Abstract: Biomass extracts with high protein and nutritional value and methods for making the same are disclosed. Such extracts may include cakes with low residual oil and high levels of desirable constituents and oils that require little to no downstream processing upon extraction from the biomass. Also includes methods of extracting desirable products from an oil bearing biomass.

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel sphingolipid-polyalkylamines conjugates, a process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. In particular, the present invention concerns ceramide based polyalkylamine conjugates and its use as a capturing agent. A preferred ceramide polyalkylamine conjugate is a ceramide-spermine conjugate, more preferably, N-palmitoyl D-erythro sphingosyl-1-carbamoyl spermine.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention are to provide a compound which is useful as a surface modifier for producing a drug carrier or the like, or a salt thereof; a fine particle comprising the same; and the like.

Abstract: A shelf-stable consumable composition may comprise one or more Probiotic-Mimicking Elements (PMEs) wherein the median particle size of the one or more PMEs is less than the median particle size of a probiotic from which the one or more PMEs were derived. In some embodiments, the median particle size of the one or more PMEs may be less than about 0.2 microns. In some embodiments, the PMEs may comprise at least one of peptides, fatty acids, bacteriocins, cell surface proteins, phospholipids, teichoic acids, and nucleic acids, and may be combined with one or more prebiotics, such as oligosaccharides, inulin, short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, soyoligosaccharides, and lactulose/lactitol. Methods for preparing and using a shelf-stable consumable composition for promoting digestive health in a subject are also described.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for extracting and separating polar lipids, including phospholipids, from materials containing oil, polar lipid, protein, ash, and/or carbohydrate, such as egg yolks and other phospholipid-containing materials. In particular, methods for extracting phospholipids from phospholipid-containing materials through the use of an aliphatic alcohol and control of temperature are disclosed. Using these methods, phospholipids in the aqueous liquid fraction will be efficiently separated and will precipitate readily, and can be subjected to separation for improved purity.

Abstract: To provide a highly active LPA and a method of screening therewith. There is provided a method of screening a preventive and/or therapeutic substance for diseases in which LPA takes part, characterized in that a compound represented by any of formula (I), (II) and (III): [wherein the meaning of characters are described in the description] is used. The compounds obtained by the screening method or the screening kit of the present invention, their salts, their solvates and prodrugs thereof would modulate the binding of highly active LPA with LPA receptor in human and other mammals, so that they can be used as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for diseases in which LPA takes part, for example, urinary diseases, central nervous diseases, inflammatory diseases, circulatory diseases, cancer, diabetes, immune system disorders and alimentary diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel phosphoric triesters which comprise apolar lipid structures.

Abstract: A lubricant from plant and/or animal oils and fats; a method for producing a lubricating oil, and the oil produced thereby. The lubricant comprises a diester produced by epoxidising an animal or plant fat or oil having an iodine number above about 7 and reacting the epoxidised oil or fat with a carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of a basic catalyst.

Abstract: A method for processing vegetable oil miscella is provided. The method includes steps of feeding vegetable oil miscella to a conditioned polymeric microfiltration membrane, and recovering a permeate stream having a decreased weight percent of phospholipids compared with the weight percent of phospholipids provided in the miscella. The retentate stream can be further processed for the recovery of lecithin. The polymeric microfiltration membrane can be conditioned for the selective separation of phospholipids in the miscella. A method for conditioning a membrane for selective separation of phospholipids from vegetable oil miscella, and the resulting membrane, are provided. The membrane which can be conditioned can be characterized as having an average pore size of between about 0.1? and about 2?.

Abstract: New targeting or therapeutic compounds which can be incorporated into a composition of gas-filled microvesicles. The invention further relates to gas-filled microvesicles for diagnostic and/or therapeutic use comprising said compounds and to their method of use. The new compounds are compounds of formula M-S-T, wherein: M represents a component capable of associating with an envelope of a gas-filled microvesicle; T represents a component comprising a targeting ligand or a therapeutic agent; and S represents a component comprising at least two bissulfone groups.

