Abstract: A liquid crystal compound is provided that satisfies at least one physical property, such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point (or high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The liquid crystal compound is represented by formula (1): in which, Ra and Rb are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A1, ring A2 and ring A3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene; and ring N1 is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; G is a divalent group represented by formula (pr-1) or (pr-2); in which, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are a single bond; and a, b and c are 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: A lifestyle disease improving drug that enhances PPAR?, ? and ? agonist activities that includes a compound having the lactone structure in accordance with the chemical formula 6-alkyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, the alkyl containing 4, 5, or 6 carbons, and a method for synthesizing the compound. The method includes adding, stepwise, a butyllithium-hexane solution to a diisopropylamine-tetrahydrofuran solution, and then a 6-alkyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one-tetrahydrofuran solution, wherein the alkyl contains 4, 5, or 6 carbons, adding a phenylselenyl choloride-tetrahydrofuran solution to produce a reaction mixture with a phenylselenide, extracting and purifying the phenylselenide, preparing a phenylselenide-tetrahydrofuran solution with the purified phenylselenide, and adding sodium bicarbonate and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution to the phenylselenide-tetrahydrofuran solution to produce a reaction mixture including the compound.

Abstract: The invention discloses marine Streptomyces sp., a Pyranosesquiterpene compound, as well as a preparation method and uses thereof. Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 01689 was collected in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) (Address: Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China) with the collection number of CCTCC NO: M 2011257 on Jul. 18, 2011. The Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 01689 can produce the Pyranosesquiterpene compound with better anti-Escherichia coli activity and anti-Artemia activity, as well as Cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Ile, Cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Leu and Cyclo(D)-trans-4-OH-Pro-(D)-Phe with better anti-Vibrio anguillarum activity and anti-Artemia activity, thereby providing a new way for preparing the Cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Ile, the Cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Leu and the Cyclo(D)-trans-4-OH-Pro-(D)-Phe. The Pyranosesquiterpene compound can be used for preparing anti-Escherichia coli medicaments and anti-Artemia medicaments, as well as preparing condiments as a condiment precursor compound.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a compound separated from Monascus-fermented rice, the preparation method and uses thereof. Specifically, the present invention discloses a compound represented by the Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 straight or branched alkoxyl, (II), (III) and (IV); R2 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl and C1-6 straight or branched alkoxyl. The present invention further discloses a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound. The compound of the present invention has HMG-CoA reductase inhibition effects.

Abstract: The invention provides a hydrogen storage material comprising a porous carbon material having oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, and Li bonded to the surface of the porous carbon material. The hydrogen storage material of the invention has more excellent hydrogen storage capacity than the prior art.

Abstract: Antitumoral compounds obtained from a porifera, of the family Raspailiidae, genus Lithoplocamia, species lithistoides, and derivatives thereof are provided.

Abstract: Novel Fostriecin (or FST) derivatives represented by formula (I), the pharmaceutical compositions and preparation methods thereof. The pharmaceutical uses of these compounds, especially the use for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for treating tumor, inhibiting cell over growth, or lowering myocardial infarction and the injury to cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound, which sufficiently suppresses generation of acyclic unsaturated compounds and permits excellent yield and reaction rate. Such a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound is a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound by reacting an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid with an unsaturated organic compound, wherein the method comprises a step of reacting the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid with the unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Esters of compounds in the leptomycin family, having a structure according to formula I where R, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 are as defined herein, exhibit anti-tumor properties.

Abstract: The present invention refers to the use of HMP (a secondary metabolite obtained from Aspergillus fungi) as an agent that intensifies the mechanism of macrophage activation, leading to the death of L. (Leishmania) amazonensis, the etiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The main mechanism of action of this agent is the activation of the microbicidal activity of host cells, through increased superoxide production, number of lysosomes, actin and microtubule filament polymerization and increased spreading, typical of activated cells. Additionally, HMP represents a molecule of easy acquisition, presents an efficient combat mechanism with no adverse reactions and capacity to inhibit the development of promastigotes and amastigotes forms. Finally, results suggest HMP to be a potential candidate for use against cutaneous leishmaniasis at a minimal concentration of 50 ?g/mL.

