Abstract: The invention relates to derivatives of 12,13-epoxy-tylosin, the novel seynthetic antibiotics from tylosin group and the methods of their preparation. According to this invention hydrogenation followed by oximation of 12,13-epoxy-tylosin derivatives yields the following tylosin derivatives: 10,11-dihydro-12,13-epoxy, respectively 10,11-dihydro-12,13-epoxy oxime.Direct oximation of 12,13-epoxy tylosin derivative gives 12,13-epoxy oxime derivatives of tylosin.

Abstract: A process for separating a natural B avermectin from a natural avermectin containing fermentation broth by using an aqueous precipitation. The process comprises extracting natural avermectins from the fermentation broth with a water miscible solvent and adding sufficient water to precipitate the natural B avermectins. Preferably, the water miscible solvent is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alcohol, acetone, or acetonitrile. In addition, an acid, base, salt or surfactant may be added to facilitate the precipitation. This invention provides an isolation technique that substitutes the use of an aqueous precipitation for nonaqueous solvent precipitations. The reduction in use of nonaqueous solvents provides economic, environmental and safety benefits.

Abstract: A compound having formula (III). Also, a process of making azithromycin comprising reducing the compound of formula (III) and N-methylating the reduced product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to C-20 olefin derivatives of 16-membered macrolide antibiotics repromicin, rosaramicin, 5-mycaminosyltylonolide, desmycosin, lactenocin, O-demethyllactenocin, 4'-deoxymycaminosyltylonolide and 23-deoxymycaminosyltylonolide, which are useful against bacterial and mycoplasmic pathogens in animals. Also claimed are a pharmaceutical composition of such derivatives and their use in treating bacterial and mycoplasmic infections in animals.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel antiparasitic compounds of formula (I), wherein the broken line represents an optional bond, R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 being absent when this bond is present, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are independently H, OH, halo mercapto, oxo, oximino, or an organic radical, R.sup.2 and R.sup.7 are organic radicals, R.sup.6 is H or an organic radical and R.sup.12 is OH, halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkanoyloxy, or oximino optionally O-substituted by a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, trialkylsilyl, aralkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkanoyl group.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543K, A835430, A83543P, A83543U, A83543V, A83543W and A83543Y and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones of the new A83543 components are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods are provided for making the new A83543 components by culturing of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395, NRRL 18537, NRRL 18538, or NRRL 18539, or NRRL 18743 or NRRL 18719 or NRRL 18823 in suitable culture medium. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543K, A83543O, A83543P, A83543U, A83543V, A83543W and A83543Y and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones of the new A83543 components are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods are provided for making the new A83543 components by culturing of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395, NRRL 18537, NRRL 18538, or NRRL 18539, or NRRL 18743 or NRRL 18719 or NRRL 18823 in suitable culture medium. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: A new process has been developed for separating the water and acetic acid present in the aqueous phase contained in cellulose acetate flakes precipitated from esterification solutions of cellulose. The process includes the step of simultaneously extracting water and acetic acid from the aqueous phase with supercritical carbon dioxide until the content of water and acetic acid in the flakes is substantially reduced.

Abstract: Intermediates and a process for preparing doramectin, the compound of formula (I), semisynthetically from by-product in the fermentation procedure which also yields the compound of formula (I). The intermediates prepared by the process of this invention also have utility as antiparasitic agents. The process of this invention utilizes continuous reaction inert gas sparging during the pyrolysis step, resulting in a significant improvement in the overall yield of this conversion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the selective hydrogenation of avermectins with the aid of a rhodium-phosphine complex based on a hydrazine.

Abstract: "Esters" are synthesized by reacting a nucleophile with a propargyl xanthate advantageously having the formula (I):R.sub.3 --C.tbd.C--CR.sub.1 R.sub.2 --S--CS--Y--R (I)in the presence of at least one acid, Bronsted or otherwise, and at a temperature ranging from 0.degree. to 300.degree. C.; the subject reaction is particularly applicable to a wide variety of chiral organic syntheses.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: A method of producing a carboxylic acid glucuronide by reacting a carboxylic acid precursor with a blocked sugar epoxide precursor is disclosed. Also disclosed are: deuterated 11-nor-.DELTA..sup.8 - or .DELTA..sup.9 -THC carboxylic acid glucuronide having a deuterated hydrocarbon chain; 5'-deuterated 11-nor-.DELTA..sup.8 - or .DELTA..sup.9 -THC-carboxylic acid or 5'-deuterated .DELTA..sup.8 - or .DELTA..sup.9 -THC glucuronide. The compositions are useful as GC-MS standards; in methods for preparing antibodies reactive with a THC glucuronide; and, in GC-MS diagnostic methods for THC metabolites.