Abstract: Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Abstract: There are provided various polyunsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof. These compounds can be useful as cancer chemopreventive agents, cancer treating agent, inhibiting tumor growth or cell proliferation, reducing tumor growth or as radioenhencers for radiotherapy of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising a water-insoluble pharmaceutically active ingredient or a substance having low water solubility, and a compound represented by Structural Formula (I): in which A is: The present invention further relates to methods of solubilizing substances of low water solubility, and methods of preparing compositions suitable for intravenous administration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel phosphoric triesters which comprise apolar lipid structures.

Abstract: Cationic lipid compositions are provided that are useful for efficient delivery of macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, into a wide variety of eukaryotic cell types. Methods for using the compositions also are provided.

Abstract: Novel synthetic forms of etherified oxidized phospholipids and methods of utilizing same for preventing and treating atherosclerosis and other related disorders, as well as inflammatory disorders, immune mediated diseases, autoimmune diseases and proliferative disorders, are provided. In addition, methods of synthesizing etherified and esterified oxidized phospholipids and of using same for preventing and treating atherosclerosis and other related disorders are also provided.

Abstract: Procedure for the obtaining a concentrate of the total fixed lipids of the kernels of the family Sapotaceae, genus Calocarpum, Chrysophyllum and Lucuma. The kernels (seeds removed of the endocarp), are squeezed by means of mechanical techniques that use pressure and heat, without using extractive liquids, getting a concentrate of lipidic juices (virgin) in a dry way and with their characteristic aroma. This concentrate of total fixed lipids can be fractioned in its main constituents by means of a process that consist of the emulsification of the lipids, followed by centrifugation or sedimentation, giving place to the stratification of the main constituents and their consequent separations. The main constituent consist of oils, of phospholipids and of residues glucosidic triterpenes plus of sterols fractions.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is new substances which are derived from naturally occurring ceramides and sphingosine and also from synthetic compounds with principally the same structure in that they represent dimers, trimers, tetramers etc., hence i.e. oligomers of the initial substances.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to synthesize a carba cyclic phosphatidic acid derivative having a novel structure by substituting O at position sn-2 of the glycerol skeleton with CH2, and study the action of the obtained derivative to suppress cancer cell invasion. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group containing 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkynyl group containing 2 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein these groups may comprise a cycloalkane ring or aromatic ring; and M represents a hydrogen atom or counter cation.

Abstract: A phospholipid derivative represented by the following formula (1): wherein [PG]k represents a residue of polyglycerin having a polymerization degree of k, wherein k is 2 to 50, R1CO and R2CO independently represent an acyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, symbol “a” independently represents an integer of 0 to 5, symbol “b” independently represents 0 or 1, M represents hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium, or an organic ammonium, and k1, k2, and k3 represent numbers satisfying the following conditions: 1?k1?(k+2)/2, 0?k2, and k1+k2+k3=k+2. The phospholipid derivative is highly safe for living bodies and can be suitably utilized in drug delivery systems such as liposome, and the like.

Abstract: Fluorogenic lysophosphatidic acid derivatives which can be used as substrates in a continuous, fluorogenic assay that can be performed in microtiter plates. The assays permit measuring LysoPLD activity levels in normal events such as pregnancy or disease states such as cancer. In addition, the present invention can be adopted to high throughout screening (HTS) for identification of potential inhibitors of lysoPLD activity.

Abstract: A phospholipid derivative represented by the formula (1) (Z represents a residue of a compound having 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups; AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R1CO and R2CO represent an acyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, ammonium or an organic ammonium; “a” represents an integer of 0 to 4; “b” represents 0 or 1; Q represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; m represents an average number of moles of the oxyalkylene group added; and m, k1, k2, and k3 are numbers satisfying the following conditions: 3?m?200, 9?m×(k1+k2+k3)?1000, 1?k1?2, 0?k2?9 and 0?k3?9, and 3?k1+k2+k3?10), which is highly safe for living bodies, and is suitably used for solubilization and dispersion of physiologically active substances and the like, or in the fields of drug delivery systems such as liposomes and cosmetics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phospholipid dreivative having a substituted or unsubstituted polyhydroxylated aliphatic carbocycle attached to the sn-1 or sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, a pharmaceutical composition comprising said phospholipid, a method for preparing said phospholipid and a medicament comprising said phospholipid.

