Abstract: Methods of making glucose and/or furfural from biomass require one or more supercritical fluids that may be used to process biomass, cellulose from the biomass, and/or xylose from the biomass. Examples of supercritical fluids for use in processing biomass include ethanol, water, and carbon dioxide at a temperature and pressure above the critical points for ethanol and carbon dioxide but at a temperature and/or pressure below that of the critical point for water. A supercritical fluid containing carbon dioxide and water may be used to convert cellulose to glucose or convert xylose to furfural. The fluid has a temperature and pressure above the critical point of carbon dioxide, but at least one of the temperature and pressure is below the critical point for water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrolyzing cellulose, comprising: (a) contacting cellulose with a fluid mixture comprising supercritical CO2 and sub-critical or near-critical water to form a reactant mixture at a first temperature and first pressure for a first time period, wherein a reaction occurs and forms one or more hydrolysis products; (b) quenching the reaction; and (c) recovering at least one hydrolysis product.

Abstract: A method including: pretreating biomass feed stock in a first pressurized reactor, wherein the feed stock undergoes hydrolysis in the first pressurized reactor; discharging the feed stock from the first pressurized reactor to a pressurized sealing device having a first pressurized coupling to a feedstock discharge port of the first pressurized reactor; maintaining a vapor phase in the first pressurized reactor by injecting steam; washing the feed stock; draining dissolved hemi-cellulosic material extracted from the feed stock; discharging the feed stock from the pressurized sealing device through a second pressurized coupling to a second pressurized reactor; in the second pressurized reactor, infusing cells of the feed stock with steam or water vapor, and rapidly releasing the pressure applied to the feed stock to cause steam expansion in the cells of the feed stock and refine the feed stock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for extracting active principles from natural sources, using a counter-flow extractor assisted by a sound transduction system, which allows a cavitation sound field to be applied in the zone containing the material formed by the raw material of the natural product and a solvent extraction medium.

Abstract: A preparation of a kind of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 medicinal composition aqueous solution containing ginsenoside Rg3 0.5˜10 mg/ml: add 0.1-5% of ginsenoside solution to 0.1˜30% of adjuvant A, B{circle around (1)}{circle around (2)}{circle around (5)} at the temperature of 40˜100° C., the ratio of these two is 1:1˜300, add water after the solvent is recycled under reduced pressure; another kind of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 medicinal composition aqueous solution contains 0.1˜2 mg/ml of 20(R) of the ginsenoside Rg3, the preparation: add 0.1˜5% of ginsenoside solution to 20˜65% of adjuvant B{circle around (3)}{circle around (4)} at the temperature of 60˜100° C., main material to adjuvant B=1:100˜400, add water after the solvent is recycled under reduced pressure.

Abstract: Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution under alkaline conditions in the presence of ammonia and optionally an additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin without loss of hemicellulose. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Abstract: A description is provided of a method for extraction of D-galactose, with the following steps: provision of an aqueous solution or suspension of galactoarabinan, wherein the aqueous solution or phase has a pH of less than or equal to 3; heating of the solution or suspension to a temperature in the range from 80 to 160° C. and maintaining it at this temperature for a period in the range from 1 to 40 hours; separation of the D-galactose formed, possibly in a mixture with other substances, from the resultant product mixture.

Abstract: Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution under alkaline conditions in the presence of one or more alkylamine and optionally one or more additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Abstract: Concentrated sugar solutions obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting enriched biomass with a dilute mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or a combination thereof, to produce an intermediate saccharification product, which is contacted with an enzyme consortium to produce a final saccharification product comprising fermentable sugars.