Abstract: Macrolides of formula (I) and methods of treatment of resistance to transplantation, fungal infections and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis using said macrolides of formula (I), wherein n is 1 or 2; A and B are taken together and form .dbd.O or A and B are taken separately and are each H or A is OH and B is H; R.sup.1 is a 2-aminoglycosyl group; R.sup.2 is OH or a glycosyloxy group; and R.sup.3 is an alkyl or allyl group.

Abstract: Trityl derivatives useful as "linkers" for preparation of imunoconjugates comprising drugs end antibodies are provided. Immunoconjugates and processes for their preparation and use are also provided. This invention also provides for prodrugs comprising a substituted trityl group conjugated with a drug of choice as well as methods of using the imunoconjugates and prodrugs of this invention.

Abstract: The specification discloses a process for the manufacture of cellulose acetate. The process reacts, at a temperature suitable for acetylation, an acetic acid activated pretreated cellulose raw material containing 100 parts cellulose by dry weight, and 0.5 to 40 parts of a bisulfate catalyst by dry weight of the cellulose. The bisulfate catalyst is selected from lithium bisulfate, sodium bisulfate, and potassium bisulfate. To enhance mixing with the activated and pretreated cellulose, the catalyst may be mixed with 2 to 4 parts of acetic anhydride by dry weight of the cellulose, and 4 to 6 parts of acetic acid by dry weight of the cellulose. In a further embodiment, 0.05 to 10 parts of a strong Bronsted acid by weight of the dry cellulose may be added as a co-catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ester derivatives of antibiotic A 40926 complex and its N-acylaminoglucuronyl aglycone. The compounds of the invention are prepared according to an esterification process involving reaction of an A 40926 substrate with an excess of the selected alkanol in the presence of concentrated mineral acid and are reactive as antibiotics.

Abstract: 16-membered macrolide derivatives represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent group which protects a hydroxyl group; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent group which protects a hydroxyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain aliphatic acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain aliphatic or aromatic acyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed.A novel process for producing these 16-membered macrolide derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel macloride antibiotic having a potent antibacterial activity, represented by the formula: ##STR1## which is obtained by introducing a specific aryloxy or alkoxy group into the 3-position of a 5-O-desosaminylerythronolide derivative; or phamaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

Abstract: Mutants of Streptomyces avermitilis lacking ability to produce glycosylated avermectins and lacking branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity, method for preparation thereof, and use thereof to produce natural and non-natural avermectin aglycones useful as parasiticides.

Abstract: Streptomyces avermitilis lacking branched-chain amino acid transaminase activity and/or branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity, methods for preparation thereof, and use thereof to produce natural and non-natural avermectins useful as parasiticides.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compounds having the formula ##STR1## as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of treating bacterial infection and colitis by the administration thereof.

Abstract: An active avermectin analogue which can be produced by directed biosynthesis is described. The compound, named 26-R-Avermectin B.sub.

Abstract: Mutants of Streptomyces avermitilis lacking ability to produce glycosylated avermectins and lacking branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity, method for preparation thereof, and use thereof to produce natural and non-natural avermectin aglycones useful as parasiticides.

Abstract: An aqueous, injectable, sustained release tilmicosin formulation comprises 250-350 mg/ml of tilmicosin and 250 mg/ml of propylene glycol, and has a pH adjusted to 6.

Abstract: Fermentation product A83543, comprising major components A83543A and A83543D and minor components A83543B, A83543C, A83543E, A83543F, A83543G, A83543H and A83543J, is produced by a newly described species, Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The A83543 components and their acid-addition salts (A83543 compounds) are useful as insecticides, particularly against Lepidoptera and Diptera species. Insecticidal, miticidal or ectoparasiticidal combinations, compositions and methods are provided.

Abstract: A production stimulator of nerve growth factor contains a new cyathane derivative of the form ##STR1## where R is either CHO or CH.sub.2 OH.