Abstract: Described herein are synthetically modified fullerene molecules, wherein the fullerene is preferably ellipsoid in shape with an equatorial band and two opposing poles, comprising an adduct at one or both poles, at least one adduct being a hydrophobic chemical moiety capable of anchoring the fullerene on or in a lipid membrane.

Abstract: The invention relates to phospholipid-like compounds having defined apolar constituents and to the use of such compounds as liposomes, active ingredients, and solubilizers.

Abstract: There are provided novel thermally stable surfactants for use with fillers in the preparation of polymer composites and nanocomposites. Typically, surfactants of the invention are urethanes, ureas or esters of thiocarbamic acid having a hydrocarbyl group of from 10 to 50 carbons and optionally including an ionizable or charged group (e.g., carboxyl group or quaternary amine). Thus, there are provided surfactants having Formula I: wherein the variables are as defined herein. Further provided are methods of making thermally stable surfactants and compositions, including composites and nanocomposites, using fillers coated with the surfactants.

Abstract: This disclosure describes structural elements that enhance fusogenicity of lipids and lipid assemblies (e.g. liposomes) with biological membranes, in particular cell membranes, and use of such structures. The elements are pH sensitive in terms of charge and hydrophilicity and undergo a polar—apolar transition when exposed to low pH.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of highly polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid by phospholipase D-catalyzed transphosphatidylation of fish liver phosphatidylcholine and L-serine is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the reduction of residual peroxides in vegetable oils, preferably epoxidized vegetable oils using a phosphorous compound preferably alkyl/aryl substituted phosphite compounds or hypophosphorous acid and its derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention is a phosphorylcholine-containing chemical compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2). (CH3)3N+CH2CH2PO4?CH2COOH ??(1) (CH3)3N+CH2CH2PO4?CH2COONa ??(2) The object of the present invention is to provide a new phosphorylcholine-containing compound that is useful as a surface treatment agent or a source material of a surface treatment agent. Another object is to provide a manufacturing method that has a high industrial utility value.

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel sphingolipid-polyalkylamines conjugates, a process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. In particular, the present invention concerns ceramide based polyalkylamine conjugates and its use as a capturing agent. A preferred ceramide polyalkylamine conjugate is a ceramide-spermine conjugate, more preferably, N-palmitoyl D-erythro sphingosyl-1-carbamoyl spermine.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to compounds and methods of making the compounds having the formula: where X is a functional group chosen from: and wherein R is chosen from hydrogen, n-alkyl, iso-alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and nitrogen or a sulfur containing group, and n ranges from 0 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for producing an oil based phosphate containing product. The continuous process includes mixing water with at least one base and an orthophosphoric acid to produce a liquid phosphate salt containing solution. This solution is then dried, granulated, and mixed with a base stock hydrocarbon to form the oil based phosphate containing product.

Abstract: In order to form liposomes with a longer half-life in blood, use is made of defined formula (A)

Abstract: The present invention encompasses compounds or Formula (I): as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates thereof. The compounds are useful for treating immune mediated diseases and conditions, such as bone marrow, organ and tissue transplant rejection. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are included.

Abstract: Methods for administering mitomycin C to a multi-drug resistant cell and for reducing the toxicity of the compound are described. In the methods, mitoymic C is provided in the form of a prodrug conjugate, where the drug is linked to a hydrophobic moiety, such as a lipid, through a cleavable dithiobenzyl linkage. The dithiobenzyl linkage is susceptible to cleavage by mild thiolysis, resulting in release of mitomycin C in its original form. The linkage is stable under nonreducing conditions. The prodrug conjugate can be incorporated into liposomes for administration in vivo and release of mitomycin C in response to endogenous in vivo reducing conditions or in response to administration of an exogenous reducing agent.

Abstract: Conjugates of a hydrophobic moiety, such as a lipid, linked through a cleavable dithiobenzyl linkage to a therapeutic agent are described. The dithiobenzyl linkage is susceptible to cleavage by mild thiolysis, resulting in release of the therapeutic agent in its original form. The linkage is stable under nonreducing conditions. The conjugate can be incorporated into liposomes for administration in vivo and release of the therapeutic agent in response to endogeneous in vivo reducing conditions or in response to administration of an exogeneous reducing agent.