Abstract: Provided are a sulfated C-glycoside which is a novel compound serving as a precursor of chafuroside and chafuroside analogs; a method for efficiently producing the sulfated C-glycoside; and a method for efficiently producing chafuroside and chafuroside analogs using said sulfated C-glycoside. A sulfated C-glycoside represented by general formula (A1) or (B1) [wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently represent each a hydrogen atom or an OH group] is obtained by extracting tea leaves or tea tannins with water, a lower alcohol solvent having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a liquid mixture comprising the same. Alternatively, the sulfated C-glycoside is produced by reacting a flavone C-glycoside such as isovitexin or vitexin with a sulfate group-introducing agent to thereby sulfate the flavone C-glycoside. By heating the sulfated C-glycoside thus obtained, chafuroside and chafuroside analogs are efficiently produced.

Abstract: A method and a device for making reducing sugar firstly combine a bio-substance containing lignocellulose with a solvent, thereby conducting a degradation reaction upon afore mixture through an autoclave so as to promote the bio-substance to solvent ratio during the production. Thus, a reducing sugar solution of a high concentration is produced. In the meantime, the bio-substance containing lignocellulose does not need a high-temperatured steaming after the degradation. Therefore, the water amount and the energy resources that are applied in the present invention are less than those of the conventional technique. Further, the autoclave is a common apparatus in the market, which facilitates in an easy purchase, decreases the producing cost, and benefits the product promotion.

Abstract: A film-forming binder polymer for a coating composition such as a paint, varnish or woodstain where the polymer is modified by the presence of bonded moieties derived from plant gum, particularly plant fibre gum obtainable from plant fibre, especially corn fibre gum and more particularly moieties derived from proteo-xylans and/or furanose. The modified binder polymer minimises the need to use coalescing solvents without producing poor dried paint coatings which fail the scrub resistance tests also improves the opacity of the dried coating composition.

Abstract: A process for dewatering biomass material comprising polysaccharide and water. The process comprises wetting the biomass material with a wetting composition comprising an alcohol to form a biomass slurry comprising wetted biomass material and a liquid component, mechanically separating a portion of the liquid component from the biomass slurry, and mechanically separating at least a portion of the water from the wetted biomass material. A process for extracting polysaccharide from the biomass material and a dewatered biomass material are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for removing contaminants, such as mineral salts, mineral acids, terpenoids, stilbenes, flavonoids, proteinaceous materials, metal impurities, ash and other organic products, from a lignocellulosic feedstock stream containing oxygenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Methods of producing organic materials, and in particular methods of producing petroleum materials and organic compounds such as aromatic acids, phenols, and aliphatic poly-carboxylic acids using an oxidative hydrothermal dissolution (OHD) process are disclosed.

Abstract: Sugar solutions are obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction. The solid fraction is separated from the lignin-containing liquid fraction and contacted with an acid solution, the acid solution comprising about 70 weight percent to about 100 weight percent sulfuric acid or an acid mixture comprising phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, at a temperature and for a reaction time sufficient to produce a decrystallized biomass mixture. Water is added and the diluted biomass mixture is then hydrolyzed to produce a saccharification product comprising sugars.

Abstract: Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution under alkaline conditions in the presence of one of more sulfide (hydrosulfide) salt and optionally one or more additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of purifying Rebaudioside D from the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant extract along with Rebaudioside A. The methods are useful for producing high purity Rebaudioside D and Rebaudioside A. The high purity Rebaudiosides are useful as non-caloric sweeteners in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectionaries, bakeries, cookies, chewing gums, and alike.

Abstract: Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution, under alkaline conditions, in the presence of one or more organo-mercaptan and optionally one or more additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a sugar, whereby any non-sugar component can be removed from a sugar solution with high efficiency and the color value of the sugar solution can be reduced. Specifically disclosed is a process for producing sugar, which is characterized by comprising: adding ethanol to a sugar solution produced by squeezing a plant; removing precipitates produced by the addition of ethanol from the solution; and crystallizing sugar from the sugar solution from which the precipitates have been removed.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of Caralluma extract which includes shade-drying of Caralluma plant material; ii) treating the dried Caralluma plant material by at least one operation selected from a group consisting of sorting, cleaning and sizing to obtain Caralluma plant material meant for extraction or any combination thereof; iii) extracting the Caralluma plant material with a first solvent for at least two initial iterations followed by at least two subsequent iterations with a second solvent at controlled temperature to obtain a diluted extract; iv) removing the solvent from the diluted extract by distillation at a temperature below about 40° C. to obtain a concentrate; v) chilling the concentrate at a temperature of about 6 to about 10° C. for a period of about 7 to about 8 hours to obtain a chilled concentrate; vi) filtering the chilled concentrate to obtain a filtrate; vii) concentrating the filtrate at a temperature below about 60° C.

