Abstract: C-23-Modified derivatives of demycinosyltylosin (DMT) of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is iodo, bromo, chloro, fluoro, --S--R.sup.4, azido, --NHR.sup.5, pyridinium or --OSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3 ;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl, phenylpropionyl, phenoxyacetyl or phenylthioacetyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl or phenylpropionyl;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl or phenoxyacetyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: C-20-Modified derivatives of the macrolide antibiotics tylosin, desmycosin, macrocin, lactenocin, 2"'-O-demethylmacrocin and 2"-O-demethyllactenocin inhibit pathogenic bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria, Pasteurella species, and Mycoplasma species and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: 20-Amino derivatives of tylosin and desmycosin are active against bacteria and Mycoplasma.

Abstract: A process for producing cellulose diacetate is disclosed which comprises the steps of:(a) pretreating and activating 100 parts by weight of cellulose, adding a mixture of 200 to 400 parts of acetic anhydride, 0 to 350 parts of glacial acetic acid, and 0.5 to 5 parts of acid catalyst, heating the reactants to a temperature from 50.degree. C. to 85.degree. C. at approximately a constant rate, maintaining this temperature for 3 to 20 minutes, thereby acetylating cellulose to form primary cellulose acetate;(b) neutralizing the acid catalyst in the reaction mixture containing primary cellulose acetate obtained in step (a), introducing steam under pressure into the system to change the temperature of the system to 125.degree. C. to 170.degree. C., and maintaining this temperature for 30 minutes to 6 hours, thereby hydrolyzing the primary cellulose acetate to accomplish ripening; and(c) flashing the ripened reaction mixture at a temperature of 125.degree. C. to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: Tylosin derivatives shown by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group; R.sub.1 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyloxy group, a tetrahydropyranyloxy group, a tetrahydrothiofuranyloxy group, a tetrahydrothiopyranyloxy group, an alkanoyloxy group, an arylcarbonyloxy group, an aralkylcarbonyloxy group, a lower alkylthiomethyloxy group, a heterocyclic thio group which may have a substituent, a mono- or di- lower alkylamino lower alkylthio group or a group of ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.4 represents a hydroxyl group or an alkanoyloxy group); R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or an alkanoyloxy group; R.sub.3 represents a hydroxyl group or an alkanoyloxy group; and represents a single bond or a double bond, but represents a double bond when R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom.These compounds are useful as antibiotics.

Abstract: 4"- and 3-Ester derivatives of 23-demycinosyltylosin (DMT) and 23-de(mycinosyloxy)tylosin (DMOT) of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl or phenoxyacetyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl, or phenylpropionyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl, or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl, phenylpropionyl, phenoxyacetyl or phenylthioacetyl; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or R.sup.4 O--; and R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a specified acyl group provided that one of R or R.sup.2 must be other than hydrogen and that, when R.sup.1 is hydrogen, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or --OH and R.sup.2 is acetyl, R cannot be hydrogen, acetyl, n-butyryl or isovaleryl and, when R and R.sup.1 are hydrogen and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or --OH, R.sup.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel 23-demycinosyltylosin and derivatives thereof which have improved activity as antibiotics. Methods of preparation of the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed 20-imino-20-deoxo-4"-acyl derivatives of the antibiotic tylosin which have higher serum levels and better absorption than the parent tylosins. Methods of preparation of the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel avermectin compounds wherein the 4" hydroxy group is oxidized to a keto group or replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The keto compounds are prepared by oxidation with reagents such as oxalyl chloride in dimethylsulfoxide. The amino compounds are prepared from the ketone using a reducing agent and an aminating agent. Substituted amino compounds are prepared from the thus produced unsubstituted amino compounds. The keto compounds and amino compounds have utility as anti-parasitic agents and compositions for that use are also disclosed. The compounds are also highly potent insecticides against agricultural pests. In addition the amino compounds have anti-bacterial activity which is not found in any of the precursors.

Abstract: A process for the whole broth extraction of avermectins wherein the pH of the whole broth is adjusted with mineral acid and then contacted with a solvent extractant so that the avermectic active component is taken up by the solvent. The now avermectin rich extractant is then processed through a solvent concentration step and the avermectin isolated by conventional crystallization. The extractant is then recycled with appropriate make-up to extract a subsequent batch of whole broth.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for converting avermectin compounds (formerly identified as C-076 compounds) of the A-type, into avermectin compounds of the B-type. The process is carried out on the naturally occuring avermectin compounds as well as on derivatives thereof. The process involves selectively cleaving the 5-methoxy group, converting it into the hydroxy group, through the intermediate 5-keto group.

Abstract: 20-Dihydro-20-deoxy-23-de(mycinosyloxy)tylosin (20-deoxo-DMOT), specified 2'-acyl ester derivatives, and their acid addition salts are useful intermediates and antibacterial agents. Methods of preparing 20-deoxo-DMOT and 5-O-mycaminosyltylactone by fermentation of Streptomyces fradiae ATCC 31733 are included.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or hydroxy and at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, has strong antimicrobial and antibacterial activity..

