Abstract: The invention is directed to a class of compounds, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, having the structure of formula (I), as defined in the specification. The invention is also directed to compositions containing the compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: A method for producing an aromatic carbonate, comprising: (1) performing a reaction between an organometal compound and carbon dioxide to obtain a reaction mixture containing a dialkyl carbonate formed by the reaction, (2) separating the dialkyl carbonate from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid, (3) reacting the residual liquid with an alcohol to form at least one organometal compound and form water and removing the water from the organometal compound, and (4) reacting the dialkyl carbonate separated in step (2) with an aromatic hydroxy compound to obtain an aromatic carbonate.

Abstract: Modified stable polyisocyanates are described having at least one isocyanate function modified by a group having cross-linking functionality.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkylene carbonate, said process comprising contacting the corresponding alkylene oxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of a metal salt immobilised on a solid support, wherein the metal salt comprises a cation of a metal selected from those in the third period and group 2, the fourth period and groups 2 and 4 to 12, the fifth period and groups 2, 4 to 7, 12 and 14, and the sixth period and groups 2 and 4 to 6 of the periodic table according to IUPAC nomenclature, and an anion selected from anions of inorganic acids and organic acids, and wherein the solid support contains a quaternary ammonium, a quaternary phosphonium, a quaternary arsenonium, a quaternary stibonium, or a ternary sulfonium cation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing highly pure glyceryl carbonate by transesterifying dialkyl carbonates or cyclic carbonates in the presence of a basic catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of cyclic carbonates which comprises reacting an olefins or its epoxide with carbon dioxide or a mixture of oxygen-containing compound and carbon dioxide, in the presence of zeolite-based catalyst and a Lewis base co-catalyst, at a minimum pressure of 30 psig and temperature between 40 to 120° C. for 0.5 to 4 hrs., separating the catalyst and recovering the corresponding cyclic carbonate formed by conventional methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compound(s) comprising at least one acrylate or methacrylate group, at least one linear carbonate group and at least one 5-membered cyclic carbonate group. The process comprises (A) a selective ring-opening step and (B) a (meth)acrylation step. The process is environment-friendly and compounds obtained are usable in radiation curable compositions, for example in radiation-curable inks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ?3 adrenergic receptor agonist of formula I: or a pharmaceutical salt thereof; which is capable of increasing lipolysis and energy expenditure in cells and, therefore, is useful for treating Type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.

Abstract: A method of treating ocular hypotension, hypertension, hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, coronary contraction, cerebrovascular contraction after subarachnoidal hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and asthma which comprises administering to a mammal suffering therefrom a therapeutically effective amount of a thromboxane ligand which is a compound formula I, wherein Y is (CH2)x; Z is selected from the group consisting of and (CR2)x, x is an integer of 1 or 2; n is 0 or 1; R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical of from 1 to 4 carbons; A is an alkylene or alkenylene radical having from two to seven carbon atoms, which radical may be substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, alkyloxy or alkylcarboxy groups or said alkylene or alkenylene may have one or more enchained oxa or imino radicals; B is a methyl radical or a cycloalkyl radical having from three to seven carbon atoms, or an aryl radical, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl aryl and heteroaryl radicals wherein the heteroatom is

Abstract: A method for producing trimethylene carbonate poly(trimethylene carbonate which comprises (a) introducing liquid poly(trimethylene carbonate) and an optional catalyst into a wiped film evaporator reactor under a vacuum about 15 kPa or less, said reactor having walls heated to at least about 230° C. and an internal condenser heated to a temperature above the boiling point of trimethylene carbonate, (b)spreading the poly(trimethylene carbonate) into a thin film and allowing it to flow down the interior surface of the heated walls, (c) depolymerizing the poly(trimethylene carbonate) to form trimethylene carbonate which is driven to the internal condenser and residue poly(trimethylene carbonate) which continues down the reactor, and (d) collecting the trimethylene carbonate in a cooled distillate receiver.

Abstract: A catalytic system comprising of Zinc-substituted polyoxometalate, Na12[WZn3(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2].48H2O and a Lewis base has been discovered to be efficient for chemical fixation of CO2 with epoxides (I) to form cyclic carbonates of structure II as given below: wherein R is selected from a halogen atom, aliphatic and aromatic group. The reaction was carried out at moderate CO2 pressure of 60 psig and in the temperature range 100-140° C. with very high turn number of more than 40,000, with nearly a quantitative conversion and 95-99% selectivity. The Zinc-substituted polyoxometalate catalyst is easy to separate after the reaction by filtration and reusable for many cycles. The reaction can be carried out without any solvent.

