Abstract: A process is provided for control of an ammoxidation reactor. More specifically, the process includes controlling an amount of oxygen added to the reactor, steam temperature and linear velocity to minimize reactor temperature deviations.

Abstract: A feed gas feeding system for a propylene ammoxidation reactor comprises a feed gas mixing system and a feed distributor, wherein a propylene and ammonia mixed gas is mixed by the feed gas mixing system and then uniformly distributed in the propylene ammoxidation reactor by the feed distributor. The initial temperature T0 when the propylene and ammonia mixed gas enters the feed distributor is 10-220° C. The feed gas feeding system can prevent the temperature of the gas mixture at any position in the feed distributor from reaching a temperature at which ammonia decomposes into active nitrogen atoms, thereby reducing a risk of brittle nitriding fractures of the feed distributor.

Abstract: A process for producing unsaturated nitrile, using a fluidized bed reactor having an internal space having a catalyst capable of being fluidized therein, a feed opening to feed a starting material gas comprising hydrocarbon to the internal space, and a discharge port to discharge a reaction product gas from the internal space, the process comprising a reaction step of subjecting the hydrocarbon to a vapor phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction in the presence of the catalyst in the internal space to produce the corresponding unsaturated nitrile, wherein when in the internal space, a space where an existing amount of the catalyst per unit volume is 150 kg/m3 or more is defined as a dense zone and a space where an existing amount of the catalyst per unit volume is less than 150 kg/m3 is defined as a sparse zone in the reaction step, a gas residence time in the sparse zone is 5 to 50 sec.

Abstract: A process is presented for the dehydrogenation of paraffins. The process utilizes heated air for the combustion of a fuel within the dehydrogenation reactor to provide the heat of reaction for oxidative dehydrogenation. The nitrogen in the air is utilized as a diluent. A paraffin feedstream is mixed with a fuel, and the fuel/paraffin feedstream is mixed with an oxidant air stream at the inlet of dehydrogenation reactor.

Abstract: A methanation reactor for reacting dihydrogen with a carbon-based compound and producing methane. The reactor has a hollow body configured to receive a fluidized bed of catalytic particles, an inlet for each carbon-based compound and dihydrogen, and an outlet for methane and water. A water inlet is provided to inject liquid-phase cooling water into the fluidized bed. When each carbon-based compound is a gas, the reactor has at least one water-injection nozzle and at least one gas injection nozzle for a gas consisting of the carbon-based gas and dihydrogen, and at least one water-injection nozzle positioned below the gas-injection nozzle. The flow rate of water introduced into the hollow body can depend on the temperature measured in the reactor.

Abstract: A method for producing a conjugated diolefin that can suppress reaction byproducts with high boiling point from remaining in steps following a quenching step by a quenching tower, and producing a conjugated diolefin (e.g., 1,3-butadiene) that can be used as a raw material for synthetic rubber, resin and the like, even when using an industrial grade mixed hydrocarbon that may not necessarily have a high purity as a raw material to produce the conjugated diolefin (e.g., butadiene). The method includes a step of producing a product gas by reaction containing a conjugated diolefin by feeding a hydrocarbon containing a monoolefin having 4 or more carbon atoms and oxygen to a reactor accommodated with a catalyst containing a metal oxide and a carrier, and a step of sending the product gas by reaction to a quenching tower and washing with a quenching agent (e.g., an organic amine aqueous solution).

Abstract: The invention is to a process for producing an acrylate product. The process includes the steps of contacting an alkanoic acid and an alkylenating agent over a catalyst composition under conditions effective to produce the acrylate product. The catalyst composition comprises vanadium, bismuth and titanium. Preferably, the catalyst comprises 0.3 wt % to 30 wt % vanadium, 0.1 wt % to 69 wt % bismuth and 0.1 wt % to 61 wt % tungsten, in an active phase.

Abstract: Catalytic compositions are provided that are effective for providing increased acrylonitrile product without a significant decrease in hydrogen cyanide and/or acetonitrile production and provide an overall increase in production of acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile. The catalytic compositions include a complex of metal oxides and include at least about 15% m-phase plus t-phase by weight and have a weight ratio of m-phase to m-phase plus t-phase of 0.45 or greater.

Abstract: A process for preparing at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of a hydrocarbon by partially dehydrogenating at least one saturated hydrocarbon H under heterogeneous catalysis and using the resulting product gas mixture A, which comprises the partially dehydrogenated hydrocarbon H, as such or in modified form for heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation of the partially dehydrogenated hydrocarbon present in the product gas mixture A, said process including at least one mechanical separating operation inserted between the product gas mixture A and the heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation.

Abstract: The process for manufacturing unsaturated mononitriles, such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, has been modified to add a partially condensed quench effluent stripper column to remove high boiling organic compounds from the reactor effluent prior to introduction into the extractive distillation recovery column. The high boiling organic compounds are preferably removed after the ammonia in the reactor effluent has been neutralized and the neutralization products have been removed. The targeted high boiling organic compounds are associated with fouling in the recovery section of the plant.

Abstract: A particulate porous ammoxidation catalyst for use in producing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by reacting propylene, isobutene or tert-butyl alcohol with molecular oxygen and ammonia in a fluidized-bed reactor, the catalyst comprising a metal oxide and a silica carrier having supported thereon the metal oxide, wherein the metal oxide contains at least two elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, vanadium, antimony, tellurium and niobium, and the catalyst having a particle diameter distribution wherein the amount of catalyst particles having a particle diameter of from 5 to 200 ?m is from 90 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the catalyst, and having a pore distribution wherein the cumulative pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 80 ? or less is not more than 20%, based on the total pore volume of the catalyst and wherein the cumulative pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 1,000 ? or more is not more than 20%, based on the total pore volume of the

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst composition which does not contain antimony or molybdenum for the vapor phase ammoxidation of alkanes of the general empirical formula: VWaBibMcOx wherein M is one or more elements selected from sodium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, barium, boron, yttrium, indium, aluminum, gallium, tin, titanium, silicon, zirconium, germanium, niobium and tantalum, a is 0.2 to 10, b is 0.5 to 5, c is 0 to 10 and x is determined by the valence requirements of the elements present. The catalyst precursor is precipitated from a solution or slurry of compounds of vanadium, tungsten, bismuth and, optionally, M, then separated, dried and calcined to give a phase or combination of phases active in the ammoxidation of low-weight paraffins to the corresponding unsaturated mononitriles. Nitriles may be produced in a gas phase catalytic reaction of alkanes with ammonia and oxygen in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for preparing at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of propylene, the propylene is obtained from crude propane by dehydrogenating and subjected in the presence of unconverted propane as a constituent of a gas mixture 2 which comprises a total C4-hydrocarbon content of ?3% by volume to a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation and/or partial gas phase ammoxidation.

Abstract: An improved catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide, either promoted or not, is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated nitrites from the corresponding alkanes which comprises the steps: a) feeding an alkane into a dehydrogenation zone and catalytically dehydrogenating the alkane to the corresponding alkene to obtain a product gas stream A which comprises the alkene, unconverted alkane and possibly one or more further gas components selected from the group consisting of steam, hydrogen, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons having a lower boiling point than the alkane or the alkene (low-boilers), nitrogen and noble gases, b) at least partially removing further gas components from the product gas stream A to give a feed gas stream B which comprises the alkane and the alkene, c) feeding the feed gas stream B, ammonia, an oxygen-containing gas and, if desired, steam into an oxidation zone and catalytically ammoxidizing the alkene to the corresponding unsaturated nitrile to give a product gas stream C which comprises the unsaturated nitrile, ammoxidation by-products, unconverte

Abstract: Process for preparing at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of propylene, in which the propylene is produced from crude propane by dehydrogenation and is subjected to a heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation and/or partial gas-phase ammoxidation in the presence of unreacted propane as constituent of a gas mixture 2 containing <1% by volume of 1-butene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for gas-solid contacting in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor by: (a) introducing into a reactor with bed length to bed diameter ratio below about 5.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yield of acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a carboxylic acid, ammonia and air into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, carboxylic acid, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for gas-solid contacting in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor by: (a) introducing into a reactor with bed length to bed diameter ratio below about 5.

Abstract: A process is described for the recovery of acrylonitrile from an ammoxidation reactor effluent stream containing acrylonitrile, water, and organic impurities. The process includes the steps of (a) quenching an ammoxidation reactor effluent stream that includes acrylonitrile, water, and organic impurities with an aqueous quench stream, thereby producing a cooled reactor effluent stream; (b) passing the cooled reactor effluent stream through an absorption column, thereby generating an absorber bottoms stream that includes water, acrylonitrile, and organic impurities; and (c) passing the absorber bottoms stream through a single recovery/stripper column, generating an acrylonitrile-rich overhead stream, a lean water side stream, and a recovery/stripper bottoms stream that includes organic impurities. The acrylonitrile-rich overhead stream can be passed through a decanter to separate water from acrylonitrile. The lean water side stream can be recycled for use in the absorption column.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated nitrites from the corresponding alkanes which comprises the steps:

Abstract: A process for preparing at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of a hydrocarbon by partially dehydrogenating at least one saturated hydrocarbon H under heterogeneous catalysis and using the resulting product gas mixture A, which comprises the partially dehydrogenated hydrocarbon H, as such or in modified form for heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation of the partially dehydrogenated hydrocarbon present in the product gas mixture A, said process including at least one mechanical separating operation inserted between the product gas mixture A and the heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: Organic compounds are prepared by heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation of precursor compounds by a process in which a portion of the reaction gas starting mixture is brought from a low initial pressure to a higher final pressure by means of a radial compressor.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for recovery and refining of valuable nitrogen-containing organic compounds formed by catalytic oxidation of least one feed compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, isobutane and isobutylene in the presence of ammonia to produce a gaseous. Processes of the invention include quenching the gaseous reactor effluent with an aqueous quench liquid; forming an aqueous solution comprising the corresponding unsaturated mononitrile, hydrogen cyanide and other organic co-products; and using an integrated sequence of distillations and phase separations to recover for recycle of a useful aqueous liquid, and obtain the desired nitrogen-containing products. According to the invention aqueous solutions are fractionated in an integrated system of multi-stage columns while an effective polymerization inhibiting amount of at least one member of a preselected class of p-phenylenediamine compounds is maintained therein.

Abstract: In a process for preparing at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of propylene, the propylene is obtained from crude propane by dehydrogenating and subjected in the presence of unconverted propane as a constituent of a gas mixture 2 which comprises a total C4-hydrocarbon content of ≦3% by volume to a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation and/or partial gas phase ammoxidation.

Abstract: Process for preparing at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of propylene, in which the propylene is produced from crude propane by dehydrogenation and is subjected to a heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation and/or partial gas-phase ammoxidation in the presence of unreacted propane as constituent of a gas mixture 2 containing <1% by volume of 1-butene.

Abstract: The invention relates to DMC catalysts which comprise at least 10% by weight, based on the weight of the DMC catalysts, of a crystalline multimetal cyanide compound whose X-ray diffractogram shows sharp reflections at least at the d values of

Abstract: A reactor for producing a nitrile compound from a carbon ring or heterocyclic compound having organic substituents by a gas phase reaction using a fluidized catalyst bed with ammonia and a gas containing oxygen. In a cylindrical fluidized catalyst bed having a diameter of 2.0 meters or greater, partial vaporization-type cooling tubes (the cooling medium is partially vaporized in the tubes) and complete vaporization-type cooling tubes (the cooling medium is completely vaporized in the cooling tubes) are disposed in a specific arrangement. Water containing ionic SiO2 in 0.1 ppm or smaller and having an electric conductivity of 5 &mgr;S/cm or smaller is used as the cooling medium for the complete vaporization-type cooling tubes. The temperature of the reaction is easily stabilized and uniform distribution of temperature is obtained in the fluidized catalyst bed. Stable continuous operation is achieved for a long time in a commercial scale apparatus.

Abstract: A process increasing the yield of both HCN and acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a crude ketone and/or a mixture of at least two ketones, ammonia and air, into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the. hydrocarbon, the ketone, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yield of acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a carboxylic acid, ammonia and air into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, carboxylic acid, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: The application of an electric current to catalysts useful for the vapor phase oxidation of hydrocarbons allows for processes for obtaining enhanced catalytic processing of a given feed material with a given catalyst, processes allowing the ready change-over from one product of a given feed stream to another product of that feed stream without the need to change catalyst, and processes allowing the ready change over from one feed stream to another feed stream with the concomitant change over from one product to another product without the need to change catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by: contacting with a liquid contact member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide to form a contact mixture; recovering insoluble material from the contact mixture; calcining the recovered insoluble material in a non-oxidizing atmosphere; admixing the calcined recovered insoluble material with (i) at least one promoter element or compound thereof and (ii) at least one solvent for the at least one promoter element or compound thereof; removing the at least one solvent to form a catalyst precursor; and calcining the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: An orthorhombic phase mixed metal oxide is produced selectively in quantitative yield.

Abstract: Process for isolating one or more organic substances from a gas mixture in which these organic substances are present, in which the gas mixture is subjected to a quenching in a column, characterized in that quenching is carried out in the upper part of the column and the quenching liquid is subjected to stripping in the lower part of the column.

Abstract: A process increasing the yield of both HCN and acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a crude ketone and/or a mixture of at least two ketones, ammonia and air, into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, the ketone, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: A method for producing an &agr;-aminonitrile, is disclosed, which method includes the step of oxidizing a tertiary amine with oxygen by using a transition metal catalyst in the presence of a cyanide. The &agr;-aminonitrile thus obtained can be easily converted to amino acids as well as various nitrogen-containing physiologically active materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement in a process and apparatus for manufacturing acrylonitrile by the vapor phase ammoxidation of a hydrocarbon. The invention comprises contacting the gaseous product stream with a quench fluid in a reverse jet scrubber. The quenching fluid is injected counter-current to the gas flow, and the gas velocity is sufficient to reverse the flow direction of the water, thereby forming a standing wave or froth zone wherein the quench is rapidly achieved. The quench fluid may be obtained from many sources, but is preferably obtained from a waste process stream emanating from a subsequent recovery or purification step. The quench fluid may contain acid to facilitate removal of ammonia from the gas stream. The quench fluid that is not vaporized may be recirculated. Impurities and contaminants may be removed from the quench fluid prior to recycle.

Abstract: A process increasing the yield of both HCN and acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a crude ketone and/or a mixture of at least two ketones, ammonia and air, into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, the ketone, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: A process for upgrading aqueous acrylonitrile waste streams containing organic material comprising atomizing an acrylonitrile waste water stream containing organic material, introducing the atomized acrylonitrile waste water stream at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the organics present in the waste water stream, into a reaction zone containing a catalyst and at least one reactant gas, reacting the atomized waste water stream and reactant gas in the presence of the catalyst to convert at least some of the organics in the waste water stream into at least one compound selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acrylonitrile.

Abstract: A system provides an oxygen-bearing gas and a gaseous reactant stream to a fluidized bed reactor. A sparger causes an entraining of the oxygen bearing gas into the reactant gas stream. A feed line couples the sparger to the reactor's fluidized bed and introduces the reactant gas stream and entrained oxygen-bearing gas directly into contact with the fluidized bed. A controller controls both the amount of oxygen-bearing gas and the gaseous reactant so that, at the point of feed injection, the fluidized bed catalyst does not experience an oxygen deficiency. To assure safety, the reactant content of the combined feed and oxygen stream is maintained above an upper flammability limit, preferably with a safety margin of at least 25%. In one embodiment, the system enables the production of acrylonitriles from a feed stream comprising ammonia, propylene and oxygen.

Abstract: A hybrid reactor arrangement provides a reactive design that achieves higher acrylonitrile yield and lower catalyst circulating rate. The hybrid reactor design first passes a mixture of reactants and catalyst through a circulating bubbling bed reaction section. Heat exchange coils or other cooling medium in the bubbling bed reactor section maintain temperature in a range that will maximize the selectivity of reactants to the acrylonitrile product. The bubbling bed reactor section provides the initial conversion of the reactant. A circulating fluidized bed reaction zone finishes the conversion of reactants to a high yield under conditions that reduce the occurrence of secondary reactions that could otherwise produce unwanted by-products. The circulating fluidized bed reactor section maintains nearly plug flow conditions that allow continued conversion of unreacted feed components through primary reactions while limiting the time for secondary reactions to continue and diminish the final yield of products.

Abstract: The process of manufacturing an unsaturated mononitrile selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile comprising transporting a reactor effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile to a first column where the reactor effluent is cooled with at least one aqueous stream, transporting the cooled effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile into a second column where the cooled effluent is contacted with at least one second aqueous stream to absorb the unsaturated mononitrile into at least one second aqueous stream, transporting the second aqueous stream containing the unsaturated mononitrile from the second column to a first distillation column for separation of the crude unsaturated mononitrile from the second aqueous stream, and transporting the separated crude unsaturated mononitrile to a second distillation column to remove at least some impurities from the crude mononitrile, and transporting the partially purified crude unsaturated mononitrile to a third distillation column

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst having the elements and the proportions indicated by the following empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a D.sub.d O.sub.xwhereA is one or more Ti, Sn, where Sn is always presentD is one or more Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Ge, Nb, Zr, Mo, W, Cu, Te, Ta, Se, Bi, Ce, In, As, B, Al and Mn whereinm is 0.5 to 10a is greater than zero to 10d is zero to 10x is determined by the oxidation state of the cations present,comprising making an aqueous slurry of a mixture of source batch materials comprising compounds of said elements to be included in the final catalyst, followed by drying and heat calcining the mixture to an active catalyst, wherein the source batch material for the tin is a solution which comprises SnO.sub.2 .multidot.xH.sub.2 O wherein x.gtoreq.0 dispersed in tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide wherein the tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide is defined by the following formula:C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 NOHwherein 5.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of mixed vanadium, antimony and iron oxides and to their use as catalysts for the ammoxidation of alkanes. The process for the preparation of a mixed oxide defined above is characterized in that:respective vanadium, antimony and iron compounds are dissolved in at least one saturated alcohol or in water,the alcoholic .epsilon.olution or the aqueous solution thus obtained is brought into contact with an aqueous solution containing an ammonium salt, in order to precipitate the mixed oxide,the mixed oxide obtained is separated and calcined.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes using a new family of crystalline manganese phosphate compositions is disclosed. These compositions have an extended network; which network can be a one-, two-, or three-dimensional network. The composition has an empirical formula of:(A.sup.a+).sub.v (Mn.sup.b+)(M.sup.c+).sub.x P.sub.y O.sub.zwhere A is a templating agent such as an alkali metal, M is a metal such as Al, Fe.sup.3+ and "b" is the average manganese oxidation state and varies from greater than 3.0 to about 4.0.