Abstract: Presently provided are compounds according to the formula (I) or (II), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, wherein R1, R4, and R5 are defined herein. Such compounds and compositions are useful for modulating an activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; treating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediated immunosuppression; treating a medical conditions that benefit from the inhibition of enzymatic activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; enhancing the effectiveness of an anti-cancer treatment comprising administering an anti-cancer agent; treating tumor-specific immunosuppression associated with cancer; and treating immunosuppression associated with an infectious disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of at least one imidazol derivative of formula I or 1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-imidazole, 1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1,2,3-triazole or 1-(2?-thioethyl)ethylimidazole as additive in dye-sensitized solar cells and to special electrolyte formulations and a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising at least one compound of formula I or 1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-imidazole, 1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1,2,3-triazole or 1-(2?-thioethyl)ethylimidazole.

Abstract: Provided are a nonaqueous solvent containing a compound with high conductivity and low viscosity and a high-performance power storage device using the nonaqueous solvent. The power storage device includes an ionic liquid. The ionic liquid contains an anion and a cation having a five-membered heteroaromatic ring having one or more substituents. At least one of the substituents is a straight chain formed of four or more atoms and includes one or more of C, O, Si, N, S, and P.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds that inhibit RNase H activity of retroviruses, for example, a compound of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as described herein, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, stereoisomers, and prodrugs thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, as well as methods of use, and treatment or prevention of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Abstract: An alkyl phenyl sulfide derivative represented by the general formula [I] or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, and a pest control agent containing the derivative or the salt as an active ingredient. [in the above formula, R1 is, for example, a C1˜C6 alkyl group which is mono- or poly-substituted with halogen atom; R2 is, for example, a halogen atom or a C1˜C6 alkyl group; R3 is, for example, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; and R4 is, for example, a hydrogen atom or a C1˜C12 alkyl group.] The derivative or the salt has an excellent pest control effect.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising (3-(1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)-2-methylphenyl)methanol and methods of using the composition to treat chronic pain.

Abstract: This invention describes new antifungal compounds that are aralkyl benzyl ethers of the formula (I): where Ar represents aryl, imidazolil, 1,2,4-triazolyl, benzimidazolil; R1, R2, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl; R3 represents halogen, C1-6alkyl or O—R? where R? represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; R6 represents aryl, substituted aryl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl or O—R? where R? represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; being the substituents of the aryl a halogen or a radical tetrazolyl; n and m represent independently an integer between 0 and 5; With the proviso that when Ar is imidazolil, R3 is chlorine, R6 is p-phenyl and R1, R2, R4 and R5 are hydrogen, n must be different from 2. When n and m are not 0 and 1, R3 or R6 can be represented by substituents not necessarily equal.

Abstract: Therapeutic compositions comprising substituted imidazole or imidazolium compounds may be used for a number of medical purposes, such as treatment of undesirable conditions or diseases, including disease or conditions related to bone, cancer, and/or pain.

Abstract: The invention relates to a monomer (6, 14) carrying an imidazole-type heterocycle (3). According to the invention, the chemical structure of said monomer (6, 14) comprises at least one unit of formula (I) wherein R1 comprises an alkenyl grouping and R2 comprises a grouping for protecting one of the nitrogen atoms of the heterocycle. The invention also relates to a monomer carrying a benzimidazole-type heterocycle, and to protected polymers obtained from said monomers, deprotected polymers produced by the protected polymers, a proton exchange membrane based on deprotected polymers, and a fuel cell provided with said membrane. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for producing the above-mentioned monomers and polymers.

Abstract: Disclosure of functionalized ionic liquids. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as solvent for carbon dioxide. Use of disclosed ionic liquids as flame retardant. Use of disclosed ionic liquids for coating fabric to obtain flame retardant fabric.