Abstract: The 5-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-4-one derivative of the present invention is represented by the formula (1) indicated below, and it is a novel monomer from which a homopolymer and a copolymer excellent in light transparency and heat stability are obtained. Moreover, the polymer obtained by (co)polymerizing a monomer composition comprising the derivative represented by the formula (1) indicated below is excellent in the resist performance such as sensitivity, resolution and dry etching resistance, and solubility in an organic solvent, also having little line edge roughness, and thus it is preferably used as a resin for a resist composition.

Abstract: An improved aqueous cathodic electrocoating composition having a binder of an epoxy-amine adduct and a blocked polyisocyanate crosslinking agent; wherein the improvement is the use of a hydoxyl-carbonate blocked polyisocyanate crosslinking agent. Electrodeposited finishes are formed that have reduced weight loss when heated to cure.

Abstract: A method of treating ocular hypotension, hypertension, hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, coronary contraction, cerebrovascular contraction after subarachnoidal hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and asthma which comprises administering to a mammal suffering therefrom a therapeutically effective amount of a thromboxane ligand which is a compound formula I, wherein Y is (CH2)x; Z is selected from the group consisting of x is an integer of 1 or 2; n is 0 or 1; R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical of from 1 to 4 carbons; A is an alkylene or alkenylene radical having from two to seven carbon atoms, which radical may be substituted with one or more hydroxy, oxo, alkyloxy or alkylcarboxy groups or said alkylene or alkenylene may have one or more enchained oxa or imino radicals; B is a methyl radical or a cycloalkyl radical having from three to seven carbon atoms, or an aryl radical, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl aryl and heteroaryl radicals wherein t

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compound(s) comprising at least one acrylate or methacrylate group, at least one linear carbonate group and at least one 5-membered cyclic carbonate group. The process comprises (A) a selective ring-opening step and (B) a (meth)acrylation step. The process is environment-friendly and compounds obtained are usable in radiation curable compositions, for example in radiation-curable inks.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a derivative or analog of baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III having a C2 substituent other than benzoate and/or a C4 substituent other than acetate in which the C2 benzoate substituent and/or the C4 acetate substituent of a derivative of baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III is/are selectively reduced to the corresponding hydroxy group(s) and converted to R7COO— and/or R8COO—, respectively, wherein R7 and R8 are independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, moncyclic aryl, or monocyclic heteroaryl.

Abstract: The application discloses methods of treating mammalian diseases characterized by abnormal cell mitosis by administering estradiol derivatives including those comprising colchicine or combretastatin A-4 structural motifs of the general formulae found below in a dosage sufficient to inhibit cell mitosis. The application discloses novel compounds used in the methods.

Abstract: Modified stable polyisocyanates are described having at least one isocyanate function modified by a group having cross-linking functionality.

Abstract: The invention relates to insecticidal mixtures comprising compounds of the formula (I) in which X′, Y′, Z′, n, G′, A′ and B′ are as defined above and agonists and/or antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, for protecting plants against attack by pests.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclic carboxylic acid orthoester fluorides in which

Abstract: Mevinolin compounds for use in the treatment or prevention of autoimmune diseases, inflammation, ischemia/reperfusion injury and graft rejection. Such compounds bind to the LFA-1 I-domain and thereby inhibit LFA-1/ICAM-1 or LFA-1/ICAM-3 interactions.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing trimethylene carbonate is disclosed involving (a) reacting 1,3-propanediol and a compound chosen from phosgene and bis-chloroformates to form a polycarbonate intermediate having the structure: wherein n is at least 2; R1 is an end group chosen from H, R3-Cl, R3-OH and —C(O)Cl, where R3 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl and R2 is an end group chosen from —OCH2CH2CH2Cl, —OCH2CH2CH2OH and Cl; and (b) providing a combination of temperature and pressure corresponding to vapor phase conditions for trimethylene carbonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing quinoline-substituted carbonate and carbamate compounds, which are important intermediates in the synthesis of 6-O-substituted macrolide antibiotics. The process employs metal-catalyzed coupling reactions to provide a carbonate or carbamate of formula (I) or (II) or a substrate that can be reduced to obtain the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for detecting analytes with indicator systems which may undergo a molecular configurational change upon exposure to the analyte. The configurational change affects a detectable quality associated with the indicator system, thereby allowing detection of the presence or concentration of the analyte.

