Abstract: An information recording medium is disclosed, comprising a substrate having provided thereon a recording layer capable of recording information by a laser ray, wherein the recording layer contains a dye compound represented by formula (I-1): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, L1, L2 and L3 each independently represents a methine group which may have a substituent, m represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, Xk+ represents a cation and k represents an integer of from 1 to 10, provided that when m is 2 or 3, the plurality of L2 and L3 groups may be the same or different. Also disclosed is an information recording method using the above-described information recording medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein: A represents pyridine, pyridinium or piperidine R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the description R5 represents hydrogen, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle or a group of formula (II): R6 represents hydrogen or linear or branched (C1-C6)alkyl. and medicinal products containing the same which are useful in treating pain or deficiencies in memory.

Abstract: The invention discloses novel compounds of the pyridinium series useful for the management of diabetes and aging-related vascular complications, including kidney disease, nerve damage, atherosclerosis, retinopathy, dermatological disorders and discoloration of teeth, by breaking preformed AGE, of the general formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein, R1, R2, R3, X and m are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the pyridinium series useful for the management of diabetes and aging-related vascular and neurovascular complications, including kidney disease, nerve damage, atherosclerosis, retinopathy, inflammatory disorders, immunological disorders, oxidative stress, dermatological disorders and discoloration of teeth, by breaking preformed AGE, of the general formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein, R1, R2, R3, X and m are as defined in the specification. Also disclosed is a method for preparation of the compounds of general formula (I) and pharmaceutical composition containing one or more compounds as defined above as active ingredients. Also disclosed is a method of treatment of a diabetic patient by administering the compounds as defined above, either singly or in combination with drugs for antidiabetic therapy.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to carrying out organic chemistry on solid supports comprising derivatised functionalities, methods for synthesizing said supports, methods for synthesizing compounds comprising amine groups or N-containing heterocycles using said solid supports, intermediate compounds linked to said supports and uses thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for preparing an activated carboxylic acid in the form of a pentafluorophenyl ester, an improved method for making a carboxamide from a pentaflourophenyl ester, and a carboxamide and carboxamide library prepared using both of these methods.

Abstract: A process for preparing an ionic liquid or salt, preferably in which the cation comprises an N-alkylated base and the anion is a carboxylate, formed by reaction between an organic base and an alkylating agent, wherein the alkylating agent is a fluorinated ester or an alkyl sulfonate, is described. Suitable organic bases include imizadoles, substituted imidazoles, pyridines and substituted pyridines. The so-formed products can be subsequently transformed into different ionic liquids or salts by metathesis.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing polynucleotides is disclosed. The method involves contacting a first nucleotide with a selected reactive group in the presence of an ionic liquid. The selected reactive group may be on a second nucleotide, a polynucleotide, or on a moiety on an insoluble substrate, for example in an oligonucleotide synthesizer.

