Abstract: Demulsifiers containing an anionic surfactant selected from alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylsulfonates, alkylphosphonic acids, and their salts; a nonionic surfactant selected from ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers, ethoxylated fatty acids of polyethylene glycol, terpene alkoxylates, and modified alkanolamides; or a combination of an anionic and a nonionic surfactant, and methods of use thereof in breaking emulsions.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for synthesis of hydrogenofluoromethylenesulphonyl radical derivatives, comprising: a) a step which consists in condensing a thiolate (that is a monoalkyl sulphide salt) with a compound having a sp; 3hybridized carbon bearing a hydrogen, a fluorine, a heavy halogen selected among chlorine, bromine and iodine and an electron-attracting group selected among fluorine and those whereof the; is not less than 0.2, advantageously than 0.4; b) a step which consists in oxidizing the compound obtained in step a). The invention is applicable to the synthesis of various compounds having a suphinyl or sulphonyl group.

Abstract: The present application describes deuterium-enriched tesaglitazar, pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, and methods of treating using the same.

Abstract: A synthetic petroleum sulfonate prepared by a process comprising (a) reacting at least one aromatic compound with a mixture of olefins selected from olefins having from about 8 to about 100 carbon atoms, in the presence of an acidic ionic liquid catalyst, wherein the resulting product comprises at least about 50 weight percent of a 1,2,4 tri-substituted aromatic compound or a 1,2,3 tri-substituted aromatic compound or mixtures thereof; (b) reacting the product of (a) with sulfur trioxide, which has been diluted with air; and (c) neutralizing the product of (b) with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A method and a device for the sulfonation or the sulfation of organic liquid raw materials with an S03/air mixture and other reaction gases in order to perform rapid, highly exothermic gas-liquid reactions in conventional thin-layer falling-film reactors are disclosed. The introduction of the S03/air mixture occurs through several feed locations, which are located within (along) the reaction tube or reaction tubes or in the annular gap of annular-gap falling-film reactors. High peak temperatures, undesirable byproducts, worsening of the color and local oversulfation or oversulfonation, which leads to side reactions, are largely avoided.

Abstract: A positive photosensitive composition comprises a compound capable of generating a specified sulfonic acid upon irradiation with one of an actinic ray and radiation and (B) a resin capable of decomposing under the action of an acid to increase the solubility in an alkali developer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of substantially racemic 2-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]thio}-3-[4-(2-{4-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]phenoxy}ethyl)phenyl]-propanoic acid which comprises reacting 2-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]thio}-3-[4-(2-{4-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]phenoxy}ethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid enriched in one enantiomer with a base in an inert solvent.

Abstract: An amorphous carbon having sulfonate group introduced therein is provided which is characterized in that chemical shifts of a condensed aromatic carbon 6-membered ring and a condensed aromatic carbon 6-membered ring having sulfonate group bonded thereto are detected in a 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and that at least a diffraction peak of carbon (002) face whose half-value width (2?) is in the range of 5 to 30° is detected in powder X-ray diffractometry, and which exhibits proton conductivity. This sulfonated amorphous carbon is very useful as a proton conductor material or solid acid catalyst because it excels in proton conductivity, acid catalytic activity, thermal stability and chemical stability and can be produced at low cost.

Abstract: A method for sulfonating compounds having one or more free hydroxyl functional groups and/or one or more optionally substituted primary or secondary functional groups, including treating the compounds with a complex of SO3-DMF in the presence of an acid capture agent.

Abstract: Anhydrous processing to convert methane into oxygenates (such as methanol), liquid fuels, or olefins uses an initiator to create methyl radicals. These radicals combine with sulfur trioxide to form methyl-sulfonate radicals. These radicals attack fresh methane, forming stable methane-sulfonic acid (MSA) while creating new methyl radicals to sustain a chain reaction. This system avoids the use or creation of water, and liquid MSA is an amphoteric solvent that increases the solubility and reactivity of methane and SO3. MSA from this process can be sold or used as a valuable chemical with no mercaptan or halogen impurities, or it can be processed to convert it into methanol, dimethyl ether, or other fuels or liquid products. The sulfur that is removed from the MSA (usually in the form of SO2) can be oxidized to SO3 and recycled back into the MSA-forming reactor, enabling the complete system to operate with very little waste production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single pot process for the preparation of diazonaphthoquinonesulfonyl ester, a useful organic material for micro electronic and dye industry. This study pertains to the one pot preparation of diazonaphthoquinonesulfonyl esters using the corresponding diazonaphthoquinine sulfonic acid or its sodium salt, diphosgene or triphosgene, variety of hydroxy compounds and tertiary organic base in an organic solvent medium.

