Abstract: Disclosed herein are oligosaccharides and intermediates useful for the production thereof. The compounds are useful as analytical standards and as intermediates for the preparation of more complex oligosaccharide and N-glycan products. The compounds may be prepared in high purity using the selective stop/go synthetic methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of using a hyaluronan conjugate, which includes a hyaluronic acid (HA), a sex hormone, and a linker for coupling one of the disaccharide units of the HA and the sex hormone. The hyaluronan conjugates are used in treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating sialylated oligosaccharides, preferably sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), from disaccharides, preferably lactose, produced by a fermentation or enzymatic process.

Abstract: The present application discloses nanoparticles carrying therapeutic agents, including chemotherapeutic agents, and targeting ligands suitable for delivering these therapeutic agents through the blood brain barrier and methods of using these patients on those patients in need of such treatment.

Abstract: A method includes selecting a non-infant patient having an obesity-related metabolic disorder and being diagnosable with one or more of obesity, obesity-induced pre-diabetes, and obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. The method further includes selecting an effective amount of one or more human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) selected from: fucosylated HMOs 2?-fucosyllactose (2?-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-I), and difucosyllactose (DFL); non-fucosylated HMOs lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3?,6-disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT), 6?-sialyllactose (6?-SL), and 3?-sialyllactose (3?-SL); and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to functionalized saccharides anti-inflammatory agents which acts upon inflammatory mechanisms in mammals, in particular anti-inflammatory agents which act upon the expression of at least one cytokine by suppressing or inhibiting the expression of the at least one cytokine wherein said cytokine is selected from the group consisting of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Abstract: A conjugate of a potent cytotoxic agent with a cell-surface receptor binding molecule having a Formula (I), wherein T, L, m, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R1, R12, and R13 are defined herein, can be used for targeted treatment of cancer, autoimmune disease, and infectious disease.

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to photoinitiated dermal fillers, hyaluronic acid-rhCollagen double crosslinked dermal fillers and hyaluronic acid-rhCollagen semi interpenetrated network, each comprising plant-derived human collagen, as well as methods of using the same.

Abstract: A skin care composition comprising low molecular weight acetylated hyaluronic acid or its sodium salt having a weight average molecular weight less than 50 kDa, and a degree of acetylation of at least 3.6 is useful in the treatment of the visible effects of age on human skin.

Abstract: A first problem is to provide a novel technique for forming hyaluronan into particles. Further, a second problem is to provide a novel technique suitable for production of a composite particle containing an anionic polymer and a peptide. Means for solving the first problem is a composite particle containing an anionic polymer, and a cationic polymer (except for chitosan) having a degree of cationization of 0.2 or more. Means for solving the second problem is to mix an anionic polymer and a peptide in an aqueous solvent having a pH of 5 or less.

Abstract: A method of preparing a hydrogel product including crosslinked glycosaminoglycan molecules, said method including: i) providing a glycosaminoglycan crosslinked by amide bonds, wherein the crosslinked glycosaminoglycans include residual amine groups; and ii) acylating residual amine groups of the crosslinked glycosaminoglycans provided in i) to form acylated crosslinked glycosaminoglycans.

Abstract: Provided is a low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosarninoglycan, with the constituent units thereof being a glucuronic acid group, an N-acetaminogalactose group and a fucose group, and a sulfate ester group or acetyl ester group thereof. Glucuronic acid and N-acetaminogalactose are interconnected via ?(1-3) and ?(1-4) glucosidic bonds to form a backbone of a disaccharide repeating structural unit, and a fucose group is connected to the backbone as a side chain. On a molar ratio basis, the ratio of the glucuronic acid group:the N-acetaminogalactose group:the fucose group is 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.6-1.2). In the structure of the low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosaminoglycan, 10-30% of glucuronic acid groups are modified, on the 2-position, with a sulfate ester group, and the rest are hydroxyl groups; and a proportion of 10-30% of fucose groups is modified, on the 2-position, with an acetyl ester group, and the rest are hydroxyl or sulfate ester groups.