Abstract: A stable topical formulation with good active ingredient release characteristics, comprising at least one macrolide antibiotic which is lipophilized with at least one former of oppositely charged ions which is selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, and alkyl salicylates, RX, where R represents a linear and/or branched alkyl group with 6-32 C atoms, and X represents a sulfate, sulfonate, or salicylate group.

Abstract: Avermectin and milbemycin derivatives of formula (I) ##STR1## having a double bond at the 3-4 position and a cyano substituent at the 3-position have outstanding anthelmintic properties. They may be prepared by allowing an avermectin or milbemycin derivative having a leaving group at the 5-position, or having double bonds at the 2-3 and 4-5 positions and no substituent at the 5-position, to react with an ionic cyanide.

Abstract: A compound of the following formula is provided: ##STR1## wherein A represents a carbonyl group which may be protected; B represents an aldehyde group which may be protected; R.sup.1 represents a hydroxyl group which may be protected; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or acyl group; W represents a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, lower alkanoyloxy group or substituted sulfonyloxy group; Y represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxyl group or substituted sulfonyloxy group; and broken line "-------" represents a double bond or single bond. This compound is useful for producing 3,4'-dideoxymycaminosyltylonolide useful as an antimicrobial agent.

Abstract: Fermentation product A83543, comprising major components A83543A and A83543D and minor components A83543B, A83543C, A83543E, A983543F, A83543G, A83543H and A83543J, is produced by a newly described species, Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The A83543 components and their acid-addition salts (A83543 compounds) are useful as insecticides, particularly against Lepidoptera and Diptera species. Insecticidal, miticidal or ecto-parasiticidal combinations, compositions and methods are provided.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds which are derived from 22,23-dihydro avermectin B1 aglycone. The compounds are both isomers of the 27-hydroxy adduct of the substrate avermectin compound that have been glycosylated at the 4" position to yield 4"-O-glucosyl 27-OH avermectin compounds. The compounds and the intermediates used to make them are highly potent antiparasitic, insecticidal and anthelmintic avermectin agents.

Abstract: A stable topical formulation with good active ingredient release characteristics, comprising at least one macrolide antibiotic which is lipophilized with at least one former of oppositely charged ions which is selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, and alkyl salicylates, RX, where R represents a linear and/or branched alkyl group with 6-32 C atoms, and X represents a sulfate, sulfonate, or salicylate group.

Abstract: A novel antibiotic complex designated BU-4224V produced by fermentation of Kibdelosporangium albatum sp. nov. Strain R761-7. The complex may be separated chromatographically into bioactive components designated BU-4224V A, B.sub.1, B.sub.2, and C. The components BU-4224V B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 display both antiviral and antimicrobial activity, while component BU-4224V A has antimicrobial activity and component BU-4224V C has antiviral activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to the antibiotics LL-14E605.beta. and O-methyl-LL-14E605.beta. derived from the microorganism Sebekia benihana which are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R when taken individually is H; R.sup.1 when taken individually is H or OH; R and R.sup.1 when taken together represent a double bond;R.sup.2 is an alpha-branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl group; a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl group, any of which may be substituted by methylene or one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups or halo atoms; or a 3 to 6 membered oxygen or sulphur containing heterocyclic ring which may be substituted by one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups or halo atoms;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.4 is H or 4'-(alpha-L-oleandrosyl)-alpha-L-oleandrosyloxy with the proviso that when R.sup.2 is alkyl it is not isopropyl or sec-butyl; when R.sup.4 is H, each of R and R.sup.1 is H, and R.sup.2 is not methyl or ethyl; and when R.sup.4 is H, R is H, R.sup.1 is OH, and R.sup.

Abstract: 16-membered macrolide compounds wherein both of hydroxyl groups at the 3"- and 4"-positions form ether bonds together with two alkyl groups which are either the same or different from each other is useful as an antibacterial agent. The macrolide compounds represented by formula (I) are prepared by chemically modifying midecamycin A.sub.3 to obtain a synthesis intermediate of the formula (II), which is further chemically modified.

Abstract: An improved process for formation of a 5-oxime on avermectin derivatives comprises the treatment of the oxo-compound with hydroxylamine in aqueous isopropanol at pH 1.8-2.1.