Abstract: Methods of removing alkyl alkanesulfonate esters from aqueous or anhydrous compositions are provided. The invention provides methods for the conversion of alkyl alkanesulfonate esters of the formula RSO3R? to the corresponding acids of the formula RSO3H. The alkyl alkanesulfonate esters are present in an organic medium, which may contain significant amounts of water or which may be anhydrous or substantially anhydrous. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods for purifying aqueous or anhydrous alkanesulfonic acids by removing alkyl alkanesulfonate esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid esters and to the further conversion thereof into salts, and to the use of the resultant compounds in electrolytes and in batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and electrochemical cells.

Abstract: A sulfonate compound having formula (1) is novel wherein R1 to R3 are H, F or C1-20 alkyl or fluoroalkyl, at least one of R1 to R3 contains F.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to optionally substituted halogenated benzyl halides and the like. These compounds are useful as halogenated benzyl ether-based protecting groups for a variety of functional groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of said protecting groups in an orthogonal protecting group strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules that comprise a number of suitable functional groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to saccharides bearing various arrays of protecting groups of the present invention. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of synthesizing an oligosaccharide or glycoconjugate, comprising the steps of: using a saccharide bearing at least one protecting group of the present invention to glycosylate a second molecule to give a product comprising said saccharide; and removing a protecting group of the present invention from said product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reduced particle size form of the compound (S)-2-ethoxy-3-[4-(2-{4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl}ethoxy)phenyl]propanoic acid, as shown in formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate of either thereof. The invention also concerns methods of treating one or more conditions associated with Insulin Resistance Syndrome using the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for use in one or more of said conditions. The invention further concerns pharmaceutical compositions containing the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, as an active ingredient, as well as processes for the manufacture of the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A blocked mercaptosilane of the structure: G-C(?O)—S—CH2CH2CH2SiX3 is disclosed wherein each X is an independently selected RO— group or R— group wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl that may or may not contain unsaturation, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, and aralkyl groups, such moieties other than hydrogen having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, at least one X is RO—, and G is a monovalent alkyl group.

Abstract: Photoacid generator salts comprising photoactive cationic moieties and segmented, highly fluorinated-hydrocarbon anionic moieties are disclosed which provide high photoacid strength and can be tailored for solubility and polarity. The present invention further relates to photoacid generators as they are used in photoinitiated acid-catalyzed processes for uses such as photoresists for microlithography and photopolymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of identifying a polypeptide using a class of novel, water-stable reagents. More specifically, the method according to the invention comprises the steps of (a) derivatization in an aqueous solution of the N-terminus of the polypeptide, or the N-termini of one or more peptides of the polypeptide, with at least one acidic reagent which comprises a sulfonyl moiety coupled to an activated acid moiety to provide one or more peptide derivatives; (b) analyzing at least one such derivative using a mass spectrometric technique to provide a fragmentation pattern; and (c) interpreting the fragmentation pattern. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a kit for identifying a polypeptide by a mass spectrometric technique, which kit comprises at least one acidic reagent comprising a sulfonyl moiety coupled to an activated acid moiety in a container together with suitable means for analysis of the fragmentation pattern obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds that are inducers or inhibitors of apoptosis or apoptosis preceded by cell-cycle arrest. In addition, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating mammals with leukemia or other forms of cancer or for treating disease conditions caused by apoptosis of cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phenyl boronic acid compound represented by Structural Formula (I): Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. Z and Z? are independently —O—. —NH— or —S—. X is an electron withdrawing group. R is a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained hydrocarbyl group optionally comprising one or more amine, ammonium, ether, thioether or phenylene linking groups and Y is —H, an amine, —[NH—(CH2)q]r—NH2, halogen, —CF3, thiol, ammonium, alcohol, —COOH, —SO3H, —OSO3H or phosphonium group covalently bonded to the terminal position of R. Each —NH— in —[NH—(CH2)q]r—NH2 is optionally N-alkylated or N,N-dialkylated and —NH2 in —[NH—(CH2)q]r—NH2 is optionally N-alkylated, N,N-dialkylated or N,N,N-trialkylated. q is an integer from 2 to about 10 and r is an integer from 1 to about 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive composition useful at wavelengths between 300 nm and 10 nm which comprises a polymer containing a substituted or unsubstituted higher adamantane.