Abstract: Esters of compounds in the leptomycin family, having a structure according to formula I where R, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 are as defined herein, exhibit anti-tumor properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound, which sufficiently suppresses generation of acyclic unsaturated compounds and permits excellent yield and reaction rate. Such a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound is a method for producing a cyclic unsaturated compound by reacting an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid with an unsaturated organic compound, wherein the method comprises a step of reacting the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid with the unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Pesticidal compounds of general formula (I) Wherein ?represents a double bond; A— represents ?C(R5)—C(?O)—, wherein R represents hydrogen or halogen, R1 and R2 represent, independently, hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy or an ester group; or R1 and R2, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, represent an oxirane ring; or R1 and R2, taken together, represent an alkylidenedioxy or substituted alkylidenedioxy group; and R3 represents —CH2R6, wherein R6 represents an ester group, oxiranyl, or a group of formula wherein R7 represents hydrogen or alkyl, R8 represents phenylsulfanyl, phenylselenyl, phenylsulfoxy or phenylselenoxy, and R9 represents hydrogen, ethoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl and R4 represents, independently, hydrogen, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy; and methods of making the compounds of formula (I) and methods for controlling pests wherein the pest dies as a result of contact with a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to pyranone derivatives of general formula (I), wherein X is chlorine, bromine or iodine and R1 and R2 is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkylene, linear or branched group containing 1-20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a hydroxyl, amino, ether or halogen group, or R1 and R2 form together a cycle of 5, 6, 7 or 8 members which is optionally substituted by a hydroxyl, amino, ether or halogen group including isomers, enantiomers, diastereoisomers and the mixtures thereof. A method for preparing the inventive derivatives and the therapeutic use thereof, in particular for treating cancer, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyran derivatives of formula I and processes and intermediates for their preparation and derivatisation, and the use thereof in liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: The invention relates to new phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which Het represents one of the groups ?wherein A, B, D, G, X, Y and Z have the meaning given in the description, several processes and intermediate products for their preparation and their use as pest control agents and herbicides.

Abstract: Compounds which mimic the chemical and/or biological activity of discodermolide are provided and intermediates useful in their preparation.

Abstract: Benzo[b]furan dimers and processes for their preparation are provided. The invention provides a synthetic process for the preparation of benzo[b]furan dimer using mild reaction conditions, which provides a high substituent tolerance and is appropriate for use in solid phase syntheses for producing a library of benzo[b]furan dimers for biological screening.

Abstract: There are described benzoylcyclohexanediones of the formula I, their preparation, and their use as herbicides and plant growth regulators. In this formula (I), C1, C2, C3 are cyclic radicals, X1 is a hetero atom, X2 is a chain of carbon atoms, L is a chain-like element, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are various radicals, and Y and Z are monoatomic bridge elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition having biological activity. The composition includes from about 10 ppm to about 5000 parts iodonium salt. The composition also includes from about 100 ppm to about 300,000 ppm of a compound to act as a carrier of the iodonium compound. The carrier is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates, polyethylene glycols, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol block copolymers, cellulosic polymers, polyesters, alkyd polymers. The composition also includes from about 50 ppm to about 50,000 ppm of a compound to render the composition compatible with a surface being treated. This component is selected from at least one of di-acids, acid anhydrides, polyfunctional acids, di-ethylene glycol, resorcinol and the like. The composition also includes an appropriate vehicle selected from at least one of water, acidified water, paint, primer, and petroleum distillates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for producing a &dgr;-lactone of the formula: using an acyl halide of the formula: wherein R1, R2 R3 and X are described herein, as well as novel intermediates. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselectively producing the (R)-&dgr;-lactone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ether compounds, compositions comprising ether compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: This invention features a 5,6-dihydro-2-pyrone compound of formula (I), wherein R1 is H, OH, or C2˜C5 alkoxyl; and R2 is 2-phenyl ethyl, 2-phenyl ethenyl, 2-heteroaryl ethyl, or 2-heteroaryl ethenyl; in which the phenyl or the heteroaryl is optionally mono-, di-, or tri-substituted with R3, R4, or R5; each of R3, R4, and R5, independently, is Cl, F, Br, I, CN, C1˜C5 alkyl, C1˜C5 alkoxyl, C3˜C5 alkenyloxy, C4˜C6 cycloalkoxyl, C4˜C8 cycloalkyl alkoxyl, C3˜C5 alkoxy alkoxyl, or C1˜C4 alkoxy carbonyl.

Abstract: There is provided benzofuryl-&agr;-pyrone derivative represented by the following structural formula (I): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbons; R2 represents hydrogen, —CO—R5 or —SO2R6; R3 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbons, etc.; and R4 is a substituent attached to the 4-carbon, 5-carbon, 6-carbon or 7 carbon of the benzofuran ring; and their salts. The compounds are useful as therapeutic agent for hypertriglyceridemia, lipid metabolism enhancers, or prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents for arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for producing a &dgr;-lactone of the formula: using an acyl halide of the formula: wherein R1, R2 R3 and X are described herein, as well as novel intermediates. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselectively producing the (R)-&dgr;-lactone.

