Abstract: A process for producing a cyclopropane derivative comprising contacting a diazo compound and an olefinically unsaturated compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper cation-exchanged perfluorinated ion exchange polymer is disclosed.

Abstract: Carbacyclin derivatives of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is OR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, a heterocyclic residue, or NHR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.3 is an acid residue or hydrogen;X is oxygen;A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans--CH.dbd.CH--, or --C.tbd.C--;W is free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene or free or functionally modified ##STR2## wherein the OH-group can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position; D is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group of 1-10 carbon atoms, which can optionally be substituted by fluorine atoms, 1,2-methylene, 1,1-trimethylene;E is --C.tbd.C-- or --CR.sub.6 .dbd.CH.sub.7 -- wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are hydrogen or alkyl of 1-5 carbon atoms;R.sub.4 is an aliphatic group, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or a heterocyclic group;R.sub.5 is free or functionally modified hydroxy and,when R.sub.

Abstract: Bicyclooctane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms and/or CO groups and/or --O13 CO groups and/or --CO--O groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being also --A.sup.3 --R.sup.3,A.sup.1 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 1-position and/or 2-position and/or 3-position and/or 4-position by alkyl which has in each case 1-5 C atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted or fluorinated, and in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by one or two different groupings from the group --O--, --CO--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, or is substituted by F, Cl, Br, CN and/or CHO,A.sup.2 is a 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2] octylene group,--A.sup.3 --R.sup.3 is --Cy--R.sup.

Abstract: Highly functional fluorinated polyisocyanates of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z.sub.1 represents the functional group --O--CO--NH--R--NCO;Z.sub.2 represents the difunctional group --O--CO--NH--R--NH--CO--O--;R.sub.f is a radical derived from fluoropolyethers having a molecular weight between 500 and 7000;T represents a trivalent or tetravalent radical derived from a polyol;q is zero or 1; ands is 1 or 2.Also, varnishes containing said highly functional fluorinated polyisocyanates of formula (I).