Abstract: Sulfonic acid ester derivatives represented by the general formula (4) or (5) are produced by reacting an amino alcohol derivative represented by the general formula (1) or (2) with an organic sulfonyl halide represented by the general formula (3), in a mixed solvent composed of an aprotic organic solvent and water in the presence of a non-water-prohibiting inorganic base. This procedure can be carried out in a simple, easy, safe and economical manner while reducing the load on the environment. Wherein n represents an integer of 0 to 5, A represents a phenyl group, which may be substituted, R represents a methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl or p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl group and X represents a chloride, bromine or iodine atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds generating strong acids (described hereafter as “acid generators”) decomposed by heat and the composition of thin film containing the same. Provided are the compounds represented by the structure of formula I and the composition containing the compounds. wherein X is alkyl or aryl group and R is hydrogen atom, hydroxy, alkoxy or alkyl group. The abovementioned acid generators of the present invention generate acid by heat at relatively low temperatures, preventing the change in the ratio of the composition due to evaporation of some components in the composition. Accordingly, it has the advantageous effect that the ratio of components in the composition is controlled and the preparation of the thin film with the wanted properties is simplified.

Abstract: Novel ?-aryl-?-oxysubstituted alkylcarboxylic acids of the formula (I) and compositions containing them. The compounds have hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic uses.

Abstract: Sulfonic acid ester derivatives represented by the general formula (4) or (5) are produced by reacting an amino alcohol derivative represented by the general formula (1) or (2) with an organic sulfonyl halide represented by the general formula (3), in a mixed solvent composed of an aprotic organic solvent and water in the presence of a non-water-prohibiting inorganic base. This procedure can be carried out in a simple, easy, safe and economical manner while reducing the load on the environment. Wherein n represents an integer of 0 to 5, A represents a phenyl group, which may be substituted, R represents a methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl or p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl group and X represents a chloride, bromine or iodine atom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process suitable for large-scale industrial use for preparing compounds of general formula (I) wherein: R1 denotes a group selected from among methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, benzyl and —C(Me2)phenyl, each of which is optionally mono-, di- or trisubstituted by hydroxy; and, R2 denotes a group selected from among methyl, ethyl, propyl and benzyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phenyl boronic acid compound represented by Structural Formula (I): Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. Z and Z? are independently —O—. —NH— or —S—. X is an electron withdrawing group. R is a substituted or unsubstituted straight chained hydrocarbyl group optionally comprising one or more amine, ammonium, ether, thioether or phenylene linking groups and Y is —H, an amine, —[NH—(CH2)q]r—NH2, halogen, —CF3, thiol ammonium, alcohol, —COOH, —SO3H, —OSO3H or phosphonium group covalently bonded to the terminal position of R. Each —NH— in —[NH—(CH2)q]r—NH2 is optionally N-alkylated or N,N-dialkylated and —NH2 in —[NH—(CH2)q]r—NH2 is optionally N-alkylated, N,N-dialkylated or N,N,N-trialkylated. q is an integer from 2 to about 10 and r is an integer from 1 to about 5.

Abstract: A charge control agent containing a barium salt of a sulfoisophthalic acid compound and optionally a metal salt of a salicylic acid compound. A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising such a charge control agent, a binder resin and a colorant.

Abstract: A method for sulfonating compounds having one or more free hydroxyl functional groups and/or one or more optionally substituted primary or secondary functional groups, including treating the compounds with a complex of SO3-DMF in the presence of an acid capture agent.

