Abstract: The composition of the present invention related to a quaternary ammonium salt detergent and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce diesel injector deposits and remove or clean up existing deposits on the diesel injectors.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an ionic liquid and a preparation method thereof, in particular, the present disclosure provides an ionic liquid whose halogen anions content and moisture content are low, and a method for preparing the same. The total content of halogen anions in the ionic liquid is less than 10 ppm, and moisture content in the ionic liquid is less than 50 ppm. The ionic liquid prepared by the method of the present disclosure is suitable for electrochemical systems which have high requirements for moisture content, such as lithium ion secondary batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt detergent made from the reaction product of the reaction of: (a) polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary nitrogen and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce intake valve deposits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for providing a compound of formula (I): wherein R is hydrogen or R?, wherein R? is —(C1-C4)alkyl, and Hal is a halogen, the process comprising the step of: reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein Hal is defined as above, with an alkali metal alkoxide of the formula XOR?, wherein X is an alkali metal, and R? is defined as above.

Abstract: A process for preparing a herbicidally active carboxylic acid salt is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: i) combining a carboxylic acid with a high-boiling, water-immiscible organic solvent to obtain a solution or slurry; ii) treating the solution or slurry produced in step (i) with a base to form a carboxylic acid salt; iii) removing solvent from the mixture produced in step (ii) to obtain a carboxylic acid salt cake; and v) drying the cake obtained in step (iii). The process is particularly suitable for preparing a salt of dicamba.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds as bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors with antibacterial activity. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions as antibacterial agents for treating infectious diseases.

Abstract: Methods of preparing sulfate salts of heteroatomic compounds using dialkyl sulfates as a primary reactant are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making ionic liquids from the sulfate salts of the heteroatomic compound, and electrochemical cells comprising the ionic liquids.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and combination therapies for inhibition of hepatitis C.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds having the structure which may be used for the treatment of tumors.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of the formula (1): or a salt, solvate, N-oxide or tautomer thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of the formula (1): or a salt, solvate, N-oxide or tautomer thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing phenyl-pyrazoles of Formula (I) and salts and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, useful as modulators of 5-HT2A serotonin receptor activity. The present invention also relates to intermediates used in the processes, and their preparation. The present invention also relates to crystalline forms of 5-HT2A serotonin receptor modulators, compositions thereof and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to new piperidine derivatives of the formula I to their use as medicaments, to methods for their therapeutic use and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Novel non-steroidal compounds are provided which are useful in treating diseases associated with modulation of the glucocorticoid receptor, AP-1, and/or NF-?B activity, including metabolic and inflammatory or immune associated diseases or disorders having the structure of formula I or an enantiomer, diastereomer, tautomer, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, thereof, wherein: A is a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocyclo or heteroaryl, each containing 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S and substituted with one to four groups, R1, R2, R3, and/or R4; provided that (i) A is not tetrazole or (ii) if A is thienyl or furanyl then Z M is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclo, and heteroaryl; Z is selected from alkyl, CF3, OH, cycloalkyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(?O)NR8R9, —C(?O)R8, —C(NCN)NR8R9, —C(?O)OR8, —SO2R8, and —SO2NR8R9.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 4-phenylbutyric acid and/or salts thereof, of the formula (I) for enhancing stress tolerance in plants to abiotic stress, preferably drought stress, and to the associated enhancement in plant growth and/or increase in plant yield.

Abstract: This invention pertains generally to processes, uses, methods and materials utilising particular xanthylium compounds, including compounds of formula (I) and (II), as further defined herein. These compounds are useful as drugs, for example, in the treatment of tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds having the structure which may be used for the treatment of tumors.