Abstract: Salts with formula X?M+ wherein M+ is Li, Na, K, an ammonium, a phosphonium, an imidazolium, a pyridinium, or a pyrazolium and X? is an anion formed from covalent linking of two negative moieties to a positive onium-type core are provided. Also provided are electrolytes and batteries produced from these salts.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds that inhibit RNase H activity of retroviruses, for example, a compound of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as described herein, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, stereoisomers, and prodrugs thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, as well as methods of use, and treatment or prevention of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (ROR?) modulators of formula (I), processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing these modulators, and their use in the treatment of inflammatory, metabolic and autoimmune diseases mediated by ROR? wherein R1 to R7 are as defined in claim 35.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a novel NDM (New Delhi metallo-?-lactamase) inhibitor that functions as a drug for restoring the antibacterial activity of ?-lactam antibiotics that have been inactivated as a result of decomposition by NDM.

Abstract: Process for preparing polymeric, ionic compounds comprising imidazolium groups, wherein an ?-dicarbonyl compound, an aldehyde, at least one amino compound having at least two primary amino groups, if appropriate an amino compound having only one primary amino group and a protic acid, where the carbonyl groups of the ?-dicarbonyl compound and of the aldehyde may, if appropriate, also be present as hemiacetal, acetal or hemiketal or ketal, are reacted with one another.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of at least one imidazol derivative of formula I or 1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-imidazole, 1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1,2,3-triazole or 1-(2?-thioethyl)ethylimidazole as additive in dye-sensitized solar cells and to special electrolyte formulations and a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising at least one compound of formula I or 1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-imidazole, 1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1,2,3-triazole or 1-(2?-thioethyl)ethylimidazole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a precursor of positron emission tomography (PET) radioactive medical supplies, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof, and more specifically, to a precursor having a tetravalent organic salt leaving group, a preparation method, and a method for preparing desired PET radioactive medical supplies in a high radiochemical yield within a short preparation time by introducing 18F using the same through a single step. The precursor having a tetravalent organic salt leaving group of the present invention can simplify the known complex multistep preparation of radioactive medical supplies into a single step, can save production costs because an excessive amount of a phase transfer catalyst is not required, facilitates separation of a compound after reaction, and enables rapid reaction velocity. The features are appropriate for the mass production of PET radioactive medical supplies by an automated synthesis system.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A represents a C3 to C12 cycloalkyl group which may be substituted by one to three selected from a fluoro group, a hydroxy group, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, etc; R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluoro group, or a C1 to C6 alkyl group; R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a prodrug group; and Y represents —CH2—CHR5—CH2—NHR6 (wherein R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, or a C1 to C6 alkoxy group, and R6 represents a hydrogen atom or a prodrug group), or the like exhibits excellent TAFIa inhibitory activity and is useful as a therapeutic drug for myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, cerebral infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and the like.

Abstract: Presently provided are compounds according to the formula (I) or (II), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, wherein R1, R4, and R5 are defined herein. Such compounds and compositions are useful for modulating an activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; treating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediated immunosuppression; treating a medical conditions that benefit from the inhibition of enzymatic activity of indoleamine -2,3-dioxygenase; enhancing the effectiveness of an anti-cancer treatment comprising administering an anti-cancer agent; treating tumor-specific immunosuppression associated with cancer; and treating immunosupression associated with an infectious disease.

Abstract: Presently provided are IDO inhibitors of general formulae (VII), (VIII) as shown below and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, useful for modulating an activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; treating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediated immunosuppression; treating a medical conditions that benefit from the inhibition of enzymatic activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; enhancing the effectiveness of an anti-cancer treatment comprising administering an anti-cancer agent; treating tumor-specific immunosuppression associated with cancer; and treating immunosupression associated with an infectious disease.

Abstract: The present invention includes compound compositions and methods of making compounds that include an oligo-benzamide compound having at least two optionally substituted benzamides.

Abstract: Imidazole derivatives of formula (I): wherein R1, R2a, R2b, A, V and W are as defined in the description, as inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, their preparation process and their use in the prevention or treatment of diabetes, and other diseases where the inhibition of gluconeogenesis, control of blood glucose levels, reduction in glycogen stores, or reduction in insulin levels is beneficial and diseases related to the insulin resistance syndrome.