Abstract: Provided are a hyaluronic acid composition having excellent viscoelasticity and being easily injectable, and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hyaluronan conjugate, which includes a hyaluronic acid (HA), a sex hormone, and a linker for coupling one of the disaccharide units of the HA and the sex hormone. Also disclosed herein are the uses of the hyaluronan conjugate in treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands having an allose-based core are stable in aqueous formulation and are useful in treating, preventing, or reducing susceptibility to diseases or conditions mediated by TLRs, such as cancer, infectious disease, allergy, autoimmune disease, sepsis, and ischemia reperfusion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing low molecular weight hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of 100,000 to 200,000 daltons, the method comprising heating treatment, in the pH range 2.5 to 3.5, for an aqueous solution that contains hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of 500,000 daltons or greater.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a rotaxane polymer binder containing a polymer based on a rotaxane structure. The polymer binder may further contain a polymer cross-linked with a polar polymer. The polar polymer may be a polymer containing the element F, O or N in a functional group and having high polarity. In addition, the present disclosure provides an electrode containing the rotaxane polymer binder as a binder for a lithium secondary battery, and a secondary battery containing the electrode.

Abstract: A method of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extraction from gram negative bacterial cells is provided, said method comprising a step of extracting LPS from the gram negative bacterial cell in a LPS extraction solution comprising a salt, water, an alcohol, and a further organic solvent. Compositions and uses of the extracted LPS are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides N-acetyl-muramic acid (NAM) derivatives having Formula I, wherein Xa is selected from the group consisting of X1-X59, Ya is selected from the group consisting of H, monophosphate, uridine diphosphate and ethyl azide linker prepared from 2-azido-ethanol, and Za is selected from the group consisting of OH, an ethylene diamine coupled fluorophore, a peptide and a peptide with an ethylene diamine coupled fluorophore, wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of a monopeptide, a dipeptide, a tripeptide and a pentapeptide. Also provided are methods for synthesizing NAM derivatives and methods for modulating Nod2 in cells, modifying bacterial cell wall or modulating innate immune response by a subject to bacterial cells upon exposure to NAM derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymeric prodrug for use in the treatment, prevention and/or diagnosis a disease of the joint and pharmaceutical compositions and medical devices comprising said polymeric prodrugs.

Abstract: Provided is a complex obtained by reacting a polymer compound derivative obtained by modifying part of the hydroxy groups or amino groups of a polymer compound having the hydroxy groups or amino groups with a compound represented by the following general formula (I) with one or more kinds of compounds represented by the following general formulae (II) to (V): (I) A-X—Si(Y)nR3-n; (II) M(OR1)nR24-n; (III) Al(OR1)pR23-p; (IV) Mg(OR1)qR22-q; and (V) [Si(OR3)nR43-n]—(X)—[Si(OR5)nR63-n].

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a crystal of 6?-sialyllactose (hereinafter, referred to as 6SL) sodium salt, which is easily handled, and has high storage stability at normal temperature as well as under high temperature conditions, and provide a production process thereof. The present invention relates to a crystal of 6SL sodium salt and a process for producing the crystal.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a modified hyaluronic acid (HA) and to a method for making same, more specifically to a (poly)glycerol-modified HA derivative prepared by grafting glycidol to HA. The present invention also relates to the use of the HA derivative for preparing a dermal filler composition, a hydrogel comprising cross-linked HA and the (poly)glycerol-modified HA derivative, and a method for preparing said hydrogel. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the hydrogel as a cosmetic and/or aesthetic product, in particular as a dermal filler for tissue filling, replacing and/or augmenting.

Abstract: The present invention provides threads of hyaluronic acid, and/or derivatives thereof, methods of making thereof and uses thereof, for example, in aesthetic applications (e.g., dermal fillers), surgery (sutures), drug delivery, etc.