Abstract: New liquid-crystalline ester compounds which exhibit a liquid-crystalline phase within a broad temperature range and have a positive, dielectric anisotropy, and a liquid-crystalline composition comprising the same are provided which ester compounds are expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ##STR2## each represent ##STR3## X represents ##STR4## Y represents hydrogen atom, F, Cl or CN; and Z represents F, Cl or CN.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogues of the formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical, Y.sup.1 represents a carbonyl or hydroxymethylene group, A.sup.1 represents an alkylene linkage containing 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms and optionally bearing a methyl or ethyl substituent, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form an alkylene linkage containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a methyl or ethyl substituent, such that the symbols A.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, together with the carbon atoms through which they are connected, may form a cycloalkyl ring of 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms, optionally bearing one or two methyl or ethyl substituents, or A.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is (a) hydrogen, (b) C.sub.1-10 alkyl, (c) C.sub.1-10 alkyl substituted by halogen; C.sub.1-4 alkoxy; C.sub.6-10 aryl; C.sub.6-10 aryl substituted by 1-3 halogen atoms, a phenyl group, 1-3 C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups or a chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, carboxy, hydroxy or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group; di-C.sub.1-4 -alkylamino; or tri-C.sub.1-4 -alkylammonium, (d) C.sub.4-10 cycloalkyl, (e) C.sub.4-10 cycloalkyl substituted by C.sub.1-4 alkyl, (f) C.sub.6-10 aryl, (g) C.sub.6-10 aryl substituted by 1-3 halogen atoms, a phenyl group 1-3 C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups or a chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, carboxy, hydroxy or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group, or (h) an aromatic heterocycle of 5 or 6 ring atoms one of which is O, N or S;A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans--CH.dbd.CH-- or --C.tbd.C--;W is hydroxymethylene, RO-methylene, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.3, ##STR2## wherein OH or OR is in the .alpha.- or .beta.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is oxygen or sulfur are disclosed. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents due to their angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity and depending upon the definition of R.sub.1 may also be useful as analgesics due to their enkepahlinase inhibition activity.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds with a cross-polarizing substituent have the formula (1) ##STR1## The increase in .epsilon..perp. is achieved by the polarizing group X, preferably the cyano group or a halogen atom, which is not laterally on the ring, as with the known compounds, but is on the bridge, that is to say is part of the main bridge bonding rings A and B to one another. Ring A has the formula (1a) or (1b) given herein and is always cycloaliphatic, while ring B can be identical to ring A or is an aromatic ring of the formula (1c) or (1d) herein. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different end groups of the formula (1e) herein.The radical X on the bridge causes less widening of the molecule than a radical X on a ring, which provides comparatively higher clear points and moreover enables aromatic rings to be omitted from the anisotropic compounds.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal compound suitable to use as a component of liquid crystal dielectrics and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is a dihalogeno-aromatic compound expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, each of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxymethyl group of 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 is a free or an esterified carboxyl group, or a group of the formula: ##STR2## (R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or, when taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom to which they are attached, they represent a 5 to 7 membered saturated heterocyclic group, Y.sup.1 is a group of the formula: ##STR3## (R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group), ##STR4## (R.sup.6 is as defined above), ##STR5## R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, when taken together, mean a shingle linkage to from a double bond between the carbon atoms which they are linked, R.sup.3 is a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal ester compound which is useful as a component for TN type nematic liquid crystal composition, raising its nematic-isotropic liquid phase-isotropic liquid phase transition point without increasing its viscosity and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which ester compound is expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ##STR2## represents ##STR3## Y represents -- COO--or --OCO--; any of ##STR4## n represents 0 or 1; and Z represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom of F, Cl or Br.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline tercyclohexyls of the formula ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl group with 1-12 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by 0,X is --CN, --COOR.sup.1, --OOCR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1 or R.sup.1, andR.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1-12 C atoms, with the proviso that in the case where X=R.sup.1 at least one CH.sub.2 group in the alkyl group R is replaced by 0, and useful in liquid-crystalline dielectrics.

Abstract: This invention concerns compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 1 and X is --COO--, --OOC-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; or n is O and X is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --;ring A is p-phenylene or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene;R.sup.2 is cyano, p-cyanophenyl or, when X is --COO-- or --OOC--, R.sup.2 may also be p-R.sup.3 -phenyl or trans-4-R.sup.3 -cyclohexyl;and R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 each are straight-chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl.their manufacture and their use for electro-optical purposes and in gas chromatography are described.

Abstract: Graft polyols comprising the liquid reaction product of a vegetable oil or unsaturated fatty carbon compound having at least eight carbon atoms, at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one double bond, a cyclopentadienyl compound and a terminally unsaturated monomer having at least one hydroxyl group. These liquid low viscosity polyols when cured with a polyisocyanate, melamine, or formaldehyde compound yield high solids or solventless polyurenthane compositions useful as coatings, adhesives, potting or molding compounds.