Abstract: Provided herein is a process for producing alkylene carbonates of ultra-high purity. According to the present invention, certain stages of traditional distillation of alkylene carbonate distillation are replaced by carbon treatment. Alkylene carbonates produced according to the invention have a color of less than 25 (Pt—Co), and are suitable for uses requiring ultra-pure alkylene carbonates.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of alkylene carbonates, such as ethylene carbonate, by reacting alkylene oxides with carbon dioxide in the presence of a porous solid support catalyst containing an alkali or alkaline earth metal component.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polymer comprising the repeat unit wherein each of R1 through R7 are independently hydrogen or alkyl, and R8 is hydrogen or methyl. The invention is further directed to a photosensitive composition comprising an admixture of: (a) finely divided particles if inorganic solids selected from the group consisting of ceramic, metal, metal oxide or metal alloy; (b) finely divided particles of an inorganic binder having a glass transition temperature in the range of form 550 to 825° C. a surface area to weight ratio of no greater than 10 m2/g and at least 95 wt. % of the particles having a size of 1-10 &mgr;m, dispersed in an organic vehicle comprising; (c) polymer as recited herein above; (d) photoinitiation system; (e) organic medium. With removal of the organic medium the above composition can be utilized for a tape.

Abstract: Monofluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, difluoromethyl ethylene carbonate and trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate are provided as novel compounds. These compounds are very useful as solvents because they are chemically and physically stable, have a high dielectric constant, can readily dissolve organic substances and have a wide application temperature range. These compounds have excellent charge and discharge cycle characteristics, have a high flash point, and are safe as non-aqueous elecytrolytes. Hence, batteries using these compounds withstand voltage and have excellent charge and discharge cycle characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing alkylene carbonate by reacting alkylene oxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising:a) at least one alkali metal halide selected from the group consisting of MCl, MBr and MI, whrerin M is alkali metal; andb) at least one manganese halide selected from the group consisting of MnCl.sub.2, MnBr.sub.2 and MnI.sub.2.

Abstract: A method of treating ocular hypotension, hypertension, hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, coronary contraction, cerebrovascular contraction after subarachnoidal hemorrhage, and asthma which comprises administering to a mammal suffering therefrom a therapeutically effective amount of a thromboxane ligand which is a compound formula I, ##STR1## wherein Y is (CH.sub.2).sub.x ; Z is selected from the group consisting of O, OCH.sub.2, ##STR2## and (CR.sub.2).sub.x, x is an integer of 1 or 2; R.sub.

Abstract: Reacting a diol (1) with a carbonic ester (2) to produce a cyclic carbonic ester (3) using a salt of a weak acid with an alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal as a catalyst. The diol (1) contains diols having an asymmetric carbon atom. The reaction mixture is neutralized and distilled to obtain a cyclic carbonic ester. Cyclic carbonic esters are produced using an easily accessible and easy to handle reactant, with good yield and under mild and moderate conditions.

Abstract: Six-membered cyclic carbonates (2-oxo-1,3-dioxanes) in which keto or carbohydrocarbyloxy groups are bound to the 5 position of the ring are disclosed. They react surprising quickly with primary or secondary cyclic amines, and the novel product hydroxyurethanes are useful as reactive diluents.

Abstract: A process for decolorizing organic carbonates, for example, cyclic alkylene carbonates, which involves contacting a discolored organic carbonate with hydrogen peroxide, is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for removing a diol from a cyclic carbonic acid ester containing the diol as an impurity, which comprises bringing a cyclic carbonic acid ester containing a diol as an impurity into contact with a synthetic zeolite in the presence of a chain carbonic acid ester. According to this process, there can be obtained a mixture of a cyclic carbonic acid ester and a chain carbonic acid ester having a very small content of diol, which is suitable as a solvent for electrolytic solution of a condenser, cell or battery.

Abstract: A polyalkylene succinimide composition prepared by reacting a mixture of an acid derivative, a polycarboxylic acid derivative; and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The acid derivative can be an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, a copolymer of a first unsaturated acidic reagent and a 1,1-disubstituted olefin, or mixtures of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative and the copolymer. The total reaction mixture contains from 4 to 40 wt. % of the polycarboxylic acid derivative, and contains from 0.1 to 1.5 equivalents of polyamine per equivalent of acidic groups of the acid derivative plus the acidic groups of the polycarboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbonates having a six-membered ring, of the formula ##STR1## by transesterification of 1,3-propanediol compounds with carbonic acid esters and subsequent distillative depolymerization of the oligo- or polycarbonate initially formed, one or more catalysts from the group consisting of compounds of Sn, Ti or Zr being employed both for the transesterification and for the depolymerization and, if appropriate, the distillation residue is at least partly recycled into the transesterification. Such carbonates having a six-membered ring can furthermore be stabilized against undesirable polymerization by addition of small amounts of acids of sulfur or phosphorus or esters or salts thereof.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds of Formula (XX) and Formula (XXIV), shown below, and processes of making same. ##STR1## wherein p is 0 ##STR2## wherein p is 1, and Y is chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: The subject invention describes compounds containing a polyhalogenated aryl moiety. The compounds of the invention are particularly useful for the assay of a variety of enzymes, including intracellular enzymes. The subject invention also describes assays for glutathione and/or glutathione transferase enzymes. Selected compounds of the invention are particularly useful for improving the retention of fluorescent products of enzyme metabolism in cells.