Abstract: Avermectin derivatives, wherein the C-17-21-25-dioxaspirane substructure has been modified to include substitutions of heteratomic nucleophilic thiols at the 23,24-.alpha.-epoxide. These compounds can be similarly substituted at the 4"-, 5-, 13, and 25-positions. The new C-23 and C-24 substituted avermectin derivatives are potent anthelmintic, insecticidal and acaricidal agents.

Abstract: 16-membered macrolide derivatives represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a COR.sup.6 group, wherein R.sup.6 represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a COR.sup.6 group, wherein R.sup.6 is as defined above; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a COR.sup.6 group, wherein R.sup.6 is as defined above; R.sup.4 represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted allyl group; and R.sup.5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted, straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed. These compounds show excellent and long-acting antimicrobial activities. A novel process for producing these 16-membered macrolide derivatives is further disclosed.

Abstract: New cyathane derivatives shown by Formula (1) or (2) given below have the effect of stimulating production of nerve growth factors and antimicrobial effects: ##STR1## where R is either CHO or CH.sub.2 OH.

Abstract: Avermectins wherein one or both of the 3'- and 3"-positions of the oleandrose disaccharide moiety is substituted by an ethoxy rather than a methoxy group, process for their preparation; and their use as antiparasitic agents.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel form of avermectin compounds wherein the avermectin compounds are crystallized as alcohol solvates to greatly enhance stability of the avermectin drug during long-term storage. The avermectin compounds have utility as highly potent antiparasitic, insecticidal, and anthelmintic agents and compositions for that use are also disclosed.

Abstract: By carrying out the fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis ATCC 55278, a dried mycelium is obtained which, orally administered to animals, particularly to ovines, has an antiparasitic activity.

Abstract: A novel method has been discovered for the pretreatment of cellulose with acetic acid and acetic anhydride under pressure, resulting in uniformly activated cellulose fibers. The improved process for producing cellulose diacetate comprises the steps of: (1) pretreating and activating the fluffed cellulose fibers in a solution of glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride at room temperature and elevated pressure for a specific time; (2) mixing the activated cellulose containing acetic acid and anhydride further with a mixture of glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride and sulphuric acid catalyst and acetylating the cellulose at specific initial and end temperatures to form primary cellulose acetate; and (3) partially neutralizing the sulphuric acid catalyst and destroying the excess acetic anhydride by adding an aqueous solution of magnesium acetate with dilute acetic acid to provide an excess of water in the reaction dope for hydrolysis at elevated temperature and pressure conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process comprising continuously flowing a composition through a hydrolysis zone so as to achieve a residence time distribution such that at least 81% of the area under the residence time distribution curve is within plus or minus 50% of the mean residence time. The composition comprises cellulose triacetate in the range of 5 to 30%, water in the range of 4 to 25%, and acetic acid in the range of 45 to 91%.

Abstract: An improved process for formation of a 5-oxime on avermectin derivatives comprises the treatment of the oxo compound with O-(trimethylsilyl)hydroxylamine in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: Fermentation product A83543, comprising major components A83543A and A83543D and minor components A83543B, A83543C, A83543E, A983543F, A83543G, A83543H and A83543J, is produced by a newly described species, Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The A83543 components and their acid-addition salts (A83543 compounds) are useful as insecticides, particularly against Lepidoptera and Diptera species. Insecticidal, miticidal or ecto-parasiticidal combinations, compositions and methods are provided.

Abstract: A 4"-oxoavermectin intermediate is reductively aminated using hexa- or heptamethyldisilazane and sodium borohydride to produce a 4"-amino (or methylamino)avermectin. The 4"- aminoavermectin is a useful intermediate in the preparation of N-acyl derivatives. The compounds are useful as agricultural and animal health insecticides and parasiticides.

Abstract: Avermectin derivatives are disclosed which incorporate two fluorine atoms at the 4' monosaccharide position, the 4" disaccharide position or the 23 position. Avermectin aglycone derivatives are also disclosed which incorporate two fluorine atoms at position 13 or 23. These difluoro avermectin analogs are derived from corresponding ketones and enones which in turn are prepared by chemical modification of naturally occurring avermectins. These compounds are used as antiparisitic, insecticidal and antihelmintic agents in humans and animals and compositions containing such compounds as the active ingredient thereof are also disclosed.