Abstract: An accelerated process for preparing an O-methyl phenol comprising reacting a phenol with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst selected from 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; and dimethylaminopyridine. According to another aspect, the invention provides an accelerated process for preparing an N-methyl heteroaromatic compound comprising reacting an NH-containing heteroaromatic compound with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst selected from 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; and dimethylaminopyridine. According to an additional aspect, the invention provides an accelerated process for preparing a methylated aminophenol comprising reacting an aminophenol having at least one N—H with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst selected from 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; and dimethylaminopyridine.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of synthesizing and screening inhibitors of bacterial NAD synthetase enzyme, compounds thereof, and methods of treating bacterial and microbial infections with inhibitors of bacterial NAD synthetase enzyme.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound, preferably a molten iodine salt, an electrolyte comprising the same, and a photo-electrochemical cell are disclosed. The electrolyte is little volatile and excellent in charge transporting performance and provides a photo-electrochemical cell which exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent durability.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions incorporate aryl substituted olefinic amine compounds. Representative compounds are (2S)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-[3-(5-isopropoxy-1-oxopyridin)yl)]-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-(1-oxopyridin)yl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-(5-((carboxymethyl)oxy)pyridin)yl)-4-penten-2-amine and (4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-(1-oxopyridin)yl)-4-penten-2-amine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to agents for anti-HIV infection, which contain, as an active ingredient, at least one photosensitizing dye selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the formulae (I) and (II): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and each represents alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R4, R5 and R6 are the same or different and each represents alkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and X− represents a physiologically acceptable monovalent anion. The present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing HIV infection diseases, which includes administering the photosensitizing dye. A daily dose of the photosensitizing dye is usually 2 to 100 &mgr;g, and preferably 5 to 40 &mgr;g, per kg body weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparation of a quaternary ammonium salt comprising reacting an alkyl halide with 2 equimolar amount or more per the alkyl halide of a pyridine compound or an N-lower alkyl imidazole at 120° C. to 350° C., and a method for the continuous production of a quatemary ammonium salt comprises introducing continuously an alkyl halide and 2 equimolar amount or more per the alkyl halide of a pyridine compound or an N-lower alkyl imidazole into a pipe reactor from the one end thereof under heating at 120 to 350° C. to pass through the pipe reactor wherein a reaction is allowed to take place, and taking out continuously the resulting quaternary ammonium salt from the other end of the reactor.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R represents a substituent containing a —(CR1R2—CR3R4—O)n— bond (in which R1 to R4 are independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, n being an integer of 2 to 20); Q represents an atomic group forming an aromatic cation having a 5- or 6-membered ring structure with a nitrogen atom, which may have a substituent; and X− represents an anion. A photoelectric conversion device comprising the electrolyte composition and a photo-electrochemical cell composed thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for solid phase and combinatorial synthesis using a resin activation/capture approach are provided. In particular, methods for the production of dihydropyridones, N-acyidihydropyridones, tetrahydropyridones, pyridines, aminopyridines, N-acyltetrahydropyridines and tetrahydropyridines compounds and libraries containing such compounds are provided. Methods for screening the libraries and compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds prepared by the methods are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optically active ionic liquid containing (a) a cationic species having a heterocyclic ring; and (b) an anionic species. This cationic species contains at least one asymmetric carbon atom. This ionic liquid can be produced by a process including the step of reacting a heterocyclic compound, which contains an asymmetric carbon atom, with an alkylation agent. The ionic liquid can be useful as a solvent for asymmetric syntheses.

Abstract: A process for counting sperms comprises the steps of: (1) mixing a specimen containing sperms with an aqueous solution containing a cationic surfactant in an amount effective in removing contaminants contained in the specimen to give a surfactant-treated specimen, (2) staining the sperms contained in the surfactant-treated specimen with a staining liquid containing a dye for staining nucleic acid to give a measuring specimen, (3) introducing the measuring specimen into a flow cell in a flow cytometer and irradiating the stained sperms in the measuring specimen with excitation light, (4) detecting a scattered light signal and a fluorescent light signal emitted from the sperms irradiated with the excitation light, (5) preparing a two-dimensional distribution involving two axes of a scattered light intensity and a fluorescent light intensity based on the scattered light signal and the fluorescent light signal, and (6) specifying a region of a sperm mass on the two-dimensional distribution and counting the number

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparation of a quaternary ammonium salt comprising reacting an alkyl halide with 2 equimolar amount or more per the alkyl halide of a pyridine compound or an N-lower alkyl imidazole at 120° C. to 350°C., and a method for the continuous production of a quatemary ammonium salt comprises introducing continuously an alkyl halide and 2 equimolar amount or more per the alkyl halide of a pyridine compound or an N-lower alkyl imidazole into a pipe reactor from the one end thereof under heating at 120 to 350° C. to pass through the pipe reactor wherein a reaction is allowed to take place, and taking out continuously the resulting quaternary ammonium salt from the other end of the reactor.