Abstract: 20-Dihydro-20-deoxy-23-demycinosyltylosin (DH-DO-DMT), 20-dihydro-20-deoxy-5-O-mycaminosyltylonolide (DH-DO-OMT), specified acyl ester derivatives, and their acid addition salts are useful intermediates and antibacterial agents. Methods of preparing DH-DO-DMT and DH-DO-OMT by fermentation of Streptomyces fradiae and the microorganism S. fradiae ATCC 31733 are included.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or hydroxyl and at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, has antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria and against macrolide-resistant A group bacteria.

Abstract: Organic sulfur compounds containing a carbon-sulfur double bond are used to remove homogeneous catalyst group VIII metals from chemical process streams.

Abstract: There is disclosed novel derivatives of C-076 compounds wherein the 22-position, normally substituted, is substituted with a hydroxy group. The compounds are isolated from the C-076 fermentation broth of Streptomyces avermitilis. The compounds have potent anthelmintic, insecticidal, and acaricidal activity and compositions for that use are also disclosed.

Abstract: An antibiotic complex, consisting of two major components, has been isolated from fermentations of a new subspecies of Streptomyces albus culture. The two major components from the complex are two new macrolide antibiotics, which are active as antibacterial agents against certain gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Abstract: Milbemycin and avermectin macrolides are synthesized by the cyclized linking of separately synthesized northern and southern hemisphere intermediates. The northern hemisphere intermediate is a spiroketal alkenyl aldehyde, and the southern hemisphere intermediate is an aryl alkenyl phosphine oxide anion.

Abstract: Ester derivatives of 5-O-mycaminosyl tylonolide (OMT) of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl, or phenylpropionyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or an acyl group selected from: ##STR2## p is 0 or 1; m and n are integers from 0 to 4; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, tetralinyl, decalinyl, adamantyl, cinnoxacinyl, a monocyclic heterocyclic ring system comprising 3 to 8 atoms in the ring or a bicyclic heterocylic ring system comprising 6 to 11 atoms, provided that at least 1 atom of the ring system is carbon and at least 1 atom of the ring system is a heteroatom selected from O, N, and S; and wherein R.sup.3 and the connecting alkyl groups--(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- and --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Non-ionic, lipophilic substances are isolated from aqueous or aqueous-organic solution by treatment with a macroreticular polymeric absorbent followed by elution with additional or a different organic solvent.

Abstract: 23-Ester derivatives of demycinosyltylosin (DMT) of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl, or phenylpropionyl; and R.sup.1 is an acyl group selected from: ##STR2## p is 0 or 1; m and n are integers from 0 to 4; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, tetralinyl, decalinyl, adamantyl, cinnoxacinyl, a monocyclic heterocyclic ring system comprising 3 to 8 atoms or a bicyclic heterocyclic ring system comprising 6 to 11 atoms, provided that at least 1 atom of the ring system is carbon and at least 1 atom of the ring system is a heteroatom selected from O, N, and S; and wherein R.sup.2 and the connecting alkyl groups --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- and --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: New antibacterial tetronolide compounds F-1 and F-2 are produced by fermentation of a microorganism belonging to the genus Micromonospora. The antibiotics F-1 and F-2 are accumulated in the culture liquor and are isolated therefrom respectively and the acyl derivatives of F-1 and F-2, that is, F-1-21-O-acetate, F-1-21-O-propionate, F-1-21-O-n-butylate, F-1 diacetate, F-1 dipropionate, F-2 triacetate, F-2 tripropionate and F-2 tri-n-butylate, etc., are synthesized from F-1 and F-2 by known means.

Abstract: There are disclosed certain new compounds related to C-076 compounds which have been produced by a mutant of the culture that produced the original C-076 compounds and isolated from the fermentation broth thereof. The compounds retain the C-076 16-membered cyclic backbone, however, the groups attached thereto are considerably modified from the original C-076 compounds. The new compounds have been found to retain the biological activity of the parent C-076 compounds. The compounds are thus potent antiparasitic agents and compositions and methods for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: Actinomadura Kijaniata nov. sp produces a novel antibiotic which we have designated kijanimicin. The antibiotic or cationic salts thereof exhibit anti-acne, antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: Desmycinosyl derivatives of 12,13-desepoxy-12,13-dehydro antibiotic AR-5 component 1 and 12,13-desepoxy-12,13-dehydro antibiotic AR-5 component 2 are useful antibacterial agents and may be converted to other such agents by processes analogous to those generally known in the art.

Abstract: Novel macrolide antibacterial derivatives of the components of the Antibiotic AR-5-complex are disclosed herein. The invention specifically relates to compounds wherein the macrolide ring and/or the two attached sugars are derivatized. Also disclosed are methods for the preparation of the derivatives and methods for the use thereof.