Abstract: 2-Phenylpyran-4-one derivatives of formula (I): wherein: R1 represents an alkyl or —NR4R5 group, wherein R4 and R5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R2 represents an alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, pyridyl, thienyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl or indanyl group, or a phenyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, methylthio, amino, mono- or dialkylamino, hydroxalkyl or hydroxycarbonyl groups; R3 represents a methyl, hydroxymethyl, alkoxymethyl, C3-C7 cycloalkoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl, hydroxycarbonyl, nitrile, trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl group or a CH2—R6 group wherein R6 represents an alkyl group; and X represents a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a methylene group; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, processes for their production and synthetic intermediates used in said processes, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel compounds of Formula I, which are useful in the treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases. The invention also encompasses certain pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I as well as methods of treating cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a non-toxic therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with odorant compositions which contain macrocycles, namely 15- to 17-membered compounds of the formula: wherein the dotted line signifies an optional additional bond, X and Y stand for methylene or C2-12-polymethylene, optionally substituted with an additional methyl group, and A signifies hydrogen or methyl in the case of the unsaturated compounds and methyl in the case of the saturated compounds, with the proviso that the unsaturated compounds are present to more than 80% in the cis form when A signifies hydrogen and are present to more than 50% in the cis form when A signifies methyl, with the exception of Z-oxacyclopentadec-6-en-2-one (15-membered ring), Z-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (17-membered ring), and Z-oxacycloheptadec-11-en-2-one (17-membered ring), a process for the manufacture of the compounds of formula I and the use of the compounds of formula I as odorants.

Abstract: Synthetic methods for lactone-containing compounds such as the discodermolides are provided, as are compounds which mimic the chemical and/or biological activity thereof, and methods and intermediates useful in their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing myxopyronins and corallopyronins, compounds useful as antibacterial therapeutics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter which are useful for the preparation of pyronin antibiotics.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula: where R3, R4 and n are defined in the specification which comprises hydrogenating a compound of the formula: the E-geometrical isomer thereof or a mixture of the Z- and E-isomers in the presence of catalyst containing Rh, a chiral ligand with at least one phosphorous atom where the hydrogenation is conducted in the presence of a base.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing myxopyronins and corallopyronins, compounds useful as antibacterial therapeutics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter which are useful for the preparation of pyronin antibiotics.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing myxopyronins and corallopyronins, compounds useful as antibacterial therapeutics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter which are useful for the preparation of pyronin antibiotics.

Abstract: Massoialactone is useful for preventing or at least inhibiting growth of a fungus. Accordingly, a fungicidal composition has massoialactone as an active antifungal compound together with an agronomically acceptable carrier therefor. Additional antifungal ingredients can be added to the composition. The composition can be applied to surfaces, including surfaces of plants and plant parts, such as seeds.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel haloenol lactones that are effective as active site inhibitors of cholesterol esterase. By inhibiting cholesterol esterase the inhibitors of the present invention provide a new approach to the treatment of hypercholesterolemia through limiting the bioavailability of dietary cholesterol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel tri- and tetrasubstituted pyrones and related structures which potently inhibit the HIV aspartyl protease blocking HIV infectivity. The pyrone derivatives are useful in the development of therapies for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections and diseases, including AIDS. The present invention is also directed to methods of synthesis of multifunctionalized pyrones and of related structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 5,6-dihydropyrone derivatives and related structures which potently inhibit the HIV aspartyl protease blocking HIV infectivity. The 5,6-dihydropyrone derivatives are useful in the development of therapies for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections and diseases, including AIDS. The present invention is also directed to methods of synthesis of multifunctionalized 5,6-dihydropyrones and of related structures.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel haloenol lactone compounds. These compounds have the following general structure: ##STR1## in which Ar is an aryl group and Y is a haloenol lactone moiety. The compounds of the invention are useful for the specific measurement of particular isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase. Measurement of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes has importance in diagnostic medicine. The compounds of the invention are also useful for treatment of drug resistance in cancer and for preventing herbicide resistance in plants.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently, --CON(R.sup.4)R.sup.5, or a monosaccharide, or acylated monosaccharide group, with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is --CON(R.sup.4)R.sup.5, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are, independently, a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together with the nitrogen atom attached thereto form a 3- to 7-membered saturated cycloaliphatic amino group, and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or --COOR.sup.8 group, and R.sup.3 is at 3- or 4-position, and R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or a salt thereof is disclosed. The compound has a function to inhibit a matrix metalloproteinase.