Abstract: This invention relates to stable, quaternized vinlypyridine carboxylate home-, co- and ter-polymers, useful as dye transfer inhibitors and polymers complexable with active agrochemical, pharmaceutical or cosmetic agents for controlled release thereof, and to a commercial process for the synthesis of said polymers in high yield and purity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel industrially or economically preferable process for production of a hydrogen halogenide salt of a Donepezil derivative having an excellent pharmacological action as medicament, namely, reaction of 1-indanone derivative with carbonate ester to obtain 2-alkoxycarbonyl-1-indanone derivative, followed by reaction with halogenated (4-pyridyl)methyl or a salt thereof and decarboxylation successively to obtain 2-(4-pyridyl)methyl-1-indanone derivative, then reaction with halogenated benzyl to obtain quaternary ammonium salt, then reduction, and synthetic intermediates thereof. (Wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkoxy; n represents an integer of 1 to 4; R2 represents lower alkyl group; and X represents a halogen atom.

Abstract: Infrared radiation-sensitive compounds have been found that are represented by Structure DYE as follows: wherein R is a secondary or tertiary amine that contains no heterocyclic group, R1 and R2 are independently carbocyclic aromatic groups, and M+ is a monovalent cation. These compounds have a &lgr;max above 700 nm and are can be used in a number of photosensitive or heat-sensitive imaging materials.

Abstract: A method for producing an optically active amino alcohol compound of the formula [3], an enantiomer thereof or a salt thereof, comprising reacting a mesoepoxide compound of the formula [1] with a compound of the formula [2] in the presence of a mixed catalyst comprising a Lewis acid and a proton donor: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each H, an optionally substituted lower alky, and the like, or R1 and R1 or R2 and R3 may form an optionally substituted ring; and R4 and R5 are each H, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, and the like, or R4 and R5 may form an optionally substituted ring together with the adjacent N, or an imide group or azide group together with the adjacent N, and R6 is H or a silyl group. The present invention enables stereoselective production of a desired intermediate compound, which is an HIV protease inhibitor, extremely efficiently as compared to conventional methods.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for selecting compounds for use in treating sickle cell disease in a patient. The method comprises the steps of selecting a first set of HbS ligands from a first group of chemical compounds, selecting from the first set of HbS ligands a seconds set that exhibit inhibition of HbS polymerization, and selecting from the second set a third set that display anti-sickling activity of red blood cells when in the presence thereof. The method may include the step of performing a methemoglobin S proteolysis assay measuring a percent protease protection for each compound. The method may additionally include the steps of measuring HbS aggregation, inhibition of protease, deoxy-HbS gelation inhibition activity, O2 affinity of HbS, and cytotoxic effect to cell activity. The method may further include assessing red blood cell morphology, and eliminating compounds that contain moieties that bind to heme.

Abstract: This invention relates to stable, quaternized vinylpyridine carboxylate co-polymers, useful as dye transfer inhibitors and polymers complexable with active agrochemicals or pharmaceuticals for controlled release thereof, and to a commercial process for the synthesis thereof in high yield and purity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for preparing quaternary ammonium salts, particularly pyridinium and quinolinium salts. By preparing these salts in a solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycols, propylene glycol ethers and mixtures thereof, the production of undesirable by-products and contamination of the product with undesirable solvents are minimized, if not eliminated. Using the preparation methods of the present invention low hazard corrosion inhibitors and aqueous cleaning solutions using these inhibitors may be prepared. In fact, by preparing dodecyl pyridinium bromide in dipropylene glycol methyl ether as the solvent, a particularly desirable corrosion inhibitor characterized by a low toxicity and a high flash point has been prepared. The present invention thus provides the safer corrosion inhibitors and cleaning solutions long sought by industrial cleaning services.

Abstract: Nonaqueous ionic ligand liquids of the formula (Q.sup..sym.)a A.sup.a-, where Q.sup..sym. is a singly charged quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium cation or the equivalent of a multiply charged ammonium and/or phosphonium cation and A.sup.a- is a sulfonated triarylphosphine, a process for preparing them and their use as catalyst constituents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium hexafluorophosphate solvate usable for the preparation of high purity lithium hexafluorophosphate.This solvate of lithium hexafluorophosphate and pyridine complies with the formula:Li(C.sub.5 H.sub.5 N)PF.sub.6and is prepared by a process comprising the following stages:a) preparation of pyridinium hexafluorophosphate of formula C.sub.5 H.sub.5 NHPF.sub.6 by the neutralization of hexafluorophosphoric acid HPF.sub.6 with pyridine andb) conversion of the pyridinium hexafluorophosphate into solvate LiPF.sub.6, C.sub.5 H.sub.5 N by exchange with a lithium compound chosen from among lithium hydroxide, lithium alkoxides and alkyl-lithiums.The LiPF.sub.6 can be regenerated from the solvate by vacuum decomposition.