Abstract: The following dipeptides possess a high order of sweetness: ##STR1## wherein X=O or S;R is alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms;R.sub.1 is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, lower alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, bicycloalkenyl, tricycloalkyl, cyclic ether, cyclic thioether, cyclic sulfoxides, cyclic sulfones, aryl, benzyl, alkylaryl, aromatic heterocyclic or alkyl substituted aromatic heterocyclic containing up to 10 ring carbon atoms and up to a total of 12 carbon atoms;R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 are each H or lower alkyl;R.sub.5 is H, lower alkyl or cycloalkyl containing 3-5 ring carbons;each n=0, 1 or 2;m=0 or 1;Z is an alkylene chain containing 0-2 carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to a total of 6 carbon atoms;and food-acceptable salts.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octylidene derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a protective group for hydroxyl group; and Y is ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a protective group for hydroxyl group; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group, alkenyl group or alkynyl group; and X is a group represented by CH.dbd.CH or C.tbd.C,comprises carrying out the catalytic hydrogenation reaction of a (1-alkenyl)-cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octene derivative represented by the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and Y have the same meanings as defined above, in the presence of a metal carbonyl compound or its complex represented by the formula:Mw(CO)x(H)y(R)zwherein M is a metal element of the group VIB; R is a .pi. ligand or a phosphine ligand; w is 1 or 2; x is an integer of 3 to 6; y is 0 or 1; and z is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: New liquid-crystalline esters of the 4-[(4-alkyl-cyclohexyl)-methyl]-benzoic acids or cyclohexanecarboxylic acids which are suitable for electro-optical displays have the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 =C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1R.sup.2 =H, ##STR2## wherein n=an integer from 1 to 10,m=an integer from 1 to 10,S=an integer from 1 to 10.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds with a cross-polarizing substituent have the formula (1) ##STR1## The increase in .epsilon..perp. is achieved by the polarizing group X, preferably the cyano group or a halogen atom, which is not laterally on the ring, as with the known compounds, but is on the bridge, that is to say is part of the main bridge bonding rings A and B to one another. Ring A has the formula (1a) or (1b) given herein and is always cycloaliphatic, while ring B can be identical to ring A or is an aromatic ring of the formula (1c) or (1d) herein. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different end groups of the formula (1e) herein. The radical X on the bridge causes less widening of the molecule than a radical X on a ring, which provides comparatively higher clear points and moreover enables aromatic rings to be omitted from the anisotropic compounds.

Abstract: Sweeteners of the formula: ##STR1## and food-acceptable salts thereof, where the substituents are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Carbacyclin esters of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic residue,R.sub.2 is a free or functionally modified hydroxy group,R.sub.3 is an alkyl or cycloalkyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl group, or a heterocyclic group,X is an oxygen atom or the group --CH.sub.2 --,A is a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans--CH.dbd.CH--, or --C.tbd.C--group,W is a free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene group or a free or functionally modified ##STR2## wherein the OH-group can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position D is the group ##STR3## a straight-chain saturated alkylene group of 1-5 carbon atoms, a branched, saturated or a straight-chain or branched, unsaturated alkylene group of 2-5 carbon atoms, which groups can optionally be substituted by fluorine atoms,E is a direct bond, a --C.tbd.C--group, or a --CR.sub.4 .dbd.CR.sub.5 -- group wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is cycloalkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may or may not be olefinically monounsaturated to tetraunsaturated, can be substituted by not more than 3 methyl or ethyl groups, one vinyl, methylvinyl or allyl group, 1 or 2 chlorine atoms or one alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and can be bridged by an alkylene chain of not more than 4 carbon atoms, X is alkylene of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, which can be monounsaturated or diunsaturated, interrupted by not more than 2 sulfur or oxygen atoms and substituted by not more than 3 alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen of alkoxycarbonyl where alkoxy is of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms, propargyl or haloalkenyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and the salts of these compounds, processes for their preparation, herbicides containing these compounds, and their use.

Abstract: New bicyclohexylethanes of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --A--(Cy).sub.n --R.sup.2 (I)wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by O atoms, or is F, Cl, Br, CN, --COOalkyl or --O--CO-alkyl; or one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H; A is Cy, or 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups or by a CN group; Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene and n is 0 or 1; the alkyl groups in each case containing 1-10 C atoms, with the proviso that n is 1 if A is Cy and R.sup.2 is CN,can be used as constituents of dielectrics for electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: What is described is an improved opto-electronic component and display which uses novel liquid crystal nematic substances for the control of the light transmission and for the display of numbers symbols and images. The novel nematic liquid crystal substances herein, which exhibit high clearing temperatures, low working temperatures and rapid switching times, are 7-alkyl-perhydrophenanthren-2-carboxylic acids and esters thereof.

