Abstract: A substituted N-fluoropyridiniumsulfonate of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or haloalkyl group, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or haloalkyl group, which is an effective fluorinating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new left-handed or right-handed monohydrogentartrate crystalline structures having nonlinear quadratic effects and a wide transparency range extending from the visible to the near infrared, consisting of optionally substituted 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium cations in combination with a polyanionic organic matrix formed of left-handed or right-handed monohydrogentartrate anions.It also relates to a process for the preparation of these crystalline structures consisting in mixing one mole of cation base with at least two moles of left-handed and/or right-handed tartaric acid. It finally relates to a device having an electrooptical effect containing said crystalline structure.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for producing stilbazolium salts. Said novel process employs a heterocyclic amine catalyst, such as pyrrolidine, an alkylated pyridine salt and a substituted benzaldehyde which unexpectedly results in increased reaction rates and product yields.

Abstract: Provided is a convenient method for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium sulfonate compounds which are useful as curing catalysts for one-part thermosetting resin compositions which maintain storage stability at room temperature. The compounds are synthesized by subjecting in one step a benzyl alcohol optionally having on the benzene ring and/or the .alpha.-position one or more substituent groups to reaction with a corresponding tertiary amine and an organic sulfonic acid chloride.

Abstract: A process for producing tertiary amine-sulphur trioxide complexes of the general formulaR.sub.3 N:SO.sub.3where R is a either methyl, ethyl, or propyl or the group R.sub.3 N is pyridyl comprising forming a reaction mixture of chlorosulfonic acid, pyridine or other tertiary amine R.sub.3 N, where R is previously defined and a chlorinated organic solvent. Gaseous ammonia is passed into the reaction mixture in order to recover amine from amine hydrochloride which is formed as a by-product of the reaction. Since the amine is more soluble in the chlorinated solvent than ammonium chloride that is co-produced, the reaction of the amine with chlorosulfonic acid to produce R.sub.3 N:SO.sub.3 is favored.

Abstract: Deuterated organic salts useful in nonlinear optical applications are disclosed herein. More particularly, optoelectronic devices and systems are prepared from said deuterated organic salts and the preferred salt is perdeuterated 4'-dimethylamino-4-methylstilbazolium p-toluenesulfonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process and novel intermediates for the preparation of 2-amino-5-methylpyridine (I) ##STR1## The process is characterized in that in a first step 3-methyl-pyridine 1-oxide of the formula (II) ##STR2## is reacted with a trialkylamine of the general formula (III)R.sub.3 N (III)in whichR represents alkyl,and with an electrophilic compound, in the presence or absence of a diluent, to give the ammonium salt of the general formula (IV) ##STR3## in which R has the abovementioned meaning andZ.sup..crclbar. represents an anion formed from an electrophilic compound, the compound (IV)is, possibly, isolated as a crude intermediate and, possibly, further purified and then in a second step the ammonium salt of the formula (IV) is reacted with hydrogen bromide, in the presence or absence of a diluent, at temperatures between 150.degree. C. and 300.degree. C.The compound (I) is an intermediate for the preparation of agrochemicals, for example of herbicides.

Abstract: The invention is aryl, amide, imide and carbamate pyridine antagonists of platelet activating factor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of halobenzoic acids, comprising the step of reacting a halonitrobenzene with a pyridinium salt to form an intermediate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, --CN, --COOR' and --COR' where R' is alkyl or aryl; X is chloro or fluoro; Y is hydrogen, chloro or fluoro; and Z is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Abstract: Stilbazolium salts that retain high second harmonic generation properties as well as high melting points are disclosed herein. More particularly, novel 4'-dimethylamino-N-methylstilbazolium cyclopentanesulfonate and homologs thereof which are expected to be useful in optoelectric devices and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Bicarbonates and/or carbonates are used in greater than catalytic amounts to inhibit the formation of nitrosamines during the preparation, storage and/or use of amine oxides.

Abstract: The invention is aryl, amide, imide and carbamate pyridine antagonists of platelet activating factor.

Abstract: Compounds having a utility as photosensitive dyes in photocurable polymer based imaging systems having a nucleus of general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: n is 1 or 2,Y is selected from the group consisting of 0 and ##STR2## Z is selected from the group consisting of 0.sup..crclbar. and ##STR3## M.sup..sym. is a cation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel thiazolidinedione derivative of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or a salt thereof. The thiazolidinedione derivative has hypoglycemic activity and hypolipidemic activity.