Abstract: Imido-acid salts and compositions containing imido-acid salts are described herein. Methods of their preparation and use are also described herein. The methods of using the imido-acid salts include the reduction of volatile compounds from gas and liquid streams and the delivery of pharmaceutical agents to subjects.

Abstract: A polyether compound containing oxirane monomer units in an average number per molecule of 10 to 100, wherein the polyether compound contains repeating units which are represented by the general formula (2) as at least part of the oxirane monomer units is provided. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a polymer material which has suitable fluidity and is excellent in ion conductivity. (R1 to R4 respectively independently indicate a hydrogen atom or C1 to C3 alkyl group, and R2 and R3 may be bonded with each other. Further, X? is an anion which is comprised of 2 to 25 atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid curable epoxy resin composition that has excellent storage stability and curing properties and provides a cured product having excellent properties, particularly, excellent organic solvent resistance. For that purpose, a clathrate containing a carboxylic acid compound and at least one selected from the group consisting of an imidazole compound represented by formula (I), wherein R1 to R4 each represent a hydrogen atom or the like, and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene-7 (DBU) is mixed in an epoxy resin. The liquid curable epoxy resin composition uses a liquid epoxy resin or an organic solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a reaction method and a production method of an organic compound which are capable of achieving high reaction selectivity according to the purpose and a high production rate of a target substance. The methods include at least two fluids, wherein at least one kind of the fluids is a fluid containing at least one organic compound and at least one kind of the fluids other than the above fluid is a fluid containing at least one reactant in the form of a liquid or solution, and the respective fluids join together in a thin film fluid foamed between processing surfaces arranged to be opposite to each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other, at least one of which rotates relative to the other, whereby an organic reaction is performed in the thin film fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to ionic liquid (ILs) solvents for chemical synthesis based on an alkyl-imidazolium cation core containing ionic liquids which have enhanced biodegradability and reduced toxicity relative to existing imidazolium bases ILs such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmmim) salts. Many of the described ILs produce a score of over 60% biodegradability over 28 days in a biodegradability test such as the Sturm Test, the Closed Bottle Test (OECD 301D) or the CO2 Headspace Test (ISO 14593). The ILs of the invention comprise an alkyl substituted imidazolium cationic core having a —C?OX— side chain in the 3-position of the imidazole ring, wherein X?O, NH, N or S and an associated counteranion characterized in that the —C?OX side chain comprises at least one ether linkage. The biodegradable and non-toxic IL may be used as green solvents for the chemical, pharmaceutical, biofuel and biomass industries. The ILs of the invention are particularly useful in hydrogenation, pericyclic and metathesis reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method for treating skin diseases and skin conditions in a subject in need of such treatment, which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising ester pro-drugs of [3-(1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)-2-methylphenyl]methanol, or enantiomers thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Imido-acid salts and compositions containing imido-acid salts are described herein. Methods of their preparation and use are also described herein. The methods of using the imido-acid salts include the reduction of volatile compounds from gas and liquid streams and the delivery of pharmaceutical agents to subjects.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for the delivery of therapeutic agents to cells. In particular, these include novel cationic lipids and nucleic acid-lipid particles that provide efficient encapsulation of nucleic acids and efficient delivery of the encapsulated nucleic acid to cells in vivo. The compositions of the present invention are highly potent, thereby allowing effective knock-down of a specific target protein at relatively low doses. In addition, the compositions and methods of the present invention are less toxic and provide a greater therapeutic index compared to compositions and methods previously known in the art.

Abstract: The invention relates to imidazole derivatives which have a good affinity to the trace amine associated receptors (TAARs), especially for TAAR1. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutically-suitable acid-addition salt of the above compound. The invention further relates to a composition comprising an imidazole derivative as described above, or a pharmaceutically-suitable acid-addition salt thereof, and to processes for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: A method to obtain a new crystalline form of the Zoledronic acid, characterized by its X-rays diffractogram as well as by its spatial atomic distribution in the red crystalline and its curves of thermal analysis. There is also included a method to obtain this crystalline form, which includes the synthesis of the corresponding acid and the pharmaceutical composition this crystalline form comprises.