Abstract: Compounds useful in treating cardiovascular disorders are the carboxylic acids depicted in formulas (1) and (2) ##STR1## as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic salts and esters, wherein:n is an integer from one to four;R.sub.1 is hydroxy;R.sub.2 is hydrogen; orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together are an oxo group;R.sub.3 is ##STR2## wherein A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --; trans--CH.dbd.CH--; --C.tbd.C--; andR.sub.4 is linear or branched alkyl of one to twelve carbons, preferably 1-10 carbons, most preferably 3-8 carbons, cycloalkyl of three to eight carbons; phenyl optionally substituted with one or two identical substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, and halo; or phenylloweralkyl optionally substituted with one or two identical substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, and halo.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.2 is a single covalent bond or --COO--; X.sup.1 is a single covalent bond, --COO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or when X.sup.2 is --COO--, X.sup.1 also can be p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --, p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4, p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --COO-- or --COO--p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 ; ring A is a benzene ring or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene; ring B is a benzene ring or when X.sup.2 is --COO-- and X.sup.1 is a single covalent bond, --COO-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, ring B also can be trans-1,4-cyclohexylene; Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 individually are hydrogen or when positioned on a benzene ring which is not linked directly with a further ring via a single covalent bond, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 also can be halogen, cyano or methyl; Y.sup.2 is cyano, nitro, 2,2-dicyanovinyl or when Y.sup.1 is hydrogen Y.sup.2 also can be 2,2-dicyano-1-methylvinyl; Y.sup.1 is halogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or, when X.sup.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 is a free or an esterified carboxyl group, or a group of the formula: ##STR2## (R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or, when taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom to which they are attached, they represent a 5 to 7 membered saturated heterocyclic group), Y is a group of the formula: ##STR3## (R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group) or ##STR4## (R.sup.6 is as defined above), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, when taken together, mean a single linkage to form a double bond between the carbon atoms which they are linked, R.sup.3 is a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A curing agent for fluorocarbon polymer coating compositions having the formula ##STR1## where R is R.sup.1 NH, R.sup.1 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical, R.sup.2 is C or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.3 is H or CH.sub.3, where x is 3 when R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon group and x is 4 when R.sup.2 is C; the curing agents form ambient curing fluorocarbon polymer coating compositions;These compositions are used to provide corrosion and abrasion resistant coatings for large structures in chemical plants, oil refineries, oil drilling platforms, and the interior of smoke stacks of large utility companies.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or 1; one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is --COO-- or --OOC-- and the other is a single covalent bond or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 individually are a single covalent bond or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, with the proviso that at most one of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; rings A.sup.1 and A.sup.5 individually are a group of the formula ##STR2## or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene; rings A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 individually are a group of formula II or, when ring A.sup.2, A.sup.3 or A.sup.4 is not linked with at least one of the other two of these rings by a single covalent bond then such ring also can be trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, with the proviso that at least one of rings A.sup.1 through A.sup.5 is a group of formula II; Y is hydrogen, or when Y is attached to a ring of formula II which is not linked with another ring via a single covalent bond, Y also can be fluorine, chlorine or methyl; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where each A is --OH or --OR where R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or a cycloalkyl group, or both A together represent a >O group.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogues of the general formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group, Y.sup.1 represents a carbonyl or hydroxymethylene group, represents a single or double bond, A.sup.1 represents an alkylene linkage containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms and optionally bearing a methyl or ethyl substituent, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or else R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form an alkylene linkage containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a methyl or ethyl substituent, such that the symbols A.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, together with the carbon atoms through which they are connected, form a cycloalkyl ring of 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms, optionally bearing one or two methyl or ethyl substituents, X.sup.1 represents an ethylene or trans-vinylene group, Y.sup.2 represents a carbonyl or hydroxymethylene group, and either (i) A.sup.

Abstract: 13, 14 didehydro-15 cyclic prostacyclins have been prepared.