Abstract: Provided is a method of monitoring a vesicle in a sample, including contacting a vesicle in a sample with a membrane permeable marker that is converted into a detectable marker in the vesicle, measuring a signal of the detectable marker, and monitoring the vesicle based on the measured signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the treatment of immune mediated or immune related diseases or disorders, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer in mammalian subjects. This method comprises the administration of a naturally occurring, mammalian intermediary metabolite or T cell receptor ligand, preferably a glucosylceramide, to a mammalian subject. In a preferred embodiment, such mammalian subjects are human beings.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a chondroitin sulphate salt with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 10-30 kDa via chemical sulphation of an unsulphated chondroitin backbone is provided. The unsulphated chondroitin can be obtained by acid hydrolysis of a capsular polysaccharide K4 made directly from E. coli strain O5:K4:H4 or directly produced from a genetically modified strain of E. coli. Sulphation of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue at position 4 or 6 takes place simultaneously in the same polysaccharide chain, simulating the sulphation pattern observed in natural chondroitin sulphate.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst includes a support including particles of an alkaline earth salt, and first particles including a palladium compound on the support. The oxidation catalyst can also include precious metal group (PMG) metal particles in addition to the first particles intermixed together on the support. A gas permeable polymer that provides a continuous phase can completely encapsulate the particles and the support. The oxidation catalyst may be used as a gas sensor, where the first particles are chemochromic particles.

Abstract: A composition, which upon activation, spontaneously forms a cross-linked hydrogel in aqueous liquid, includes: a) a formulation containing a hyluronan (HA-formulation) which includes a hyaluronan backbone (HA backbone) and a plurality of a reactive substituent group (reactive HA substituent) which i) is directly attached to the HA backbone, and ii) exhibits the reactive HA-group, and b) a formulation of a homo-multifunctional cross-linking reagent (CLR-formulation) exhibiting a plurality of a reactive group (reactive CLR-group). The two reactive groups are selected as a pair of counterparts that mutually and selectively react with each other to form a linkage structure. The hydrogel contains a cross-linking structure which a) is attached to the hyaluronan via two or more of the linkage structure and is defined by the reagent. The cross-linking structure exhibits a plurality of hydroxyl groups. The composition can be used in vivo or ex vivo as a support matrix.

Abstract: An outer layer having an entanglement comprising an intermingling of cloaked hydrophilic guest and a hydrophobic polymer host, wherein molecules of the guest have been crosslinked with each other. Under certain circumstances, using complexes of the guest may be desirable or even necessary. The intermingling of the guest and host includes a physical tangling, whether it also comprises crosslinking by primary bonding (e.g., chemical/covalent bonding) there-between. Also a method of producing an outer layer having such an entanglement, including the steps of: temporarily cloaking at least a portion of the hydrophilic groups of the guest; intermingling at least a portion of the cloaked groups with a porous polymeric structure by diffusing the guest with cloaked groups into at least a portion of the structure's pores; within the pores, crosslinking at least a portion of the molecules of the guest with the guest; and removing the cloaking. Cloaking may be performed by silylation or acylation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating sialic acid deficiencies comprising extended release formulations.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for production of gangliosides, e.g., GM1, from cells in culture using, for example, bone marrow cells and neuroblastoma cells. Methods include the treatment of cells with neural induction media and chloroquine, or chloroquine alone in the case of, e.g., human bone marrow cells, neuraminidase or glucosamine, to induce the production of gangliosides, e.g., GM1, in the cells. Also provided are methods of long-term, high density culturing of cells without passaging to produce gangliosides, e.g., GM1. Methods of quantifying gangliosides, e.g., GM1 in cell culture are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides, inter alia, a method of producing an outer layer material for forming into a structure and that comprises an entanglement having a hydrophobic polymer host and a hydrophilic guest, including in one embodiment the steps of: intermingling cloaked hydrophilic guest complexes with the hydrophobic host; crosslinking molecules of the guest with the guest; and performing a hydrolysis reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating sialic acid deficiencies comprising extended release formulations.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods related to proteins that are physically associated with ceramide-like glycolipids for use as activators of NKT cells. The compositions and methods of the present invention are useful for the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Abstract: A compound, which inhibits SGLT1 (sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1) activity to suppress absorption of glucose or the like, thereby suppressing abnormal glucose tolerance or postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions suitable for topical administration to a mammalian subject including sodium hyaluronate and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The present invention also provides methods for making and using the same.