Abstract: The present invention provides benzoxazole compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions including the same. The present invention further provides methods of use as described herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides thiazole sulfonamide and oxazole sulfonamide compounds, compositions containing the same, as well as processes for the preparation and methods for their use as pharmaceutical agents.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active trans-2,6-dimethylmorpholine by (i) reacting racemic trans-2,6-dimethylmorpholine with D-mandelic acid, (ii) removing the salt formed from D-mandelic acid and one enantiomer of trans-2,6-dimethylmorpholine from the other enantiomer of trans-2,6-dimethylmorpholine and (iii) isolating the desired optically active trans-2,6-dimethylmorpholine.

Abstract: The instant invention provides for compounds that inhibit the four known mammalian JAK kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2) and PDK1. The invention also provides for compositions comprising such inhibitory compounds and methods of inhibiting the activity of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 TYK2 and PDK1 by administering the compound to a patient in need of treatment for myeloproliferative disorders or cancer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, and prodrugs thereof which are inhibitors of Factor Xa. The present invention is also directed to intermediates used in making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such a compound, methods to prevent or treat a number of conditions characterized by undesired thrombosis and methods of inhibiting the coagulation of a blood sample.

Abstract: Compounds which inhibit the activity of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein, compositions containing the compounds and methods of treating diseases during which are expressed the Mcl-1 protein are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel Anilinopiperazine Derivatives of formula (I), compositions comprising the Anilinopiperazine Derivatives, and methods for using the Anilinopiperazine Derivatives for treating or preventing a proliferative disorder, an anti-proliferative disorder, inflammation, arthritis, a central nervous system disorder, a cardiovascular disease, alopecia, a neuronal disease, an ischemic injury, a viral disease, a fungal infection, or a disorder related to the activity of a protein kinase.

Abstract: The present application describes modulators of MCP-1 of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, useful for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis and asthma.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to pyrrolidine and thiazolidine DPP-IV inhibitor compounds. The present invention also provides synthetic methods for preparation of such compounds, methods of inhibiting DPP-IV using such compounds and pharmaceutical formulations containing them for treatment of DPP-IV mediated diseases, in particular, Type-2 diabetes.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds and compositions of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, and their uses for treating viral infections mediated at least in part by a virus in the Flaviviridae family of viruses.

Abstract: Neuroprotective compounds for treating optic neuropathies and screening methods for identifying neuroprotective compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): wherein A? represents the benzenesulphonate (besylate) anion;. R represents H or C1-6 alkyl; and n is a number from 0.8 to 2.2 are CCR3 antagonists and are therefore indicated to be useful in therapy are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with a suitable carrier, diluent, or excipient; and methods for treating physiological disorders, particularly congestive heart disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammation, comprising administering to a patient in thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).

Abstract: Process for the industrial synthesis of the compound of formula (I): Application to the synthesis of bivalent salts of ranelic acid and more especially strontium ranelate and its hydrates.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of formula (I): which are useful in the treatment of metabolic disorders related to insulin resistance, leptin resistance, or hyperglycemia. Compounds of the invention include inhibitors of Protein tyrosine phosphatases, in particular Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B), that are useful in the treatment of diabetes and other PTP mediated diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and the like. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the invention and methods of treating the aforementioned conditions using such compounds.

Abstract: The present application describes modulators of MCP-1 of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, useful for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis and asthma.

Abstract: A method of nitrating a compound selected from the group consisting of is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates compounds of the formula (I); wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R10 represent a variety of substituents; A represents NR9 or O; B represents a bond, CH2, NR9 or O, wherein one or both hydrogen atoms in said CH2 moiety may be replaced with one or both of R7 and R8, or alternatively, one of the hydrogen atoms in said CH2 moiety together with a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon are replaced by a double bond; with the proviso that when A is O, then B is NR9; n is zero, 1 or 2; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Certain amidophenyl-sulfanylamino-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole compounds are CCK2 modulators useful in the treatment of CCK2 mediated diseases.