Abstract: Lipophilic quaternary ammonium salicylate, characterized in that it corresponds to the formula: ##STR1## in which: (i) R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be identical or different, denote an alkyl or alkylcycloalkyl radical, optionally substituted or interrupted;(ii) R.sub.3 and/or R.sub.4 denote(s) a group:R.sub.8 --OC.sub.2 H.sub.3 R.sub.7 ].sub.n [OCH.sub.2 CHOH--CH.sub.2 ].sub.pin which: 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.4 and p denotes 0 or 1; R.sub.8 denotes H or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkylcycloalkyl or alkylaryl radical;(iii) R.sub.4 denotes an alkylphenyl radical;(iv), (v) R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can form a saturated or unsaturated aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle;(vi) R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 form polycyclic derivatives with the nitrogen atoms; R.sub.5 denotes a group corresponding to the formula: ##STR2## in which n is an integer varying between 0 and 10.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing an ambient temperature molten salt comprising at least one of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium halide, 1,2,3-trialkylimidazolium halide and N-alkylpyridinium halide, and an aluminum halide, which comprises suspending the above starting materials in an inert solvent having a low boiling point to carry out a complex forming reaction.

Abstract: Certain hexane and heptane amines including geometric and stereoisomers, agricultural compositions containing them and their use as fungicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to 3-(N-methyl-N-alkyl)-amino 2-methoxymethylene propan 1-ol derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R stands for an alkyl chain, A stands for: ##STR2## and Y represents various quaternary ammonia, to a preparation process of said compounds and to therapeutic compositions containing the same.

Abstract: A class of N-fluoropyridinium-sulfonates is provided along with a processw for making same. Starting pyridine sulfonic acids and acid salts are fluorine substituted at the pyridine nitrogen atom with dilute gaseous fluorine under liquid phase contacting conditions. The N-fluorine substituted products are excellent fluorinating agents which exhibit high specificity.

Abstract: The synthesis and application of N(1)-n-alkyl-pyrimidinium-salts are described. These surfactants have a very small critical micelle concentration (CMC) in the order of 10.sup.-5 -10.sup.-7 Mol/Liter. These N(1)-n-alkyl-pyrimidinium components have pharmacological activities and can act as antimetabolites.

Abstract: Ammonium compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which at least one of the radicals R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 denotes a fluorine-containing alkyl radical having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and not more than three of the radicals R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 independently of one another denote hydrogen atoms or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and R.sub.5 to R.sub.8 denote aryl, alkylaryl or halogenoaryl radicals or fluorine atoms, and iminium compounds of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which Q, together with the constituent ##STR3## forms a ring system having 4 to 17 carbon atoms, which can be interrupted by 1 to 4 hetero atoms and contain 2 to 9 double bonds, and which can be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms or alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6), alkoxy (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6), nitro or amino groups, R.sub.9 denotes a fluorine-containing alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.30) radical, R.sub.10 denotes a hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom or an alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6), alkoxy (C.sub.1 -C.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide elements containing aryl hydrazides as defined for the production of images with ultrahigh contrast and a new class of aryl hydrazides with a cationic group in the aryl radical as defined. The photographic silver halide elements can be developed at relatively low pH values and have low fog and low tendency to form black spots in unexposed or slightly exposed areas.

Abstract: Lipophilic quaternary ammonium salicylate, characterized in that it corresponds to the formula: ##STR1## in which: (i) R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be identical or different, denote an alkyl or alkylcycloalkyl radical, optionally substituted or interrupted;(ii) R.sub.3 and/or R.sub.4 denote(s) a group:R.sub.8 [OC.sub.2 H.sub.3 R.sub.7 ].sub.n [OCH.sub.2 CHOH--CH.sub.2 ].sub.pin which 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.4 and p denotes 0 or 1; R.sub.8 denotes H or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkylcycloalkyl or alkylaryl radical;(iii) R.sub.4 denotes an alkylphenyl radical;(iv), (v) R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can form a saturated or unsaturated aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle;(vi) R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 form polycyclic derivatives with the nitrogen atoms; R.sub.5 denotes a group corresponding to the formula: ##STR2## in which n is an integer varying between 0 and 10.

Abstract: A pyridine-compound is reacted with fluorine together with a Bronsted acid-compound or Lewis acid to form a N-fluoropyridinium salt which is very active to other compounds but is very selective for the preparation of a desired product and this product is very useful for a fluorine-introducing agent which makes it useful for the preparation of fluoro-compounds such as thyroid inhibitor.

Abstract: Vinyl ethers having a carboxyl group in a form of salt are stable and is usable as materials for fluorine-containing copolymers. The vinyl ethers can provide sable monomer compositions by mixing with vinyl ethers having a free carboxyl group when the former vinyl ethers are present in an amount of not less than 1% by mole of the latter vinyl ethers. The fluorine-containing copolymer prepared by copolymerizing fluoroolefins with the vinyl ethers are useful as aqueous coatings particularly electro dip coatings.

Abstract: Amine oxides which have low levels of nitrosamines or are substantially-free of nitrosamines are made by reacting tert-amines with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of carbon dioxide and aluminum metal.