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing a plant composition comprising dehydrosoyasaponin I (D-I), the method comprising the steps of extracting a plant flour with a solvent capable of extracting soyasaponins to produce an extract, and treating the extract with light. Also provided are compositions produced according to the method of the present invention.

Abstract: Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution under alkaline conditions in the presence of one or more alkylamine and optionally one or more additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Abstract: Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution under alkaline conditions in the presence of ammonia and optionally an additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin without loss of hemicellulose. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Abstract: A method of making a natural sweetening composition comprising the steps of (a) steam stripping a crude mixture of at least one plant based natural high intensity sweetening compound; and (b) at least one step of filtering the crude mixture.

Abstract: A novel, commercially viable process for the extraction of high purity (>70%), bioactive furostanolic saponins including protodioscin (>30%), from the seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) comprising essentially the steps of powdering of the natural material followed by a first extraction, an ion-exchange chromatographic purification and a second extraction using a novel composite solvent and drying of the product under defined conditions, the entire process being carried out at essentially neutral pH and low temperatures of less than 80° C.

Abstract: Biomass is pretreated using an organic solvent solution under alkaline conditions in the presence of elemental sulfur and optionally one or more alkylamine and/or one or more additional nucleophile to fragment and extract lignin. Pretreated biomass is further hydrolyzed with a saccharification enzyme consortium. Fermentable sugars released by saccharification may be utilized for the production of target chemicals by fermentation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are brown algae-derived fucoidan and in particular a method for degrading fucoidan to a low-molecular weight so that fucoidan as sparingly-degradable polysaccharide (M.W. 3,000,000 to 5,000,000) can be more efficiently extracted from brown algae and it can be absorbed in the human body. The method comprises preparing a fucoidan extract containing as much fucoidan as possible from brown algae selected from Hizikia fusiforme, Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria saccharina, Ecklonia cava, Cladosiphon Okamuranus and Nemacystus decipiens, and low-molecularizating the fucoidan extract using Vibrio halioticoli (Accession No. KCTC 10998BP) and a probiotic mixture containing Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus mesentericus, Clostridium butyricum, and glycosyltransferase thereof. According to the method, fucoidan can be efficiently degraded to a low molecular weight using microorganisms so that it can be absorbed in the human body.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing methylhydroxyalkylcellulose having a small number of colored particles by separation of methylhydroxyalkylcellulose from aqueous suspension with subsequent washing of the methylhydroxyalkylcellulose using a specially equipped rotary pressure filter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and system of recovering multiple products from industrial-scale production of a biomass of an aquatic species.

Abstract: Provided is a pressure-cycling type of extraction device comprising: an extraction unit for accommodating and extracting an extraction target substance; a compression unit for increasing the pressure inside the extraction unit; and a decompression unit for decreasing the pressure inside the extraction unit; wherein the pressure inside the extraction unit is increased and decreased by alternately operating the compression unit and the decompression unit, and the extraction unit comprises a bubbling nozzle for supplying bubbles into the extraction target substance. Further provided is a pressure-cycling type of extraction method in which a compression process and a decompression process are carried out alternately, and compositions produced by the method. The extraction device and method allow low temperature extraction, permit outstanding extraction efficiency and can prevent colour changes, olfactory changes and thermal denaturation of the extraction target substance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for extracting and subsequently isolating components from biological material, in particular sugar beets.