Abstract: A novel fluorescent group-containing carbodiimide compound having at least one group selected from a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphono group and a phospho group which have substitution of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a basic group containing a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, which is prepared by using a novel fluorescent group-containing carbodiimide compound precursor having a halogen atom or a sulfonic acid group; and a method for detecting a nucleic acid by hybridization utilizing a nucleic acid labeled with a labeling substance, which utilizes the fluorescent group-containing carbodiimide compound as the labeling substance.

Abstract: The present application describes modulators of MCP-1 of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, useful for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis and asthma.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of general formula I or II: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 have any of the values defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula I or II, intermediates and processes useful for preparing compounds of formula I or II, and methods comprising inhibiting tumor growth or treating cancer by administering one or more compounds of formula I or II.

Abstract: Hydroxyamidines and related compounds are provided which are suitable as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The invention provides triamine derivative melanocortin receptor ligands of the formula: wherein R1 to R8 and n have the meanings provided herein. The invention further provides methods of using the ligands to alter or regulate the activity of a melanocortin receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain salts of discodermolide acid, pharmaceutical compositions containing said salts, the use of said salts in treating tumors and to a process for making said salts.

Abstract: The present application describes modulators of MCP-1 of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, useful for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis and asthma.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula having an inhibitory effect on signal transduction mediated by tyrosine kinases and their use in the treatment of diseases, especially tumoral diseases and diseases of the lungs and airways, and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) wherein: Ra is a benzyl or 1-phenylethyl group or a phenyl group substituted by the groups R1 and R2, wherein: R1 is a hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, or bromine atom, or a methyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or ethynyl group, and R2 is a hydrogen or fluorine atom; Rb is an R3O—CO—CH2—N—CH2—CH2—OH group optionally substituted at the methylene groups by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl groups, wherein R3 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-4-alkyl group, a 2-oxomorpholin-4-yl group optionally substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl groups, or a N-[(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]methylamino group; Rc is a hydrogen atom, or a methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclobutylmethoxy, cyclopentylmethoxy, cyclohexylmethoxy, tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy, tetrahydropyran-3-yloxy, tetrahydropyran-4-yloxy, tetrahydrofuranylmethoxy, or tetrahydropyranylmethoxy group; and n is 1, 2, or 3

Abstract: This invention relates to the use as catalyst for the cyclotrimerization reaction of isocyanates of a hydrogencarbonate of a cation which either as it is or in the form complexed with a complexing agent has an average molecular or ionic radius of more than 1 Å, preferably greater than 1.5 Å, and which is at least partially soluble in the reaction medium. The invention also relates to a method of preparing (poly)isocyanurate polyisocyanates by catalytic cyclotrimerization of isocyanates, in which a catalytic system is used which comprises a cyclotrimerization catalyst based on a quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst and imidazole as cocatalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula wherein R is as defined herewithin. The compounds of formula I have a good affinity to the A2A receptor and therefore they may be used in the control or prevention of illnesses based on the modulation of the adenosine system, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuroprotection, schizophrenia, anxiety, pain, respiration deficits, depression, drug addiction, such as amphetamine, cocaine, opioids, ethanol, nicotine, cannabinoids, or against asthma, allergic responses, hypoxia, ischaemia, seizure and substance abuse. Furthermore, compounds of the present invention may be useful as sedatives, muscle relaxants, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, aniticonvulsants and cardiaprotective agents for disorders such as coronary artery disease and heart failure.

Abstract: The instant invention provides novel substituted naphthyl compounds, intermediates, compositions, pharmaceutical formulations, and methods of use.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X and Y have the meanings defined in the specification. The compounds have histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity which is useful in cancer treatment. Also provided is a process for making a compound of formula I by reacting a compound of formula III with a compound of formula IV wherein A is a displaceable group and PG is a protecting group.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns methods and compounds that have utility in the treatment of a condition associated with matrix metalloproteinase, ADAM or ADAM-TS enzymes, a condition that is mediated by TNF &agr; or a condition involving a membrane-shedding event that is mediated by a metalloproteinase.