Abstract: A catalytic process for the manufacture of optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl, which is optionally interrupted by an O atom in a position other than the .alpha.-or .beta.-position, or optionally substituted benzyl,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, optionally substituted benzyl, --CO--R.sup.4, --COOR.sup.4 or --CONR.sub.2.sup.4, andR.sup.4 is lower alkyl or aryl,comprising asymmetrically hydrogenating a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above significance, in the presence of a complex of an optically active, preferably atropisomeric, diphospine ligand with a metal of Group VIII.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a tautomeric mixture of compounds of the formulas ##STR1## wherein W is hydrogen or C.sub.6 H.sub.13, which comprises treating a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy, arylalkoxy, aryloxy or amine and R.sup.1 is hydrogen or when R is alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, substituted amine, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkoxy R.sup.1 can also be metal, with a compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein W is as described above, both X and Y are reducible groups or X is hydrogen and Y is a reducible group or Y is hydrogen and X is a reducible group and, Z is hydroxy or a leaving group to form the compound of formula IV ##STR4## wherein W, X, Y and R are as defined above, the compound of formula IV is treated with a low valent metal to form a tautomeric mixture of compounds of formulas I and Ia, which are useful in the synthesis of tetrahydrolipstatin.

Abstract: A method for controlling insects using nitrophenyl pyrones is described. The pyrones are preferably derived from Streptomyces sp. by a method involving growth and extraction of the pyrones. A novel pyrone, griseulin is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula I: ##STR1## which was isolated from the culture of Streptomyces prunicolor PA-48153 and has biological activity such as immunosuppressive activity, antitumor activity and antifungal activity.

Abstract: There are provided novel and optically active 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxin-4-ones which are useful as starting materials for physiologically active compounds, functional materials or the like. Provided are optically active 5,6-epoxyhexanoic acid esters and novel optically active 6-substituted tetrahydropyran-2-one derivatives.

Abstract: There are provided novel and optically active 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxin-4-ones which are useful as starting materials for physiologically active compounds, functional materials or the like. Furthermore, a method for preparing an optically active compound comprises reacting a racemic 1,3-dioxin-4-one with vinylacetate in the presence of lipase to resolve the racemic compound into optically active compound represented by the formula (3) ##STR1## and an optically active compound represented by the formula (4) ##STR2## which is an antipode of the compound represented by the formula (3).

Abstract: The present invention discloses the antimicrobial utility of certain iodonium ylide compounds. The particular iodonium ylide compounds are phenyl iodonium ylides having an ortho substituent that stabilizes the positive charge on the polyvalent iodine by a nonbonded electrostatic interaction. The polyvalent iodine is further stabilized by a cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl anion.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.2 contains certain aryls or heteroaryls are effective leukotriene inhibitors.

Abstract: .alpha.-Pyrones of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is --CF.sub.3 or --COOR.sup.3 and R.sup.3 is the radical of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alcohol diminished by a hydroxyl group, and R.sup.2 is --F, --Br, --Cl, --CN, --CF.sub.3, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.24 alkaryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 alkaralkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 aryloxy, C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 arylthio, C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 arylsulfonyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.24 alkaryloxy, C.sub.7 -C.sub.24 alkarylthio, C.sub.7 -C.sub.24 alkarylsulfonyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyloxy, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkylthio, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkylsulfonyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 alkaralyloxy, C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 alkaralylthio, C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 alkaralylsulfonyl, secondary amine having 2 to 24 C atoms or trialkylsilyl or trialkoxysilyl each of which has 3 to 18 C atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to .alpha.-pyrones of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is chloro or bromo and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, chloro or bromo. The halogen in 4-position can be replaced, for example, by alkoxy, alkylthio or secondary amino. The .alpha.-pyrones are suitable diene components for Diels-Alder reactions.

Abstract: A purified isolate of an actinomycete identified as ATCC 39366 is capable of producing the anti-microbial compound CL-1957B which also exhibits antitumor properties.The antimicrobial compound CL-1957B is produced by cultivating isolate ATCC 39366 under aerobic conditions in a culture medium containing assimilable sources of carbon and nitrogen until a substantial quantity of the CL-1957B compound is produced, and subsequently isolating the compound.The antibiotic compound CL-1957B, its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, the pharmaceutical compositions comprising this substance together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is also disclosed, as are methods of treating microbial infections and tumors in mammals, employing these pharmaceutical compositions.