Abstract: Novel organic mixed complexes are provided which have the general formulaD.sup.+.[A.TCNQ]wherein D.sup.+ is an N-alkylonium cation derived from a nitrogen-containing hetercyclic compound (D) selected from the group consisting of pyridines, guinolines, isoquinolines and imidazoles and [A.TCNQ] is an anion radical derived from a 2,5-bis[(alkoxycarbonyl)-ethyl]-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (A) of the formula ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl group containing 1-10 carbon atoms, and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ).

Abstract: Propane or butane sultones are prepared by the thermal decomposition of the corresponding aryl sulfoalkyl ethers wherein the alkyl part has three or four carbons between the sulfo group and the ether oxygen. When a tertiary amine is present, the final product is the corresponding sulfoalkyl quaternary salt of the tertiary amine.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation is disclosed which is made up of a micelle or a vesicle each consisting of a cationic tenside with a monovalent ion and a hydrophobic cyclic or linear peptide, dispersed in a solvent whose pH value lies between pH 7-pH 8, the critical micellization concentration (cmc) lying in the range of 1.0 . 10.sup.-7 to 7.0 . 10.sup.-5 mol/liter. The preparation disclosed have in particular the advantage that by the increasing of the hydrophobicity of the alkyl or aryl chain or the radical at the N.sup.+ tenside both the membrane permeability is increased and furthermore the pharmaceutical active substance, in particular linear and cyclic tyrocidines (A-E), can be transferred actively into the cytosol. They thus act on the transcription level. In addition, linear and cyclic tyrocidines in particular have antiviral effects.

Abstract: The synthesis of 7-n-alkyl-imidazolium[4,5-d]-pyrimidines, 6-substituted-3n-alkyl-benzimidazolium- and 3n-alkyl-5,6-substituted-benzthiazolium salts are described. There N.sup.+ -surfactants having a substituted heterocycle as a head group have distinguished small critical micelle concentrations (CMC) in the range of 10.sup.-5 -10.sup.-7 Mol/Liter. The size and shape of these micelles in watery solutions are determined by the nature of the anion. The N-surfactants can be used as pharmaceuticals as well as reporter groups in fluorescence studies including immunological assays.

Abstract: Composition of matter containing:(a) a compound of the formula I ##STR1## in which A is one of the groups of the formulae ##STR2## in which B is --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --N.dbd.N--, --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --O--CH.sub.2 --O-- ##STR3## --CONH--, --NHCONH-- or --CONHNHCO--, Q is --O' or --NH' and Z is --O-- or --S-- and R and R' are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or phenoxy, and (b) a compound of the formula II ##STR4## in which X.sup..sym. is H.sup..sym. or a group of the formulae ##EQU1## or N.sup..sym. (R.sub.1) (R.sub.2) (R.sub.3) (R.sub.4), M.sup.n.sym. is an n-valent metal cation, n is 1, 2 or 3, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently of one another hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl-substituted phenyl or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the N atom form a pyrrolidine, imidazolidine, piperidine, piperazine or morpholine radical, or R.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to fusible, electrically conductive N-arylpyridinium-TCNQ complexes of the formula ##STR1## in which m is zero or an integer from 0 to 2 andR represents an optionally substituted aryl radical, and their use for preparing conductive coatings on substrates.

Abstract: Compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein X is long-chain alkyloxy, long-chain alkylamino or long-chain dialkylamino,M is alkali metal, pyridinium or ammonium,Y is hydroxy or long-chain alkyloxy,which are especially useful in photometric and fluorimetric investigations of lipids and lipid-water interactions and of cationic biomolecules such as nicotine adenine dinucleotide.

Abstract: 3-(2-Phenethyl)-1-carbamoyloxypyridinium halide is an intermediate for the preparation of the antihistamine azatadine.

Abstract: Sulfatobetaines are prepared by reacting an adduct of a base having a tertiary N atom and sulfur trioxide with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkylene carbonate as a solvent.

Abstract: A 2,2'-bridged[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl compound of the following formula is an intermediate to insecticidal esters. ##STR1## wherein n is 1-4 and Y is a leaving group readily displaced by carboxylate anions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a compound having the formula ##STR1## which comprises sulfonating a compound having the formula ##STR2## with a complex having the formula ##STR3## and cyclizing the resulting compound having the formula ##STR4## by treatment with a base.

Abstract: Novel, highly electroconductive organic complexes are disclosed which have the general formulaD.sup.+.A.sup.-wherein the constituent D.sup.+ is an N-alkyl-onium cation (D.sup.+) derived from a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (D) selected from the group consisting of pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines and imidazoles and the constituent A.sup.- is the anion radical corresponding to a 2,5-disubstituted-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (A) of the general formula ##STR1## wherein X is --COOR (R being an alkyl group containing 1-10 carbon atoms) or --CN.