Abstract: Certain novel substituted imidazoles are ligands of the human bombesin receptor and, in particular, are selective ligands of the human bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3). They are therefore useful for the treatment, control, or prevention of diseases and disorders responsive to the modulation of BRS-3, such as obesity, and diabetes.

Abstract: An azole derivative according to the invention is represented by Formula (I), wherein each of Ra and Rb denotes a hydrogen atom, or a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C2-C6 alkenyl group or a C2-C6 alkynyl group; Ra and Rb may be substituted with Xa or Xb which is a halogen atom; each of na and nb denotes 0 or the number of Xa- or Xb-substituted hydrogen atoms among the hydrogen atoms in Ra or Rb; each Y denotes a halogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl group, a C1-C4 haloalkyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxy group, a C1-C4 haloalkoxy group, a phenyl group, a cyano group or a nitro group; m denotes 0 to 5; and A denotes a nitrogen atom or a methyne group. As a result, an azole derivative contained as an active ingredient in an agro-horticultural agent having an excellent controlling effect on diseases can be provided.

Abstract: There is provided a preparation process in which a N—H group of a heteroaromatic ring compound having a N—H group in its ring is converted directly to a N—Rf group at a high reaction efficiency without using a catalyst. The preparation process is a process for preparing a compound comprising a heteroaromatic ring structure having a N—Rf group (—Rf is a fluorine-containing organic group) in its ring and is characterized in that the heteroaromatic ring compound having a N—H group in its ring is allowed to react with fluoroalkene in the absence of an alkali metal.

Abstract: This invention describes new antifungal compounds that are aralkyl benzyl ethers of the formula (I): wherein: Ar represents aryl, imidazolil, 1,2,4-triazolyl, benzimidazolil; R1, R2, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl; R3 represents halogen, C1-6alkyl or O—R? where R? represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; R6 represents aryl, substituted aryl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl or O—R? where R? represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; being the substituents of the aryl a halogen or a radical tetrazolyl; n and m represent independently an integer between 0 and 5; With the proviso that when Ar is imidazolil, R3 is chlorine, R6 is p-phenyl and R1, R2, R4 and R5 are hydrogen, n must be different from 2. When n and m are not 0 and 1, R3 or R6 can be represented by substituents not necessarily equal.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a mixture of amorphous compounds, the method comprising supplying a solution containing the compounds; and allowing at least a portion of the solvent of the solution to evaporate while preventing the solute of the solution from contacting a nucleation point. Also provided is a method for transforming solids to amorphous material, the method comprising heating the solids in an environment to form a melt, wherein the environment contains no nucleation points; and cooling the melt in the environment.

Abstract: There is provided a preparation process in which a N—H group of a heteroaromatic ring compound having a N—H group in its ring is converted directly to a N—Rf group at a high reaction efficiency without using a catalyst. The preparation process is a process for preparing a compound comprising a heteroaromatic ring structure having a N—Rf group (—Rf is a fluorine-containing organic group) in its ring and is characterized in that the heteroaromatic ring compound having a N—H group in its ring is allowed to react with fluoroalkene in the absence of an alkali metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds useful in the modulation of potassium channel activity in cells, in particular the activity of Kv1.3 channels found in T cells. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment or prevention of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: There is provided a preparation process in which a N—H group of a heteroaromatic ring compound having a N—H group in its ring is converted directly to a N—Rf group at a high reaction efficiency without using a catalyst. The preparation process is a process for preparing a compound comprising a heteroaromatic ring structure having a N—Rf group (—Rf is a fluorine-containing organic group) in its ring and is characterized in that the heteroaromatic ring compound having a N—H group in its ring is allowed to react with fluoroalkene in the absence of an alkali metal.