Abstract: Certain 7-oxobicyclo[3.2.0] hept-2-en-2-carboxylic acids, esters, and salts thereof useful as antibacterial agents or as intermediates for antibacterial agents, and methods for making and using them.

Abstract: New liquid-crystalline ester compounds which exhibit a liquid-crystalline phase within a broad temperature range and have a positive, dielectric anisotropy, and a liquid-crystalline composition comprising the same are provided which ester compounds are expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ##STR2## X represents ##STR3## Y represents hydrogen atom, F, Cl or CN; and Z represents F, Cl or CN.

Abstract: The present invention provides substantially difunctional hydroxyl-terminated polyether-esters and a process for preparing the same. The process comprises reacting ethylene carbonate with a substituted or unsubstituted epsilon-caprolactone in the presence of a catalytic amount of a specified catalyst at a temperature of at least about 200.degree. C. The catalyst comprises an alkali metal salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, or a mixture thereof. The products of the invention are pourable liquid urethane-forming polyols at room temperature.

Abstract: Compounds of general structural formula: ##STR1## wherein Q is: ##STR2## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, C.sub.1-3 alkyl esters or .alpha.-monoglyceride when Q is a dihydroxy acid are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents for the treatment of atherosclerosis, familial hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipemia and like diseases. They also have useful antifungal activity.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to alkyl N-trifluoroacetyl-N-phosphonomethylglycine amide and hydrazide derivatives, to herbicidal compositions containing same and to the herbicidal use thereof. These amide and hydrazide derivatives are useful as pre-emergent and/or post-emergent herbicides.

Abstract: Prostaglandin I.sub.2 analogues of the formula: ##STR1## [wherein the symbol between the carbon atoms in positions 5 and 6 represents a single or double bond, Y represents ethylene or trans-vinylene, R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 4 to 7 carbon atoms optionally substituted by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl optionally substituted by chlorine, trifluoromethyl, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl, a --C.sub.m H.sub.2m COOR.sup.7 group (wherein m represents an integer of from 1 to 12 and R.sup.7 represents alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a --C.sub.n H.sub.2n OR.sup.8 group (wherein n represents an integer of from 2 to 12 and R.sup.8 represents hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms) or a ##STR2## group (wherein R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 each represent alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n is as hereinbefore defined), R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group, R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2, R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 independently represent a C.sub.1-6 alkyl radical, in addition to which R.sub.3 may represent a hydrogen atom, the alkyl radicals together containing in all at least 8 carbon atoms, are provided for use as highly sterically hindered bases in chemical syntheses.

Abstract: Decalins of the formula ##STR1## wherein ring A is aromatic or a trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane ring; R.sup.2 is methyl, --CH.sub.2 R', --OR', --CO--R', --CN, --COOH, --CO--OR', --CO--SR' or --O--CO--R'; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl, --CH.sub.2 R, --OR or --CH.sub.2 OR, or when R.sup.2 is methyl, --CH.sub.2 R', --OR' or --CO--R', R.sup.1 also can be --CN, --COOH, --CO--OR, --CO--SR or --O--CO--R; R and R' each are alkyl; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each have up to 12 carbon atoms and together have at most 14 carbon atoms,their racemates and optically active antipodes, are described. Liquid crystalline mixtures comprising Compound I as well as their use in electro-optical devices also are disclosed.

Abstract: Carbacyclin derivatives of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is OR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, a heterocyclic residue, or NHR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.3 is an acid residue or hydrogen;X is oxygen;A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans--CH.dbd.CH--, or --C.tbd.C--;W is free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene or free or functionally modified ##STR2## wherein the OH-group can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position; D is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group of 1-10 carbon atoms, which can optionally be substituted by fluorine atoms, 1,2-methylene, 1,1-trimethylene;E is --C.tbd.C-- or --CR.sub.6 .dbd.CR.sub.7 -- wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are hydrogen or alkyl of 1-5 carbon atoms;R.sub.4 is an aliphatic group, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or a heterocyclic group;R.sub.5 is free or functionally modified hydroxy and,when R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new family of Liquid Crystalline Materials for use in optical display devices having the general formula: ##STR1## The members of the family of materials are characterized by having a broad nematic operating range in conjunction with low viscosity and exhibit fast response times to a controlled electrical field in the lower temperature regions of their nematic operating range and may be mixed with other members of the family or with other liquid crystalline materials and/or homologous non-liquid crystalline materials.