Abstract: Composition containing(a) an isoindoline pigment of the formula I ##STR1## and (b) a compound of the formula II ##STR2## Pigment mixtures of this kind, in particular when used in paints, are distinguished in particular by increased tinctorial strength and high lustre and especially by improved rheology.For the definition of the substituents and symbols R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, Q, X, Y and Z, see claim 1.

Abstract: A bleaching agent composition comprising a peroxide capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution, in admixture with an activator for the peroxide selected from the group consisting of naphthonitriles, isophthalonitrides, terephthalonitriles, alkali metal salts of cyanic acid, cyanic acid ammonium salt, cyanopyridines and acid neutralized products thereof, cyanopyridinium salts, O-acyl compounds, and N-acyl compounds has improved bleaching power and enables bleaching of an article within a short period of time.

Abstract: Thiophene-2-sulfonamides with a 5-alkyl-S(O).sub.n -substituent are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts of the formulaR.sub.1 --K.sup..sym. A.sup..crclbar.in whichR.sub.1 denotes C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -alkyl or C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -alkenyl,K.sup..sym. denotes a group of the formula ##STR1## or --.sup..sym. N(R.sub.2).sub.3, R.sub.2 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, preferably methyl, and A.sup..crclbar. denotes an anion of one of the following formulae: R.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar., in which R.sub.3 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.9 -alkyl or alkenyl and the sum of C atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 should be at least 21; ##STR2## in which Hal is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkoxy in positions 3, 4, 5 or 6, R.sub.5 is hydrogen or hydroxyl in positions 2 or 3, R.sub.6 is COO.sup.- or SO.sub.3.sup.- and R.sub.7 is hydrogen or methyl, with the exception of the salicylate and m-halogenobenzoate ions when combined with C.sub.16 -alkylpyridinium and C.sub.16 -alkyltrimethylammonium.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a compound having the formula ##STR1## which comprises sulfonating a compound having the formula ##STR2## with a complex having the formula ##STR3## and cyclizing the resulting compound having the formula ##STR4## by treatment with a base.

Abstract: Polycyclic salts of the formulaA-XN+CH.sub.2 --(Y).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --(Z).sub.q --L--(T).sub.r --M IwhereinA.sup.- is the anion of a strong organic or inorganic acid;XN.sup.+ is pyridinium, pyrimidinium, thiazolium or imidazolium substituted by R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 ;n, q and r individually are the integer 1 or 0 and p is an integer from 1 to 15;Y is CH.sub.2, C(H,OH) or C(O):Z is O, S, CH.sub.2, C(O), NQ.sup.1, SO.sub.2, C(O)O, OC(O), C(O)N(Q.sup.1) or N(Q.sup.1)C(O);L is p-phenylene substituted by R.sup.4 ; andM is phenyl substituted by R.sup.5 and R.sup.6,T has one of the meanings given above, for Z or is C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, C.sub.2 H.sub.4, C(Q.sup.2).dbd.C(Q.sup.3), C.tbd.C, CH.sub.2 C(O), C(O)CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 O or OCH.sub.2,R.sup.1 is a group Ar, Ar-C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, ArO or ArC(O),Ar is phenyl substituted by R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 ;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 individually are H, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy or C.sub.6 H.sub.

Abstract: Corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with an aqueous medium is inhibited by incorporating a N-(hydrophobe aromatic)pyridinium compound such as N-(p-dodecylphenyl)-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium sulfoacetate into the aqueous medium.

Abstract: Substituted [1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl compounds carrying leaving groups are intermediates to insecticidal esters.

Abstract: The invention provides salts of methyl phosphonic acid and its mono- or di-methyl ester with certain amines. The salts are useful flame retardant additives for polyurethanes and polyisocyanurates.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is H or CH.sub.3, a process for their preparation, and their use as intermediates in the preparation of pharmaceutically useful compounds, e.g. substituted benzimidazoles containing a pyridine radical, i.a. omeprazole.

Abstract: A nitrone is synthesized from a secondary amine by reacting a compound represented by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 mean individually a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group and R.sup.3 denotes an alkyl or aryl group with a peroxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of tungsten compounds, molybdenum compounds, vanadium compounds, titanium compounds, palladium compounds, rhodium compounds, ruthenium compounds and nickel compounds. This process provides the nitrone by one-step oxidation of the secondary amine.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting acid corrosion of metal well equipment which comprises introducing into an aqueous acid solution an inhibiting amount of a quaternary compound prepared by reacting a tertiary aromatic heterocyclic amine with a (halo-substituted-aryl) alkyl halide, and contacting the well equipment with the inhibited aqueous acid solution.