Abstract: Tylactone (20-dihydro-20,23-dideoxytylonolide), which has the formula: ##STR1## and specified acyl ester derivatives thereof are useful intermediates in the preparation of macrolide antibiotics.

Abstract: Antibiotic compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is ##STR2## or --CH.sub.2 OH, and the non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, are produced by culturing Streptomyces flocculus NRRL 11459. Techniques for isolating the compounds are also described. Cirramycin A.sub.1 and cirramycin B are coproduced.

Abstract: Methods of controlling Pasteurella infections are provided which comprise administering to an infected or susceptible warm-blooded aninal an effective amount of a composition comprising (1) a suitable pharmaceutical vehicle and (2) a compound selected from the group consisting of desmycosin, lactenocin, cirramycin A.sub.1, 23-deoxy-5-0-mycaminosyltylonolide, antibiotic M-4365 G.sub.2, 9-dihydrodesmycosin, 9-dihydrolactenocin, 20-dihydrodesmycosin, 20-dihydrolactenocin, rosaramicin, and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of these compounds.

Abstract: The AR-5-3 Complex consisting of four macrolide antibiotics is elaborated by a mutant strain of Micromonospora polytrota. The antibiotics exhibit substantial activity against gram positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: Deformyltylosin derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is ##STR2## --CH.dbd.CH-- or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkanoyl or aryl-lower alkanoyl, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are hydrogen or are connected to form a valence bond, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are hydrogen or are connected to form a valence bond, Q.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, Q.sub.2 is hydrogen or ##STR3## R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkanoyl, R is hydrogen or ##STR4## R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.2-5 alkanoyl, and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.2-6 alkanoyl, and when R.sub.3 is not hydrogen, then R.sub.4 is not hydrogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, have strong antibacterial activities as compared to the known antibiotic tylosin, and also have enhanced antibacterial activities against all macrolide antibiotic-resistant strains such as A, B and C group strains, and have higher blood levels as compared with tylosin.

Abstract: Treatment of dissolving pulp derived from wood with small quantities of C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 carboxylic acids and subsequent storage of the treated pulp, under conditions where little acid evaporation can occur, for periods of about two hours or more results in a product which has more uniform reactivity toward standard activation techniques in subsequent esterification reactions which produce known cellulose esters. At certain concentrations conventional activation techniques may be dispensed with.

Abstract: There are disclosed certain new derivatives of C-076 compounds which have been isolated from the livers of animals that had been administered ivermectin and the in vitro incubation of such compounds with animal liver preparations. The compounds retain the basic ivermectin structure, however, 24-methyl group has been oxidized to a hydroxy methyl group and, in some of the new compounds the disaccharide substituent of the starting materials has been cleaved to a monosaccharide moiety. The new compounds have been found to retain the biological activity of the parent C-076 compounds. The compounds are thus potent antiparasitic agents and compositions and methods for such uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: The C-076 compounds are a series of four pairs of macrolides in which the members of each pair are homologous. The instant processes convert the C-076 A2 and B2 compounds isolated from a fermentation broth into the biologically preferred B1 and A1 compounds or into the dihydro derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Cellulose acetate is prepared acetylating cellulose at a high temperature of 50.degree.-85.degree. C. and then ripening the acetylated cellulose at a high temperature of 110.degree.-120.degree. C.

Abstract: Cellulose diacetate having improved resistance to delustering in hot water is produced by acetylation cellulose in the presence of a catalyst and then hydrolyzing (or ripening) the product to form secondary cellulose acetate; wherein the catalyst in the acetylated mixture is completely neutralized before about the middle of the hydrolysis reaction at the latest and thereafter hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of about 110.degree. to 120.degree. C. while maintaining the concentration of acetic acid in the reaction mixture at about 67 to 78% by weight based on the total weight of the acetic acid and water, the relation between the hydrolysis temperature and the concentration of acetic acid being defined by the area between and including points A, B, C and D in FIG. 2.

Abstract: Cellulose acetate is produced from methanol, carbon monoxide and cellulose in an integrated series of steps wherein acetic anhydride produced in a first step by the carbonylation of methyl acetate is used to acetylate cellulose to produce cellulose acetate and to co-produce acetic acid, the co-produced acetic acid is dehydrated and the dehydrated acetic acid reacted with methanol to produce methyl acetate which is then fed to the first step and carbonylated to produce additional quantities of acetic anhydride.

Abstract: Cellulose acetate is produced from methanol, carbon monoxide and cellulose in an integrated series of steps wherein acetic anhydride produced in a first step by the carbonylation of methyl acetate is used to acetylate cellulose to produce cellulose acetate and to co-produce acetic acid is converted to ketene, the ketene is reacted with methanol to produce methyl acetate which is then fed to the first step and carbonylated to produce additional quantities of acetic anhydride.