Abstract: The hydrolyzable and polymerizable silanes have the formula I, ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, a halogen, a hydroxy, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or --NR.sup.2.sub.2 group; wherein R.sup.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for the preparation of 1,3-dioxan-2-one group-containing oligourethanes by reacting a) hydroxy-functional 1,3-dioxan-2-ones with b) compounds having an average of at least two isocyanate groups per molecule; the oligourethanes obtainable by this process; and their use, optionally in combination with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, for the preparation of plastics or as a binder or binder component in coating compositions.

Abstract: The residual level of alkylene oxide in the reaction mixture resulting from reaction of alkylene oxide with carbon dioxide to form alkylene carbonate is reduced by stripping with an inert gas such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing dioxolenone derivatives of the structure ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl or aryl and R.sub.3 is CO.sub.2 R.sub.2 (where R.sub.2 is alkyl or arylalkyl such as benzyl, diphenylmethyl or para-methoxybenzyl). Intermediates produced in the above process are also provided as well as a method for preparing squalene synthetase inhibitors employing such intermediates.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a derivative or analog of baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III having a C2 substituent other than benzoate and/or a C4 substituent other than acetate in which the C2 benzoate substituent and/or the C4 acetate substituent of a derivative of baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III is/are selectively reduced to the corresponding hydroxy group(s) and converted to R.sub.7 COO-- and/or R.sub.8 COO--, respectively, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.2 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynyl, moncyclic aryl, or monocyclic heteroaryl.

Abstract: A Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F preparation having an improved LD.sub.50 in mice, an improved therapeutic activity:toxic index ratio and a lower amount of triptolide as compared to previous preparations is disclosed. The LD.sub.50 in mice of the T. wilfordii preparation is greater than about 860 mg/kg, the therapeutic activity:toxic index ratio is greater than about 2.6.times.10.sup.-3, and the amount of triptolide is less than about 1.3 .mu.g/mg. The preparation is useful for immunosuppression, in particular, the suppression of primary antibody response and suppression of autoimmune disease and for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: A bubble column reactor is described which is characterized by a slenderness ratio at a ratio of height to diameter of 2 to 50, a feed, at the bottom end of the bubble column, for the ethylene glycol carbonate (EGG) or propylene glycol carbonate (PGC) already present serving as reaction medium, one or more metering sites for the starting materials CO.sub.2 and ethylene oxide (EOX) or propylene oxide (POX) above the feed for the reaction medium, an outlet for the reaction mixture at the top end of the bubble column, a dividing apparatus connected thereto for the reaction mixture flowing off for dividing it into reaction mixture to be taken off and worked up on the one hand and reaction mixture to be recycled on the other hand and additionally a return line to the feed for the reaction mixture to be recycled. This bubble column reactor can be advantageously used in a process for the continuous preparation of EGG or PGC which is carried out in the temperature range from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is described for the catalytic preparation of propylene glycol carbonate (PGC) by reacting propylene oxide (POX) and CO.sub.2 in PGC as reaction medium at elevated temperature and elevated pressure and separating off from the catalyst the PGC formed. The process is carried out continuously under adiabatic temperature conditions. Per unit of time, PGC as reaction medium flows into the reactor at 7 to 350 times the amount of the PGC formed per unit of time. At all points of the reactor a CO.sub.2 excess is maintained over the other reaction partner POX. Of the effluent reaction mixture, 80 to 98% by weight are returned to the entrance of the reactor, while the remainder is worked up to give PGC. The sensible heat of the reaction product resulting from the adiabatic temperature conditions can be used for the work-up.

Abstract: Organic carbonates and cyclic organic carbonates are prepared by reacting an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohol, or, respectively, an aliphatic diol, with carbon monoxide and oxygen, by operating in the presence of a complex catalyst of cobalt with organic ligands bearing one or more oxygen functional groups, as electron donors.

Abstract: New cholesterol lowering compounds are formed from the photochemical treatment of zaragozic acid A.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of glyceryl carbonate by causing glycerol to react with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a Group Ib, Group IIb, or Group VIIIb catalyst as per the Periodic Table at temperatures ranging from 0.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: Alkenyl or alkyl succinimide additives which are the reaction product of a high molecular weight alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine having an average of greater than 4 nitrogen atoms per mole, wherein the reaction product is post-treated with a cyclic carbonate, are compatible with fluorocarbon engine seals and, for concentration levels at which fluorocarbon seal compatibility is achieved, possess improved dispersancy and/or detergency properties when employed in lubricating oils and fuels,