Abstract: A method for preparing organic products from aqueous solutions, such as waste or byproduct liquid streams and waste or byproduct gas or vapor streams, uses phase transfer catalysis to transfer a chemical species in low concentration from the aqueous solution to the organic phase or the aqueous-organic interface. The system has little or no organic solvent, and the organic phase contains an electrophile which participates in the reaction. In one embodiment, the aqueous solution is contacted with the electrophile and a phase transfer catalyst and, optionally, a pH adjusting agent in the event that the chemical species in the aqueous solution is not sufficiently ionized to react with the electrophile, and optionally an organic solvent. A method for continuously converting a chemical species involves this contacting step, separating the phases, then dividing the organic phase into the product, the phase transfer catalyst, and the optional organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel phenoxyphenyl alkanesulphonates, processes for their preparation, their use for producing medicaments for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular for the treatment of states of pain and neurodegenerative disorders

Abstract: Sulfonic acid ester derivatives represented by the general formula (4) or (5) are produced by reacting an amino alcohol derivative represented by the general formula (1) or (2) with an organic sulfonyl halide represented by the general formula (3), in a mixed solvent composed of an aprotic organic solvent and water in the presence of a non-water-prohibiting inorganic base. This procedure can be carried out in a simple, easy, safe and economical manner while reducing the load on the environment. Wherein n represents an integer of 0 to 5, A represents a phenyl group, which may be substituted, R represents a methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl or p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl group and X represents a chloride, bromine or iodine atom.

Abstract: A sulfonate compound having formula (1) is novel wherein R1 to R3 are H, F or C1-20 alkyl or fluoroalkyl, at least one of R1 to R3 contains F. A polymer comprising units derived from the sulfonate compound is used as a base resin to formulate a resist composition which is sensitive to high-energy radiation, maintains high transparency at a wavelength of up to 200 nm, and has improved alkali dissolution contrast and plasma etching resistance.

Abstract: A 2-methoxyphenol derivative may be used as an ultraviolet (UV) light absorbing dispersant and, an ink composition may include the 2-methoxyphenol derivative as a light-resistant dispersant. The 2-methoxyphenol derivative absorbs UV light and thus provides light resistance to outputs. The 2-methooxyphenol derivative also improves dispersibility. When the 2-methoxyphenol derivative is used to prepare an ink composition, the ink composition has improved dispersibility and light resistance, and there is no need to add a light-resistant additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides an intermediate compound used for synthesis of polyene chain structure, that is an important moiety of carotenoid compounds, a process for preparing the same, and carotenoid polyene chain compounds prepared by using the intermediate, and, in particular, a process for preparing lycopene. The process for preparing the carotenoid polyene chain compound employs an allylic sulfone compound as starting material, which is reacted with C-5 sulfide compound to extend the carbon chain. The resultant thio-sulfone compound is oxidized, and the obtained disulfone compound is combined with C-10 di(haloallylic) sulfide compound to form a chain compound containing the desired number of carbon atoms. Then, the diallylic sulfone obtained by oxidation of the diallylic sulfide is subjected to Ramberg-Baklund reaction in order to form the central triene bond. After removal of sulfonyl groups, carotenoid polyene chain compound is obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing lithium complex salts and their intermediaries and to the use of these in electrolytes.

Abstract: A process for recovering and purifying substituted benzenesulfonates, by neutralizing a mixture including at least one substituted benzenesulfonate, or at least one corresponding substituted benzenesulfonic acid, and sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid and/or hydrogen chloride in free or bound form, in an aqueous phase using an alkali metal hydroxide, and purifying it in this aqueous phase, and by subsequently separating the substituted benzenesulfonate(s) from this aqueous phase. The mixture is comminuted into particles having a Sauter mean diameter in the range from 1 &mgr;m to 2 cm, either before or during introduction into this aqueous phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds generating strong acids (described hereafter as “acid generators”) decomposed by heat and the composition of thin film containing the same. Provided are the compounds represented by the structure of formula I and the composition containing the compounds.