Abstract: A method of extracting starch from corn. The method comprises steeping ground corn in a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and water, for a period of between 45 minutes and 20 hours wherein the mixture has a pH level between about 11.3 and 11.4. This method provides the advantage of extracting starch from corn with higher yields in less time.

Abstract: A starch-based biodegradable material composition includes: an enzyme-hydrolyzed starch; and a biodegradable polyester selected from at least one of an aliphatic polyester of polybutylene succinate and an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester. The enzyme-hydrolyzed starch is prepared by hydrolyzing a native starch using a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme. The starch-hydrolyzing enzyme has an activity unit ranging from 15000 to 40000.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of extracting crude polysaccharide by microwave-assisted from Artemisia sphaerocephala seed de-oiling dregs. In particular, the invention comprising: microwave-assisted extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, dialysis et. al. It provides a technique whereby the polysaccharide can be extracted effectively, in a relatively short period of time (20-30 min) with respect to conventional extraction methods and allows for an enhanced extraction yield (more than 30%). Furthermore, the invention also allows for the extraction of material with less solvent consumption, good reproducibility, excellent solubility, energy conservation, environmental protection, and showed great potential for efficient sample preparation and large-scale industrial application in the near future. With great resource advantage of Artemisia sphaerocephala in China, the invention has bright perspectives in promoting local economic development.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process of reducing the ash content of a biomass feedstock or a biomass fraction. Embodiments include a process of reducing the ash content of a biomass feedstock or of a biomass fraction comprising: providing a biomass or biomass fraction; adding alcohol and acid to the biomass to yield a reaction mixture; separating the reaction mixture into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction by centrifugation; and distillating the liquid and collecting the solid to recover reaction reagents. The biomass can comprise aquatic species such as lemna.

Abstract: A method for producing an orally ingestible composition containing an arabinofuranosyl vitexin and/or a hydrolysate thereof by using Basella alba as a raw material. The product of such method has a sedative effect and a sleep-inducing effect.

Abstract: This invention relates to degradation of biomass with a peroxide in the presence of a metal catalyst. The process can result in ethanol production from cellulosic biomass, fuel gases, useful chemicals and biochemicals from decomposition products, heat and/or pressure for direct use, and electricity generation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microwave radiating device which treats a radiated material by microwave irradiation; and further provides a method of producing a sugar ingredient from a plant material. The microwave radiating device of the present invention is equipped with an irradiating means which has a microwave radiating source, and containers which accept radiated material inside. Further, the container of the device has supply means which provides radiated material to the container, and discharge means which discharges radiated material from the container, and a microwave receiving section which makes microwaves that irradiate from radiating means, penetrate into the container through the medium of dielectric material. Further, there is provided at least one layer that is composed of non-dielectric material, between the atmosphere of the inner side and the outer side of the container. Yet, irradiating means and the above container are connected in a removable mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a three-profile chromatographic sequential SMB process of separating and recovering products such as sugars and betaine from multicomponent feed solutions. In the process of the invention, product fractions and optionally recycle fractions are collected from several positions of the chromatographic separation system. The process of the invention may be applied to the separation of sucrose and betaine from sugar beet based solutions and to the separation of sugars, e.g. xylose, from plant-based hydrolysates, for example.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of this invention encompass a method for purifying a substantially crude stevioside, methods for preparing polymorphic and amorphous forms of stevioside, and the polymorphic and amorphous forms prepared therefrom.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of bolting and flowering time control in sugar beet, specifically to methods as well as nucleic acid molecules, chimeric constructs, and vectors for engineering bolting resistance in sugar beet by means of altering the expression of the Beta vulgaris homologues BvFT1 and BvFT2 of the FT gene. In particular, the present invention provides sugar beet plants having a phenotype of bolting resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining a product sugar stream from a cellulosic biomass, comprising pretreating the cellulosic biomass to hydrolyze a portion of the cellulose and hemicellulose to produce glucose, acetic acid and a sugar monomer, adding base to the pretreated cellulosic biomass to produce inorganic salt and acetate salt; hydrolyzing the neutralized cellulosic biomass with cellulase enzymes and separating insoluble residue from the resulting sugar stream; treating the clarified sugar stream using exclusion chromatography at a pH of 5 to 10 to produce a product sugar stream.