Abstract: Sulfonyl compounds have the formula ##STR1## where n is 0, 1 or 2,Y is vinyl or a radical of the formula C.sub.2 H.sub.4 Q, where Q is hydroxyl or an alkali-detachable group,E is C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkylene with or without interruption by 1 or 2 oxygen atoms in ether function,Ar is the radical of benzene or naphthalene, andR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, amino, hydroxysulfonyl, carboxyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, cyano or a radical of the formula (NH--).sub.m (CH.sub.2 --).sub.q SO.sub.2 --Y, where m is 0 or 1, q is 0, 2 or 3, and Y is as defined above.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluorinated surfactant for use with halocarbon and hydrofluoroether solvents. Additionally, the invention provides drying, dry cleaning, and soil repellency compositions containing a halocarbon or hydrofluoroether and a fluorinated surfactant.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds with the general formula I for use as a tool to introduce macromolecules into cells. The invention further relates to compositions for introducing macromolecules into cells, comprising vesicles formed by at least one compound in a solvent. The macromolecule can be incorporated in the vesicles and/or bound to the vesicles or another aggregate of the new compounds. In a preferred embodiment at least one targeting molecule, for instance a (labelled) antibody, may further be attached to the vesicles.

Abstract: The present invention involves the synthetic conversion of pyridinoline (PYD) to deoxypyridinoline (DPD) via an intermediate ester which is subsequently cleaved. The transformation of PYD into a xanthate-type ester intermediate facilitates the subsequent removal of the substituted hydroxyl functionality thus providing the desired DPD. The method provides a new chemical pathway for the preparation of DPD, resulting in significantly increased yields as compared to traditional methods of product isolation.

Abstract: Reagents for cleaving or crosslinking of biomolecules using nondiffusible reactive intermediates and a method of using the reagents. In one embodiment, the DNA binding element includes a phenyl group on each end, and each terminal phenyl group contains at least one reactive group X: ##STR1## The reactive groups X may function to either cleave or crosslink the DNA to which the reagent is bound. Reactive groups that cleave the DNA include radical species formed by the decomposition of diazonium ions or the hydrolysis of azocarboxylates and cationic species formed, for example, by the photolysis of diazonium ions. Crosslinking moieties include nitrenes generated from the photolysis of azides.

Abstract: 1-pyridiniumpropane-3-sulphonate is obtained by reacting 1-allylpyridinium chloride (3) and alkaline bisulfite, in an aqueous solution, in the presence of radical initiators, such as oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, peroxides, alkylhydroperoxides and alkaline or ammonium persulfates.

Abstract: Bioactive ABC taxoids accessible by convergent synthesis have an intact AB ring framework of taxol, including the C.sup.13 side chain, and an aromatic C ring which substitutes for the CD ring system found on native taxol. The aromatic C ring may be substituted or unsubstituted. MPT derivatives of ABC taxoids are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a tertiary amine-N-oxide which comprises reacting a tertiary amine with a peroxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising an oxide containing silicon and titanium atoms. According to the process of the present invention, a tertiary amine-N-oxide can be obtained in a high yield, and since the catalyst can easily be separated from the reaction mixture, the tertiary amine-N-oxide can be obtained in a high purity without the contamination by the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel aminopyridinium compounds of the formula I wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are selected from the following combinations: ##STR1## (a) one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 is a basic group selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino of up to eight carbon atoms, pyrrolidino, piperidino and morpholino, or is alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, phenyl, phenylalkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl; and the other of R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkyl or one of the above defined basic groups;R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl;(b) R.sup.2 is a basic group as defined above, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together form alkylene or, together with the appendant carbon atoms of the pyridine ring, complete a benzene ring; has any of the meanings defined in(a) above; and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl; and(c) R2 has any of the meanings defined above and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-allyl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which ##STR2## denotes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 independently denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or methyl,n is equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, andX denotes a water-solubilizing anion,wherein a compound of formula II ##STR3## is caused to react, in aqueous medium, with a compound of formula III ##STR4## in which A denotes a radical which can be eliminated as an anion. The compounds produced by the process of the invention are very well suited for use as brighteners in nickel electroplating.