Abstract: The 9,11-methano-13-aza-11a-carbathrombanoic acid analogues of the general formula: ##STR1## [wherein A represents ##STR2## (in which m is an integer of 1 to 6, the double bond between the carbon atoms in positions 5 and 6 in (iv) is in cis or trans-configuration or a mixture thereof and the phenylene group in (iv) represents o-, m- or p-phenylene), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, two R.sup.2 both represent hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group, R.sup.4 represents a single bond or a straight- or branched-chain alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.

Abstract: .omega.-Nor-cycloalkyl-13,14-dehydro-prostaglandin compounds, specifically 5c-9-oxo-11.alpha.,15S-dihydroxy-20,19,18-tirnor-17-cyclohexyl-prost-5-en- 13-ynoic acid, the esters and salts thereof, having antiulcer and luteolytic activity, are disclosed.

Abstract: Mono-, di- and tri-esters of 3-(hydroxy or hydroxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-alpha-(aminomethyl)benzyl alcohols, obtained by methods involving reduction of the corresponding mono- and di-ester ketones, are useful for producing sympathomimetic effects, such as bronchodilation, of long duration with low cardiovascular stimulating effect, in warm-blooded mammals.

Abstract: Soft quaternary surface active agents having the formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## represents a tertiary open chain or cyclic aliphatic amine; wherein ##STR3## represents an unsaturated amine; wherein R represents a member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 open chain or cyclo alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkoxyalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 acyloxyalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 haloalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 carboxyalkyl group, an aryl group, and a substituted aryl group, whose substituents are selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, an O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 acyl group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, and a carboethoxy group; wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.9 -C.sub.22 straight or branched alkyl group, a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- ##STR4## wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, a C.sub.0 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing amidine formation during reduction of organonitriles. The process comprises including a boron compound in the reaction medium in sufficient amount to complex the amidine compound as it is formed.

Abstract: 9-deoxy-9A-methylene-isosteres of PGI.sub.2, including processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical and veterinary compositions containing same, are disclosed. The compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, for example as anti-aggregating agents, disaggregating agents, and as vasodilators.

Abstract: Active hydrogen-containing fluorochemical is used as a foam stabilizer for polyurethane foams. For example, rigid or flexible polyurethane foams with high or low density and uniform cellular structure are prepared using fluoroaliphatic radical-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) polyols as foam stabilizers.

Abstract: Analogues of PGE.sub.1 having the structural formula, ##STR1## in which J is R-hydroxymethylene or S-hydroxymethylene; R.sub.1 is hydrogen; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or together with R.sub.4 is a methylene chain of 2 to 3 carbon atoms such that a cycloalkyl of 5 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive is formed; R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl, or together with R.sub.4 is a methylene or a lower alkylated methylene chain of 2 to 5 carbon atoms such that a cycloalkyl or a lower alkylated cycloalkyl of 4 to 7 carbon atoms inclusive is formed, or together with R.sub.4 is bicycloalkyl or bicycloalkenyl moiety having the formula: ##STR2## such that a bicycloalkyl or bicycloalkenyl compound is formed, wherein m and n are integers having a value from 0 to 3, p is an integer having a value from 0 to 4 and q is an integer having a value of from 1 to 4 and wherein the double bond of such bicycloalkenyl is in the m, n, p, or q bridge; R.sub.4 is hydrogen or methyl or together with R.sub.2 or R.sub.