Abstract: Described herein are fatty acid carbohydrate-hydroxyl-hybrid compounds and derivatives thereof, and methods of treating or preventing disease and disease symptoms using the compounds and compositions thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for production of gangliosides, e.g., GM1, from cells in culture using, for example, bone marrow cells and neuroblastoma cells. Methods include the treatment of cells with neural induction media and chloroquine, or chloroquine alone in the case of, e.g., human bone marrow cells, neuraminidase or glucosamine, to induce the production of gangliosides, e.g., GM1, in the cells. Also provided are methods of long-term, high density culturing of cells without passaging to produce gangliosides, e.g., GM1. Methods of quantifying gangliosides, e.g., GM1 in cell culture are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to deuterium-enriched hyaluronan, d-HA, compositions containing the same, methods of using the same, and methods for making the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of synthesis of ?-sialyl oligosaccharides and in particular of 6?-sialyllactose and its salts comprising a step of coupling by Koenigs-Knorr reaction under conditions that allow its use on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extraction from gram negative bacterial cells comprising the step: extracting LPS from the cell culture in a composition (LPS extraction composition) comprising water, an alcohol and a further organic solvent.

Abstract: A glycodendrimer comprising: a) a non-toxic dendrimer polypropyletherimine core supporting on average in the range of 9 to 64 terminal carboxylic acid groups, and b) conjugated to said core in the range of 2 to 8 amino sugars or a sulphate amino sugar selected from the group consisting of glucosamine, N-acetyl glucosamine, mannosamine, N-acetylmannosamine, galactosamine, a sulphate of any one of the same and a combination thereof, wherein each sugar is linked directly through a zero length amide bond with a residue of a terminal carboxylic acid group. The invention also extends to defined populations comprising said glycodendrimer molecules, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said molecules or populations, process for preparing the molecules and formulations, and therapeutic uses of the molecules, populations and compositions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cosmetic comprises a sugar compound obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group of a saccharide, an isocyanate group-containing organopolysiloxane represented by the following general formula (1), and an isocyanate group-containing organic compound represented by the following general formula (2). As a result, there is provided a cosmetic excellent in cosmetic sustainability and storage stability that can improve such undesirable feelings of use as insufficient spreadability and stickiness, improve the solubility to not only a non-polar oil such as a silicone oil and a light liquid paraffin, but also a polar oil such as a UV-absorber, an ester oil, and a natural animal and vegetable oil, provides non-stickiness with a cosmetic containing the polar oil, and prevent adhesion of the cosmetic to clothes (secondary adhesion).

Abstract: The present invention provides a growth promoting composition capable of promoting growth of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium living in the intestine of mammals such as human and the like. According to the present invention, a composition for promoting growth of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium, comprising one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Lacto-N-tetraose, Lacto-N-neotetraose and derivatives thereof can be provided. The aforementioned growth promoting composition is suitable for promoting growth of the aforementioned microorganism in the intestine by oral administration to, particularly, a human adult.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a biomedical composition, including: a hyaluronic acid; a modified histidine; and a polymer or C4-C20 alkane, wherein the modified histidine and the polymer or C4-C20 alkane are grafted to at least one primary hydroxyl group of the hyaluronic acid to allow the hyaluronic acid to form a hyaluronic acid derivative, wherein a graft ratio of the modified histidine is about 1-100%, and a graft ratio of the polymer or C4-C20 alkane is about 0-40%.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I); or a pharmaceutically acceptable form thereof; wherein R1,R2,R3,R6,R7,R12,Ra, and Rb are as defined herein, and G is a group of Formula (a), (b), or (c): Formula (II), wherein X1; X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, Y, RC, Rd, Rz, a, d, e, x, n, and m are as defined herein. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), kits comprising such compositions, methods of use and treatment, and preparative methods.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed that are useful for noninvasive imaging in the near-infrared spectral range.

Abstract: This invention provides low molecular weight lipid-GAG and phospholipids-GAG conjugates and methods of use thereof in suppressing, inhibiting, preventing, or treating a pathogenic effect on a cell, including, inter alia, infection with intracellular pathogens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crosslinked hyaluronan derivative in the form of a hydrogel or microfibers, and to a method of preparation thereof, consisting in a C—C coupling reaction. The C—C coupling reaction is performed via reaction of a hyaluronan derivative carrying a terminal aryl-halide and/or aryl-borate group, and a hyaluronan derivative carrying an alkenyl or alkynyl group, in water, phosphates buffer or a mixture of an organic acid and an alcohol, and in the presence of a palladium active catalyst. The palladium active catalyst may be e.g. a complex of palladium (II) acetate and an inorganic or organic base, or a complex of palladium (II) and 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine.