Abstract: A process for the production of an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile from a hydrocarbon feed stream comprised of a mixture of an alkene and an alkane by reaction with an oxygen-containing gas and ammonia. The alkene is converted to unsaturated nitrile by reaction with the oxygen and ammonia in the presence of a suitable catalyst in a first ammoxidation reactor; the nitrile product is recovered from the product stream; some of the byproduct carbon oxides and some of the inert gas introduced into the system with the reactants are removed from product stream and the remainder of this stream, now rich in unreacted alkene and alkane, and containing the rest of the byproduct gases and inert gases is introduced with additional oxygen-containing gas and ammonia into a second ammoxidation reactor which contains a catalyst that catalyzes reaction between the alkane, oxygen and ammonia to produce additional unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for ammoxidizing C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 mono-olefins to .alpha.,.beta.-mono-unsaturated acyclic nitriles having 3 to 5 carbon atoms and HCN by introducing such mono-olefins molecular oxygen and ammonia into a reaction zone into vapor phase contact with a solid ammoxidation catalyst, wherein the mol ratio of introduced molecular oxygen and ammonia to said introduced mono-olefin is at least 1.5 and 1.0, respectively, wherein said catalyst contains the elements and proportions indicated by the empirical formula:V1Sb.sub.a M.sub.m N.sub.n O.sub.xwherea=0.5 to 2M=one or more of: Sn, Ti, Fe, and Gam=0.05 to 3, usually at least 0.1 and at most 1N=one or more of: W, Bi, Mo, Li, Mg, P, Zn, Mn, Te, Ge, Nb, Zr, Cr, Al, Cu, Ce, Bn=0.0 to 0.5,and wherein the preparation of the catalyst includes contacting in an aqueous dispersion a vanadium compound and an antimony compound while said vanadium is in solution.

Abstract: An improved process for substantially eliminating, preferably completely eliminating of nitride formation on feed conduits for fluid bed catalyst reactors used in the manufacture of unsaturated nitriles from corresponding olefins, NH.sub.3 and oxygen comprising maintaining the temperature of the ammonia inside the conduit below its dissociation temperature and/or maintaining the temperature of the inside surface of the conduit below the temperature at which any monoatomic nitrogen can react with the conduit to form a nitride.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, cobalt, nickel, and chromium, and either phosphorus or antimony or mixtures thereof, and an alkali metal or mixture thereof, and optionally one element selected from the group of an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, niobium, thallium, arsenic, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, vanadium, boron, calcium, tin, germanium, manganese, tungsten, tellurium, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluidized-bed catalyst for propylene ammoxidation to produce acrylonitrile, which consists of silica support and a composite of the formulaA.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Ni.sub.d Co.sub.e Na.sub.f Fe.sub.g Bi.sub.h M.sub.i Mo.sub.j O.sub.xwherein A is potassium, rubidium, cesium samarium, thallium, or mixture thereof; B is manganese, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium, lanthanum, rare earth, or mixture thereof; C is phosphorus, arsenic, boron, antimony, chromium, or mixture thereof; M is tungsten, vanadium, or mixture thereof. The catalyst of the present invention is highly active and selective for preparing acrylonitrile, more specifically, is suitable for catalyzing the reaction between air and propylene at a rather low ratio hence to greatly enlarge the processing capacity of the reactor. By using the catalyst of the present invention, the processing capacity of the reactor increases by 10-15 percent compared with that using conventional catalysts.

Abstract: A supplementary catalyst for long term maintaining the activity of the fluidized bed catalysts for ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile. Particularly, the present invention provides a supplementary catalyst for compensating for the loss of the fluidized bed catalyst caused by the volatilization of molybdenum and loss of fine particles during operation. By adopting the supplementary catalyst, the life-time of the fluidized bed catalysts for ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile in fluidized bed reactors can be increased from 1-1.5 years to 4 or more than 4 years.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of bismuth, molybdenum, iron, nickel and magnesium, at least one element selected from the group comprising potassium and cesium, and optionally one element selected from the group comprising cobalt, phosphorus, manganese, tellurium, sodium, cerium, chromium, antimony and tungsten wherein the sum of cesium and potassium is at least 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, cobalt, nickel, and chromium, and either phosphorus or antimony or mixtures thereof, and an alkali metal or mixture thereof, and optionally one element selected from the group of an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, niobium, thallium, arsenic, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, vanadium, boron, calcium, tin, germanium, manganese, tungsten, tellurium, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An iron-antimony-molybdenum-containing oxide catalyst composition for oxidation reactions, comprising a crystalline iron antimonate having a crystallite size of 100 .ANG. or more, said catalyst being represented by the following empirical formula:Fe.sub.a Sb.sub.b Mo.sub.c L.sub.d K.sub.e M.sub.m N.sub.n Q.sub.q R.sub.r T.sub.t O.sub.

Abstract: Solids losses and particulate catalyst losses in fluidized bed catalytic reactors using cyclone means to retain catalyst are significantly reduced by the presence of particulate inert fines.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated monoitrile by the catalytic reaction of a paraffin containing 3-5 carbon atoms with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the foregoing reactants in a reaction zone with a metal oxide catalyst containing the elements indicated by the empirical formula,V.sub.v A.sub.a D.sub.d Sn.sub.m Sb.sub.n Cu.sub.c O.sub.x (formula 1)in the relative atomic proportions indicated by the subscripts, whereA is selected from Te and BiD is one or more optional elements selected from Mo, W, Ti, Ge, Ce, La, Cr, Mn, Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, Fe, Nb, Ta, Ag, Zn, Cd, B, P, Na, K and Cs, anda is 0.001 to 30d is zero to 30c is 0.001 to 30m is 0.1 to 60n is 0.1 to 60n/v is>12 and<100m+n is.gtoreq.v+a+c+d, andx is determined by the valence requirements of the elements present, andwherein the reactants fed to the reaction zone contain a mole ratio of said paraffin:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of said paraffin:O.sub.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles from hydrocarbons by reaction with an oxygen-containing gas comprising oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air and ammonia in the presence of a suitable catalyst. In the process, a selective separator provides recycle of a substantial portion of the unreacted hydrocarbon as well as for a controlled amount of a gaseous flame suppressor in the system. The gaseous flame suppressor comprises a substantially unreactive hydrocarbon containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, carbon dioxide and nitrogen when present in the feed to the ammoxidation reactor. The use of air or oxygen-enriched air in the feed to the ammoxidation reactor is particularly advantageous from an economic view in combination with a pressure swing adsorption unit as the selective separator. The process is characterized by high selectivity to the formation of the product.

Abstract: A process for the production of acrylonitrile by vapor phase catalytic ammoxidation of propylene in a fluidized bed at high yield with the use of a multicompenent fluidized bed catalyst comprising molybdenum, bismuth, iron, antimony, nickel and alkali metal(s) each carried by silica, which has a high catalytic activity and a high attrition resistance and which does not require any expensive cobalt catalytic component.

Abstract: A process for producing acrylonitrile by the vapor-phase catalytic ammoxidation of propylene using a catalyst whose composition is represented by the empirical formula (I):P.sub.q R.sub.r Mo.sub.10 Bi.sub.a Fe.sub.b Sb.sub.c Ni.sub.d O.sub.e (I)whereR is Na and/or K;subscripts q, r, a, b, c, d and e represent atomic ratios, and when the atomic ratio of Mo is 10, q=0 to 3, r=0.01 to 1.5, a=0.1 to 3, b=0.1 to 2.5, c=5 to 30, d=4 to 8, and e=a number corresponding to the oxide formed by chemical combination of the above-described components.

Abstract: Antimony-promoted bismuth cerium molybdate catalysts are promoted with additional elements.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles from hydrocarbons by reaction with an oxygen-containing gas comprising oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air and ammonia in the presence of a suitable catalyst. In the process, a selective separator provides recycle of a substantial portion of the unreacted hydrocarbon as well as for a controlled amount of a gaseous flame suppressor in the system. The gaseous flame suppressor comprises a substantially unreactive hydrocarbon containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, carbon dioxide and nitrogen when present in the feed to the ammoxidation reactor. The use of air or oxygen-enriched air in the feed to the ammoxidation reactor is particularly advantageous from an economic view in combination with a pressure swing adsorption unit as the selective separator. The process is characterized by high selectivity to the formation of the product.

Abstract: This invention relates to highly attrition resistant catalysts, catalyst precursors and catalyst supports and to processes for making and using them.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of acrylonitrile by the reaction of propylene, ammonia and oxygen in a fluidized catalyst bed in which the propylene and ammonia are premixed and fed in downwardly streams that are directly aligned with upwardly directed streams of an oxygen containing gas under conditions such that there is complete mixing of the gas streams prior to the gases having significant contact with the catalyst.

Abstract: High yields of unsaturated nitriles are obtained by the oxidation of olefin-ammonia mixtures in the presence of a catalyst comprising the oxides of bismuth, molybdenum, iron and at least one element of the Group II metals as essential components, and optionally the oxides of cobalt, nickel, phosphorus, arsenic and an alkali metal.

Abstract: Certain catalysts containing iron and molybdenum plus bismuth or tellurium and nickel, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, calcium or beryllium have been found to give especially large volumes of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile in a given time when boron, gallium or indium are incorporated into the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the vapor phase ammoxidation of a C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 paraffin to an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitrile having 3-5 C atoms, using a particulate bismuth-vanadium oxide catalyst containing at least one other specified element.

Abstract: Iron-antimony metallic oxide catalysts which have become deactivated after being used for the production of aldehydes, acids, nitriles, or dienes through oxidation, ammoxidation, or oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds in fluidized-bed reactors are regenerated by adding to the catalyst a molybdenum-enriched catalyst formed by supporting a molybdenum component which is volatile or capable of forming a volatile compound under reaction conditions on a metallic oxide catalyst. The metallic oxide catalysts contain as essential components (I) Fe, (II) Sb, (III) at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Mo and W, and (IV) Te.

Abstract: Bismuth cerium molybdate catalysts promoted with alkali metal and other optional ingredients provide high yields of acrylonitrile in the ammoxidation of propylene.

Abstract: A catalystic composition suitable for producing acrylonitrile from propylene, ammonia and oxygen (or oxygen-containing gas), which composition is represented by the following formula:(Mo).sub.a (W).sub.b (Bi).sub.c (Pb).sub.d (B).sub.e (Sb).sub.f (X).sub.g (O).sub.h(where: X is chromium or iron; a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h denote respectively number of atoms for molybdenum, tungsten, bismuth, lead, boron, antimony, X and oxygen, and wherein, if it is given that a+b=12, 0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.7, 0.4.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.7, 2.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.12, 0.2/22.ltoreq.e/a.ltoreq.40/22, 0.ltoreq.f/a.ltoreq.25/22, and 0.ltoreq.g/a.ltoreq.3/22; and h denotes the number of oxygen necessary for satisfying the atomic valence for the individual constituent elements other than oxygen).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bismuth molybdate catalyst comprising (1) adding a dried mixture of metal salts of the active phase of the catalyst to an aqueous sol containing a support material for the active phase, (2) adding an acid to this slurry, (3) heating the slurry to dryness and (4) calcining the dried precursor to form the catalyst.

Abstract: A vapor phase catalytic oxydehydrogenation process for the conversion of a steam of mixed isomeric isoamylenes, methyl butanols or mixtures thereof to isoprene with relatively short contact times at a reactor temperature in the range of 500.degree. F. to 1100.degree. F. at from 0.5 to about 10 atmospheres pressure. The catalysts comprise an alkali metal as an essential catalytic ingredient.