Abstract: Materials and methods for preparing reactive lignin and for preparing a bio-based adhesive are described herein.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid salts of tertiary amines for use as an accelerator for an anhydride based epoxy curing agents are disclosed. The disclosed carboxylic acid salts of certain tertiary amines are latent anhydride accelerators and enable epoxy resin curing when heated to an elevated temperature (e.g., an onset temperature of greater than about 50° C.).

Abstract: Intermediates and methods of their use in the synthesis of analogs of halichondrin B are provided.

Abstract: Intermediates and methods of their use in the synthesis of anslogs of halichondrin B are provided.

Abstract: Intermediates and methods of their use in the synthesis of analogs of halichondrin B are provided.

Abstract: A means and method for treating malaria, schistosomiasis, and cancer using a spiro or dispiro 1,2,4-trioxolane is described. The preferred 1,2,4-trioxolanes include a spiroadamantane group on one side of the trioxolane group, and a spirocyclohexyl on the other side of the trioxolane group. In comparison to artemisinin semisynthetic derivatives, the compounds of this invention are structurally simple, easy to synthesize, non-toxic, and potent against malarial parasites. The compounds of the invention unexpectedly provide a single-dose cure for malaria, as well as prophylactic activity against the same. The compounds are also active against schistosomiasis and cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds containing at least one —CF2—O— bridge in the molecule, in which a) an acid is added onto at least one ketene dithioketal, b) the resultant bis(alkylthio)carbenium salt is reacted with at least one compound having at least one hydroxyl group in the presence of a base, c) and subsequently, preferably in situ, the resultant dithioorthoester is subjected to oxidative fluorodesulfurisation using a fluorinating agent and an oxidant to give the compound containing at least one —CF2—O— bridge in the molecule.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a one-step process for the preparation of fructopyranose sulfamate derivatives of the general formula (I) wherein X, R1, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described in the specification.

Abstract: The present application describes novel spiro-cyclic ?-amino acid derivatives of formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, wherein ring B is a 3-13 membered carbocycle or heterocycle, ring C forms a 3-11 membered spiro-carbocycle or spiro-heterocycleon ring B, and the other variables are defined in the present specification, which are useful as as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), TNF-? converting enzyme (TACE), and/or aggrecanase inhibitors.

Abstract: Benzoic acid derivatives useful as intermediates for the preparation of drugs and agricultural chemicals, particularly compounds having herbicidal activity; and easy and economical processes for the preparation of the same. The processes are specifically those represented by reaction formula for the preparation of compounds represented by general formulae (1) and (6).

Abstract: Oxidative cyclization of bis-naphthyl ethers allows concise total syntheses of palmarumycin CP1 and deoxypreussomerin A in 8-9 steps and 15-35% overall yield from 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-tetralone. A small library of palmarumycin analogs was created. Biological evaluation of these naphthoquinone spiroketals against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells revealed several low-micromolar growth inhibitors. A number of the analogs inhibit the thioredoxin—thioredoxin reductase system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specific photochromic 3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran derivatives and to their use in plastics of all types, especially for ophthalmic purposes. In particular, the present invention relates to spiro compounds derived from naphthopyrans and having a fluorene structure, referred to as spirofluorenopyrans, in which an annelated ring system is joined by a spiro bond to the central carbon atom of the fluorene structure.

Abstract: Described are novel photochromic benzopyrano-fused naphthopyran compounds, examples of which are naphthopyran compounds having a substituted or unsubstituted benzopyran group fused to one side of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran and having certain substituents at the position ortho to the oxygen atom of the naphthopyran ring. These compounds may be represented by the following: ##STR1## Also described are polymeric organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., certain other naphthopyrans, benzopyrans, and spiro(indoline)type compounds.

Abstract: Described are novel photochromic benzopyrano-fused naphthopyran compounds, examples of which are naphthopyran compounds having a substituted or unsubstituted benzopyran group fused to one side of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran and having certain substituents at the position ortho to the oxygen atom of the naphthopyran ring. These compounds may be represented by the following graphic formulae: ##STR1## Also described are polymeric organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., certain other naphthopyrans, nenzopyrans, and spiro(indoline)type compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new tetradentate bis-amido bis-alkoxo, 1,2-(bis-2,20diphenyl-2-hydroxyethanamido)benzene (H.sub.4 PHAB) and various derivatives thereof. This ligand is able to stabilize high valen metal oxo complexes by providing strong sigma donor ligands and through the use of steric bulk to prevent decomposition via formation of the .mu.-oxo dimers. Disclosed are novel metal oxo structural chemistry and oxidation reactions carried out with the novel metal oxo complexes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel bicycloaliphatic 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepanes, which are suitable as starting materials for the preparation of polymers and copolymers, preferably of composite and dental materials. The 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepanes according to the invention, which can undergo radical polymerisation with ring opening with only very little volume shrinkage, can be prepared in a simple manner, are easy to purify and to modify chemically, and are characterised by lack of odour and advantageous physical properties.

Abstract: Chiral catalysts for enantioselectively epoxidizing a prochiral olefin and for enantioselectively oxidizing a prochiral sulfide are disclosed, together with methods of using such catalysts. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the catalyst is a salen derivative which has the following general structure: ##STR1## In accordance with another aspect of the present invention is a method of, producing an epoxychroman using a chiral catalyst. In accordance with this method, a chromene derivative, an oxygen atom source, and a chiral catalyst are reacted under such conditions and for such time as is needed to epoxidize said chromene derivative. In accordance with yet another aspect of this invention is a method of enantioselectively epoxidizing a cis-cinnamate derivative to make taxol or an analog thereof. In accordance with another aspect a method of disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide using the catalysts of the present invention is disclosed.