Abstract: A novel low-carbohydrate digestible hydrocolloidal composition is separated from a cereal-based substrate by means of a specific sequence of steps for treating an aqueous slurry of the substrate. These all-natural compositions are low in digestible carbohydrates, principally starches, and rich in soluble fiber, principally ?-glucan, as well as proteins. The hydrocolloidal products are recovered in high yields, are smooth in texture, have unexpected thickening properties, have a bland flavor, and are useful for texturizing food, especially bakery products. These hydrocolloidal products can also be used as food ingredients for increasing the nutritional level of foods and supplements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flavonol compound and a bioactive extract/fraction from Ulmus wallichiana useful for the management or prevention or treatment of bone disorders. Said extract/fraction comprising marker compounds of general formula 2, K058: R1?R2?0H K012: R1?R2?OH, 2,3 double bond K068: R1?R2?H KIOOi R1?OH, R2?H mula 2 Wherein the marker compounds K012, K058, K068, K100 ranges 6.7-12%, 1.7-4.5%, 0.6-1.2%, 1.7-4.5% respectively in alcoholic extract and a process of extraction thereof. According to another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the said compound. The present invention further provides a method of treating bone disorders by administering the pharmaceutical composition by oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, intra-peritoneal or intramuscular route.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydrolyzing a plant fiber material and producing and separating a saccharide including glucose. The method of the invention includes a hydrolysis process of using a cluster acid catalyst in a pseudo-molten state to hydrolyze cellulose contained in the plant fiber material and produce glucose. In the hydrolysis process, the cluster acid catalyst and a first amount of the plant fiber material that increases a viscosity of the cluster acid catalyst in a pseudo-molten state when added to the cluster acid catalyst in a pseudo-molten state are heated and mixed, and a second amount of the plant fiber material is then further added when the decrease in viscosity of the heated mixture occurs.

Abstract: A method for pretreating plant starting material for the purpose of producing bioethanol and/or sugar via a common chamber (12), is characterized in that: —during one period, the plant material (MP), introduced into the common pretreatment chamber, is a lignocellulosic plant starting material, whose pretreatment is aimed at separating the cellulose, the hemicelluloses and the lignins so as to obtain a pretreated plant material that can be hydrolyzed and fermented for the production of bioethanol; —during another period, the plant material (MP), introduced into the common pretreatment chamber, is a sacchariferous plant starting material, whose pretreatment is aimed at extracting therefrom, by diffusion, a sugar juice for the production of sugar and/or of bioethanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to use of polysaccharides obtained from Dendrobium for treating an allergic disease or for reducing airway-remodeling caused by inflammation.

Abstract: A process for recovering Rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants is provided and includes the steps of sequentially extracting plant material with a first solvent to obtain a first extract, filtering the first extract and passing the first extract through a polar resin to obtain a filtrate, and purifying the filtrate to obtain a crystalline-containing material. With further purification, a product containing over 99% Rebaudioside A is obtained. The present invention is also directed toward a method of purifying stevia glycosides to obtain purified Rebaudioside A. In one embodiment, the method includes silica gel column chromatography using an solvent comprising ethyl acetate and ethanol.

Abstract: The invention provides a high throughput, high purity, high yield system and method of isolating and purifying rebaudioside A (“Reb A”), with acceptable water solubility for all commercial uses, from commercially available Stevia rebaudiana starting material. The invention also provides a means of maximizing yields of 99+% purity Reb A based on the attributes of a given batch of Stevia starting material. The Reb A produced by the invention is water soluble, devoid of bitterness heretofore associated with rebaudioside sweeteners, non-caloric, and suitable for use as a reagent and as an ingredient in orally consumed products, e.g., as a sweetener, flavor enhancer, and flavor modifier.