Abstract: Certain novel substituted imidazoles are ligands of the human bombesin receptor and, in particular, are selective ligands of the human bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3). They are therefore useful for the treatment, control, or prevention of diseases and disorders responsive to the modulation of BRS-3, such as obesity, and diabetes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula A-R—X or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which can be used for producing a pharmaceutical preparation suitable for preventing or treating cancerous diseases, pathological consequences of alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, steatohepatitis, acute and chronic pancreatitis, toxic renal diseases, hepatic insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus, hepatic damage in Wilson's disease and sideroses and/or ischaemic reperfusion damage, as an antidote against environmental toxins and medicament intoxication in order to extend the resistance time of medicaments in organisms, or for combating toxic side effects in the administration of chemotherapeutics. In the formula R is an aliphatic or aromatic C6- to C40-hydrocarbon radical which has a hydrophilic end A, and X is a radical having at least one free electron pair of a carbon or heteroatom and/or ?-electrons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating a disorder selected from depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stress-related disorders, psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, substance abuse and metabolic disorders such as eating disorders, diabetes, diabetic complications, obesity, dyslipidemia, disorders of energy consumption and assimilation, disorders and malfunction of body temperature homeostasis, disorders of sleep and circadian rhythm, and cardiovascular disorders which comprises administering to an individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I wherein R1, R2, Q, W, X, Y, m, and n are as defined in the specification, and their pharmaceutically active salts, racemic mixtures, enantiomers, optical isomers and tautomeric forms.

Abstract: A sulfur dioxide absorbent comprising an ionic liquid comprised of alkyl ether-substituted imidazolium cation and an alkanesulfonate anion moieties possesses a high thermal/chemical stability, high SO2 absorption rate and low regeneration temperature, and is useful for an effective separation of SO2 from a combustion exhaust gas mixture or the like.

Abstract: Novel compounds, compositions, and kits are provided. Methods of modulating A? levels, and methods of treating a disease associated with aberrant A? levels are also provided.

Abstract: 2-Aryl imidazoline derivatives are provided that are useful as anti-obesity agents or the like. A compound represented by Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen, C1-6alkyl, or the like; R3a, R3b, R4a and R4b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, C1-6alkyl, or haloC1-6alkyl; and Ar represents aryl, wherein the aryl may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents such as halogen, cyano, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, amino, monoC1-6alkylamino, diC1-6alkylamino, and C1-6alkyloxy-carbonyl.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the general formula (I): compositions comprising an effective amount of said compounds either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, and methods useful for treating or preventing cancer and for inhibiting tumour tissue growth. These compounds attenuate the oxidative damage associated with increased heme-oxygenase activity and can reduce cell proliferation in transformed cells. In addition, the described compounds and compositions are useful as neuroprotectants and for treating or preventing neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases of the central nervous system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially advantageous process for producing a steroid C17,20 lyase inhibitor represented by the general formula (I); and a Reformatsky reagent in a stable form suitable for the process. In the present invention, a compound represented by the general formula (I) is produced by reducing a specific ?-hydroxy ester compound derivative or a salt thereof obtained from a specific carbonyl compound in a Reformatsky reaction in the presence of a metal hydride complex and a metal halide, and then subjecting it to a ring-closing reaction. In the above Reformatsky reaction, it is useful to use a stable solution of a compound represented by the general formula BrZnCH2COOC2H5 or a crystal of the compound which is represented by the formula (BrZnCH2COOC2H5.THF)2.

Abstract: The invention relates to imidazole derivatives which have a good affinity to the trace amine associated receptors (TAARs), especially for TAAR1. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutically-suitable acid-addition salt of the above compound. The invention further relates to a composition comprising an imidazole derivative as described above, or a pharmaceutically-suitable acid-addition salt thereof, and to processes for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: A method for the prevention and treatment of hypotension and shock due to low peripheral resistance, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a certain imidazole derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable ester or salt thereof, and a method for the treatment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a certain imidazole derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable ester or salt thereof.