Abstract: There are provided an acetalsulfonate derivative useful as an intermediate for medicines and agricultural chemicals, a process for industrially producing the derivative, and a process for industrially producing a styrene oxide derivative from the acetalsulfonate derivative or from a mandelic acid derivative. A process for producing an acetalsulfonate derivative which comprises a first step of esterifying a mandelic acid derivative to form a mandelic ester derivative, a second step of protecting the mandelic ester derivative by an acetal to form an acetal derivative, a third step of reducing the acetal derivative to form an ethanediol derivative and a fourth step of reacting the ethanediol derivative with a sulfonyl chloride derivative. A process for producing a styrene oxide derivative which comprises a deprotecting step of deacetalizing the acetalsulfonate derivative and a step of epoxidizing the sulfonate derivative obtained in the deprotecting step with the aid of a base catalyst.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to optionally substituted halogenated benzyl halides and the like. These compounds are useful as halogenated benzyl ether-based protecting groups for a variety of functional groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of said protecting groups in an orthogonal protecting group strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules that comprise a number of suitable functional groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to saccharides bearing various arrays of protecting groups of the present invention. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of synthesizing an oligosaccharide or glycoconjugate, comprising the steps of: using a saccharide bearing at least one protecting group of the present invention to glycosylate a second molecule to give a product comprising said saccharide; and removing a protecting group of the present invention from said product.

Abstract: Sulfonic acid ester derivatives represented by the general formula (4) or (5) are produced by reacting an amino alcohol derivative represented by the general formula (1) or (2) with an organic sulfonyl halide represented by the general formula (3), in a mixed solvent composed of an aprotic organic solvent and water in the presence of a non-water-prohibiting inorganic base. This procedure can be carried out in a simple, easy, safe and economical manner while reducing the load on the environment.

Abstract: Sulfonic acid ester derivatives represented by the general formula (4) or (5) are produced by reacting an amino alcohol derivative represented by the general formula (1) or (2) with an organic sulfonyl halide represented by the general formula (3), in a mixed solvent composed of an aprotic organic solvent and water in the presence of a non-water-prohibiting inorganic base. This procedure can be carried out in a simple, easy, safe and economical manner while reducing the load on the environment.

Abstract: A blocked mercaptosilane of the structure: G—C(═O)—S—CH2CH2CH2SiX3 is disclosed wherein each X is an independently selected RO— group wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl that may or may not contain unsaturation, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, and aralkyl groups, such moieties other than hydrogen having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and G is a monovalent alkyl of from 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An image-forming material is described, comprising on an support an acid-generating agent selected from a sulfonic acid ester of a specific structure generating an acid by the action of heat and the polymer thereof, and a compound causing a light absorption change in the absorption region of from 350 to 700 nm by an intramolecular or intermolecular reaction by the action of an acid. The image-forming material has a high sensitivity and excellent storage stability and gives low haze and good images in the case of performing image formation using a high-output laser light.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided normal modified forms of nonsteroidal anti-inflamamatory drugs. Modified NSAIDs according to the invention provide a new class of anti-inflammatory agent which provide the therapeutic benefits of NSAIDs while causing a much lower incidence of side-effects then typically observed with such agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrazine oxoacetamide derivative or its salt which exhibits an excellent insecticidal effect even at a low concentration.

Abstract: A charge control agent containing a barium salt of a sulfoisophthalic acid compound and optionally a metal salt of a salicylic acid compound. A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising such a charge control agent, a binder resin and a colorant.

Abstract: 1 The present invention relates to a reduced particle size form of the compound (S)-2-ethoxy-3-[4-(2-{4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl}ethoxy)phenyl]propanoic acid, as shown in formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate of either thereof. The invention also concerns methods of treating one or more conditions associated with Insulin Resistance Syndrome using the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for use in one or more of said conditions. The invention further concerns pharmaceutical compositions containing the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, as an active ingredient, as well as processes for the manufacture of the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel crystalline form of the compound (S)-2-ethoxy-3-[4-(2-{4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl}ethoxy)phenyl]propanoic acid, shown by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, and solvates thereof. The invention also concerns methods of treating one or more metabolic disease conditions, particularly those associated with Insulin Resistance Syndrome, and the use of a crystalline form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in one or more of said conditions. The invention further concerns pharmaceutical compositions containing a crystalline form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, as active ingredient, as well as processes for the manufacture of a crystalline form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.