvate, and an ester of pyruvate and a sugar or a polyol.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel saccharide derivatives which inhibit binding of toxins, such as heat-labile enterotoxin or cholera toxin, to their receptors either in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, disclosed are compounds which inhibit binding of enterovirulent organisms (e.g., bacteria, virus, fungi, and the like), such as Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, to their cell surface receptors.

Abstract: Cystitis of the bladder and urinary tract, particularly interstitial cystitis, are treated using effective unit doses of chondroitin sulfate. Further, cystitis patients are screened for their response to a given cystitis treatment using a method in which patients are first challenged with an irritant and then treated with a selected cystitis therapeutic. Candidates for further treatment are identified as those patients who on receiving the selected therapeutic, report relief from at least one symptom elicited with the irritant. Also provided are kits comprising solutions for carrying out this screening method.

Abstract: The present invention concerns soluble betaglycan for use in promoting the healing of wounds or fibrotic disorders with reduced scarring, together with methods for same.

Abstract: A novel endo-fucoidan-lyase and a novel microorganism useful in the production of sugar compounds. Sugar compounds represented by the following general formula (1), wherein at least one of alcoholic hydroxyl group has been sulfated, or salts thereof: ##STR1## wherein Y represents hydrogen or a group represented by the following formula (2).

Abstract: Hyaluronic acid, hyaluronate esters and salts thereof are sulfated such that the number of sulfate groups per monomeric unit is in the range of from 0.5 to 3.5. The sulfated derivatives exhibit anticoagulant and cell adhesion reduction properties, and may be used to prepare biomaterials.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the unexpected discovery that a molecule having as its major repeating units N-acetylglucosamine alternating in sequence with 2-O-sulfated uronic acid, inhibits FGF mitogenicity, and thus is useful in inhibiting angiogenesis. Additionally, the molecule has low toxicity and inhibits FGF mitogenicity without affecting anticoagulant activity. One preferred molecule is a glycosaminoglycan such as archaran sulfate. The molecules are in pharmaceutical compositions that can be used in the treatment of diseases which are angiogenesis-dependent.

Abstract: A method for obtaining sulphated polysaccharides using the free radical depolymerization of a fucan from Phaeophyceae in the presence of a metal catalyst and of hydrogen peroxide is described. The method of the invention provides polysaccharide fractions with a molecular weight of 10,000 g/mol or less, with anticoagulant properties.

Abstract: Purified and substantially pure &bgr;-carrageenan and processes for their preparation. Purified &bgr;-carrageenan can be obtained from a marine macroalga containing &bgr;-carrageenan and/or a precursor thereof by the steps of: A. where the macroalga contains a precursor of &bgr;-carrageenan, reacting the macroalga with an alkaline compound to convert the precursor to &bgr;-carrageenan, B. extracting carrageenan from the macroalga, C. treating the extracted carrageenan with an aqueous quaternary ammonium salt to form a precipitate and an aqueous solution, D. separating the solution from the precipitate, and E. isolating purified &bgr;-carrageenan from the solution. Substantially pure &bgr;-carrageenan can be obtained from purified &bgr;-carrageenan by the further steps of: F. forming a solution of purified &bgr;-carrageenan in water, G. contacting the solution with an ion exchange agent that removes carrageenan which contains sulfate ester from the solution, H.