Abstract: A phospholipidic composition with an L-&agr;-glycerophosphatidyl-choline concentration of at least 10% by weight is described, where said composition is granular and also contains, in addition to L-&agr;-glycerophosphatidylcholine, at least one granulation aid selected from the group consisting of a monophosphate, diphosphate or triphosphate of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of treating diseases and disorders related to immune responses by administering one or more immunomodulatory compounds. In particular, the invention is directed to methods of stimulating and reducing immune responses, treating autoimmune conditions, treating allergic reactions and asthma, and preventing ischemic damage and asthma by administering one or more immunomodulatory compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for improving the efficiency of a drug containing a free carboxy group, the improvement comprising esterifying said carboxy group to the hydroxy group of the glycerol portion of a glycerolphospholipid ester having the formula: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein one of R1 and R2 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl fatty acid acyl group having 4-26 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl heteroatom fatty acid acyl group having 3-25 carbon atoms, or and R is a naturally occurring polar head group characteristic of a glycerophospholipid isolated from endogenous sources; R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R4 is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing from 1-18 carbon atoms in a principal chain and up to a total of 23 carbon atoms, said principal chain may contain 1-5 double bonds or 1-2 triple bonds; phenyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with lower alkyl; naphthyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with low

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for protecting cells from injury due to intrinsic membrane lysis, oxidation and/or invasion by destructive agents. Even more particularly, the present invention provides compositions and methods for treating or prophylactically inhibiting phospholipase mediated injury, injury due to oxidation, and inflammation. In a very specific sense, this invention provides compositions and methods of making these compositions that are inhibitors of phospholipase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds according to formula (I) as disclosed herein as well as pharmaceutical compositions which include those compounds. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds, which have activity as agonists or as antagonists of LPA receptors; such methods including inhibiting LPA activity on an LPA receptor, modulating LPA receptor activity, treating cancer, enhancing cell proliferation, and treating a wound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of epothilone analogs by initially forming novel ring-opened epothilones and carrying out a macrolactamization reaction thereon. The subject process is amenable to being carried out in a single reaction vessel without isolation of the intermediate compound and provides at least about a three-fold increase in yield over prior processes for preparing the desired epothilone analogs.

Abstract: Synthetic methods for convenient large scale preparation of D-erythro sphingosines and ceramides of high isomeric purity are described.

Abstract: This application relates to a novel compound of formula I, as defined herein, processes and intermediates for its preparation and the use of the compound of formula I as a substrate for a pharmaceutical screen.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for protecting cells from injury due to intrinsic membrane lysis, oxidation and/or invasion by destructive agents. Even more particularly, the present invention provides compositions and methods for treating or prophylactically inhibiting phospholipase mediated injury, injury due to oxidation, and inflammation. In a very specific sense, this invention provides compositions and methods of making these compositions that are inhibitors of phospholipase.

Abstract: In order to form liposomes with a longer half-life in blood, use is made of defined with the general formula (A)

Abstract: The invention involves the formation of a prodrug from a fatty acid carrier and a neuroactive drug. The prodrug is stable in the environment of both the stomach and the bloodstream and may be delivered by ingestion. The prodrug passes readily through the blood brain barrier. Once in the central nervous system, the prodrug is hydrolyzed into the fatty acid carrier and the drug to release the drug. In a preferred embodiment, the carrier is 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 docosahexa-enoic acid and the drug is dopamine. Both are normal components of the central nervous system. The covalent bond between the drug and the carrier preferably is an amide bond, which bond may survive the conditions in the stomach. Thus, the prodrug may be ingested and will not be hydrolyzed completely into the carrier molecule and drug molecule in the stomach.

Abstract: Applicant has probed the Edg2 lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor with a series of LPA analogs to determine receptor activation. The present invention is drawn to a series of LPA analogs which function as Edg2 receptor agonists, and methods of using such compounds to activate the Edg2 receptor of the surface of a cell. The compounds of the invention comprise a glycerol backbone with an Sn1 ester-linked saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, substitutions of the hydroxyl group (—OH) at carbon two of the glycerol backbone, and optional replacement of the phosphate di-anion with either a hydroxyl group or a dimethylated phosphate. These LPA analogs may find uses in cancer and neurological disorders.

Abstract: The invention consists of a compound of the general formula (I) below: 1