Abstract: Described are novel photochromic indeno-fused naphthopyran compounds, examples of which are naphthopyran compounds having a substituted or unsubstituted indeno group, the 2,1 positions of which are fused to the f side of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran, and certain substituents at the 3-position of the pyran ring. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13 carbon atoms of the compounds. These compounds may be represented by the following graphic formula: ##STR1## Also described are polymeric organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Optically clear articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., certain other naphthopyrans, benzopyrans, and spiro(indoline)type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound. That compound is converted to a novel compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 each independently is alkyl of 3 to 14 carbon atoms, which is used to make novel anti-inflammatories.

Abstract: A process for producing chlorosulfate and sulfamate esters of 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-.beta.-D-fructopyranose and (1-methylcyclohexyl)methanol is disclosed. The process involves a two step procedure involving in the first step reacting of an alcohol with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of a tertiary or heterocyclic amine base in a solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene, t-butyl methyl ether or tetrahydrofuran to produce a chlorosulfate intermediate, which is preferably stabilized by an aqueous wash and/or treatment with a base, and in the second step reacting of the resulting intermediate with an amine in a solvent selected from the group consisting of t-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and lower alkanol.

Abstract: A physical property-improving reagent which comprises an alkenoylcarbamate compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, X is an oxygen atom (--O--), a sulfur atom (--S--) or a substituted or unsubstituted imino group (--NR'--), R' being a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and Y is the residue of an active hydrogen atom-containing compound excluding --X--H therefrom dissolved in an organic solvent having a solubility parameter of not less than 8, which can impart excellent physical properties to a polymer produced with the same.

Abstract: Bicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptanes, bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octanes and bicyclo-[2,2,3]-nonanes, having 2 or 3 ring hetero atoms selected from O, S and N, substituted at the 1-position by a 4-alkynylphenyl group and at the 4-position and optionally at the 3 and/or 5-position are valuable pesticides, particularly insecticides and acaracides. The compounds may be prepared by reacting an alkyne with the corresponding 4-iodophenyl substituted compounds or by debromination of the corresponding 4-dibromomethylphenyl substituted compound.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: X is hydrogen or lower alkoxy;Y is hydrogen, exo-(lower alkyl) or endo-(lower alkyl);n is an integer from 2-4;R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl; andR.sub.3 is linear or branched alkyl, ##STR2## --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -phenyl or --CH.sub.2 O-phenyl; in which any phenyl may be optionally substituted with lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, or halogen, anda is an integer of 0, 1 or 2;b is an integer of 3-7;m is an integer of 0, 1 or 2,as a mixture or separately in a sequence starting from an epoxide represented by the formula ##STR3## and processes for making the novel intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing optically active carbacyclin intermediate products from racemic cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2-carboxylic acids. This process makes it possible in an advantageous way to produce important intermediates for the synthesis of stable and pharmacologically active carbacyclin derivatives.

Abstract: A method of preparing an acetal or ketal from a corresponding aldehyde or ketone is disclosed. A hydrous oxide of an element of Group IV of the Periodic Table is used as a catalyst, and the aldehyde or ketone is caused to react with an alcohol. The hydrous oxide can be obtained by partially dehydrating a hydroxide of the corresponding element. The method does not require an acid catalyst and is applicable to a carbonyl compound which is not stable in acids.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dimeric aromatic acyl cyanide of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl or hetaryl,comprising reaction an acyl halide of the formulaAr--CO--Halin whichHal is fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with an alkali metal cyanide in a two-phase system comprising water and a water-immiscible or only sparingly water-miscible aliphatic ketone, and in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst. The products are known intermediates for pesticides.

Abstract: 2,6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes of compounds of the formula (1a) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2' stands for C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkyl or a group of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.11 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.12 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl;n is 0 or 1;p is 1 to 4;r is 1 to 4; andR.sup.3' and R.sup.4' are each C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, or pharmaceutically salts thereof are disclosed, having analgesic activity.

Abstract: Sulfamates of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is O or CH.sub.2 and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as herein defined have been found to exhibit anticonvulsant activity and are thus useful in the treatment of conditions such as epilepsy. Further, pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of formula (I) as well as methods for their use and intermediates form part of the present invention.

Abstract: Sulfamates of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is O or CH.sub.2 and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as herein defined have been found to exhibit anticonvulsant activity and are thus useful in the treatment of conditions such as epilepsy. Further, pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of formula (I) as well as methods for their use and intermediates form part of the present invention.

Abstract: Compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R and R' represent hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical or acyl radical,R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical of aliphatic or aromatic character,R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical of higher aliphatic or aromatic character,it being possible forR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together to represent also an optionally substituted alkylene radical or an optionally substituted biphenyl-2,2'-ylene radical,whereby however, when R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen, R' cannot be methyl and salts of such compounds that contain a salt-forming grouping, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds.The pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds are particularly valuable for treating liver and veneous diseases.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## R.sub.1 is hydrogen, benzyl or alkanoyl, X is C.sub.2-4 alkylene; andZ-W is alkyl, phenylalkyl or pyridylalkyl which can have an oxygen atom as part of the alkyl chain and their use as CNS agents, antidiarrheals and antiemetics. Processes for their preparation and intermediates therefor are described.