Abstract: A N-alkylcarbamylalkanol sulfate or a salt thereof represented by the following general formula (1-1), a process for producing the same, and a detergent composition containing the same, which is useful as a detergent for hair, body or tableware and has not only excellent foaming power and detergency but also high safety: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom: R.sup.3 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 O represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms; Ma represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium group, etc.; and n represents a number between 0 and 20.

Abstract: Dyes suitable for use in the fabrication of color filters are described which contain one or more photopolymerizable substituents preferably represented by the following formula:D-(A-Yn.sup.1)n.sup.2 (1)where D represents a chromphoric nucleus, A denotes a connecting group, Y means the photopolymerizable group, n.sup.1 is 1-10,000, and n.sup.2 stands for an integer of 1-10. Also described are photosensitive resist resin compositions containing the dyes as well as color filters fabricated by curing the photosensitive resist resin compositions.

Abstract: Traumatic acid salts, wherein B is a cation selected from:a) a quaternary ammonium,b) a cation of a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 mono-, di- or trialkanolamine,c) a cation of a biologically active primary, secondary or tertiary amine,d) silver or zinc cation,and relative pharmaceutical compositions administrable by topical or parenteral route For the therapeutic treatment of cutaneous pathologies in which it is important to associate an a bacteriostatic, antibiotic, antifungal or an antiviral activity, to the cicatrizant effect, typical of traumatic acid.

Abstract: A synergistic mixture of a carbonate and/or bicarbonate with a phosphonate, especially an organoamino methylene phosphonate or an N-oxide thereof, inhibits or reduces nitrosamine contamination during preparation, storage and/or heating of products which are susceptible to contamination with nitrosamine.

Abstract: A glycerin derivative having the following formula (I) or (I') and a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof are useful to treat diseases caused by the platelet activating factor.

Abstract: A glycerin derivative having the following formula (I) or (I') and a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof are useful to treat diseases caused by the platelet activating factor.

Abstract: Ionic monomeric diallylammonium compounds having a targeted combination of diallylammonium cations with selected anions have particularly high and constant charge control properties and very good heat stabilities and dispersibilities.The compounds according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for use as colorless charge control agents in toners and developers for electrophotographic recording processes and for use as charge-improving agents in powders and paints for surface coating, in particular in triboelectrically or electrokinetically sprayed powder paints.

Abstract: A synergistic mixture of a carbonate and/or bicarbonate with a phosphonate, especially an organoamino methylene phosphonate or an N-oxide thereof, inhibits or reduces nitrosamine contamination during preparation, storage and/or heating of products which are susceptible to contamination with nitrosamine.

Abstract: The invention relates to new tetrahydropyridine derivatives, processes for preparing them and their use as pharmaceutical compositions with cholinomimetic properties.

Abstract: Novel fabric conditioners based on pyridine carboxylic acid esters or amides are described. The compounds are effective fabric conditioners and are biodegradable. Compositions including the compounds and a method of using the compositions are also described.

Abstract: 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium salts are provided which are usable in non-linear and electrooptics.

Abstract: A pyridine-compound is reacted with fluorine together with a .[.Bronsted.]. .Iadd.Bronsted .Iaddend.acid-compound or Lewis acid to form a N-fluoropyridinium salt which is very active to other compounds but is very selective for the preparation of a desired product and this product is very useful for a fluorine-introducing agent which makes it useful for the preparation of fluoro-compounds such as thyroid inhibitor.