Abstract: Deposit control additives to maintain cleanliness in internal combustion engines are provided. The additives are hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) aminohydrocarbyloxyhydrocarbyl carbamates, also referred to as polyether aminoether carbamates.

Abstract: This invention relates to carbamates of beta-hydroxyethylsulfoxides which are useful as cosurfactants in enhanced oil recovery, surfactants and biocides, and as hydraulic fluids when of sufficiently low molecular weight.

Abstract: Polyisocyanates are produced by phosgenating a primary polyamine in the presence of at least one compound containing at least one primary and/or secondary alcoholic hydroxyl group in accordance with techniques known in the art. The reactants are used in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of primary amino groups to alcoholic hydroxyl group of from 1:0.005 to 1:0.99 is maintained during the phosgenation reaction. Where phosgenation is carried out in a two-stage process, the compound containing alcoholic hydroxyl groups must at least be present in the required quantity during the second stage. The primary polyamine may optionally be converted into a phosgenatable salt or a carbon dioxide adduct prior to being phosgenated to form the polyisocyanate. The polyisocyanates thus-produced may then be used in the production of polyurethanes or polyamines.

Abstract: A novel enantiomeric synthesis from ascorbic acid of (3S,4S)-3-amino-4-carbamoyloxymethyl-2-azetidinone-1-sulfate, an intermediate for an antibiotic compound.

Abstract: Poly(oxyalkylene) glycols and polymer-supported poly(oxyalkylene) alcohols are employed as phase-transfer reagents in blocking primary amino functionality of alkali metal salts of amino acids with a benzyloxycarbonyl group.

Abstract: Crown ethers and silacrown ethers are employed as phase-transfer reagents in blocking primary amino functionality of alkali metal salts of amino acids with a benzyloxycarbonyl group.

Abstract: N-substituted N-isocyanatocarbonyl-carbamates, some of which are new, of the general formula ##STR1## are prepared by reacting an N-substituted carbamic acid ester of the general formulaR--NH--COOR.sup.1 (II)with chlorocarbonyl isocyanate of the formulaCl--CO--NCO (III)in a diluent, at a temperature between 50.degree. and 200.degree. C. The compounds (I) can be used as intermediate products for the preparation of new pest-combating agents.

Abstract: Novel halomethyl derivatives of .alpha.-amino acids of the following general structure: wherein Y is ClCH.sub.2, F.sub.2 CH--, F.sub.3 C--, ClCH.sub.2 --, Cl.sub.2 CH--; Z is .beta.-methylthioethyl, .beta.-thioethyl, .beta.-benzylthioethyl; S-(5'-desoxyadenosin-5'-yl)-S-methylthioethyl, .gamma.-guanidinopropyl, R.sub.a HN(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- wherein n is the integer 3 or 4 or ##STR1## wherein Y.sub.2 is F.sub.2 CH--, or F.sub.3 C--; each of R.sub.a and R.sub.b can be the same or different and is hydrogen, alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, alkoxycarbonyl wherein the alkoxy moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or .rho.-hydroxybenzyl; R.sub.1 is hydroxy, a straight or branched alkoxy group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, --NR.sub.4 R.sub.5 wherein each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of peptides including higher polypeptides utilizing indenylmethoxycarbonyl blocking groups and products produced thereby.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl; R.sup.2 is lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl or cycloalkyl; R.sup.3 is hydrogen; R.sup.4 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or lower alkoxycarbonylalkyl or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are joined to form dimethyleneoxy (i.e. --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --) or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic ring, compositions containing said compounds and a method of employing said compounds as arthropod repellents.

Abstract: A process for preparing a modified aliphatic, alicyclic or araliphatic organic polyisocyanate composition which comprises heating an aliphatic, alicyclic or araliphatic organic polyisocyanate composition having at least two isocyanate groups in one molecule at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. in the presence of an aliphatic, alicyclic or araliphatic organic diisocyanate monomer in an amount of at least about 1/2 of the weight of the organic polyisocyanate composition and removing unreacted aliphatic, alicyclic or araliphatic organic diisocyanate monomer.

Abstract: A compound having a terminal isocyanate group is hydrolyzed to produce a polyamine having a urethane and/or a urea and/or a biuret group. More particularly, a carbamate is made by mixing an isocyanate prepolymer having urethane and/or urea and/or biuret groups present with aqueous base solutions at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 0.degree. C. and in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of hydroxyl to isocyanate groups is between from 0.3:1 to .gtoreq.1.01 to 1. The carbamate is then treated with an acid ion exchanger to form an amine. The amine is then removed from any other material which may be present. A preferred polyamine thus-produced corresponds to the general formula: ##STR1## in which each R radical may represent a divalent straight or branched-chain aliphatic radical; a divalent cycloaliphatic radical; a 4,4'- and/or a 2,4'-dicyclohexylmethane radical; or a 2,4- and/or 2,6-methyl cyclohexane radical.

Abstract: Novel esters of phenylalkyloxy- or phenylalkylthioacylamino acids and pyridylalkyloxy- or pyridylalkylthioacylamino acids, synthesis thereof, intermediates therefor, and the use of said esters for the control of weeds.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to novel compounds and the use thereof in producing polyurethane resins. The compounds generally correspond to the following formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 5,R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl groupY is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group or a ##STR2## and Z is a ##STR3## where n=0 or 1, X is --O-- or ##STR4## and R' is an aliphatic group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and may contain ester, ether, or amide groups or tertiary nitrogen and, when m=0, R' may be a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines are provided containing deposit control additives which maintain cleanliness of intake systems without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are hydrocarbylpoly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamates comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) moiety composed of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units and one or more 9-30 carbon oxyalkylene groups. Certain additives also find use as dispersants in lubricating oils.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the following general formula are useful pharmacological agents: ##STR1## wherein Y is FCH.sub.2 - or F.sub.2 CH-; R.sub.1 is hydroxy, a straight or branched alkoxy group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, -NR.sub.10 R.sub.11 wherein each of R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 is hydrogen or a straight or branched alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.12 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or p-hydroxybenzyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, alkoxycarbonyl wherein the alkoxy moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched or ##STR3## wherein R.sub.8 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or p-hydroxybenzyl; and n is the integer 2 or 3; pharmaceutically acceptable salts and individual optical isomers thereof.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is methylene, ethylene or ethylidene; R.sub.1 is --C.tbd.CH or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 ; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or COR wherein R is hydroxy, a straight or branched alkoxy group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, --NR.sub.4 R.sub.5 wherein each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or p-hydroxybenzyl; R.sub.a is hydrogen, ##STR3## alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, alkoxycarbonyl wherein the alkoxy moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched or ##STR4## wherein R.sub.7 is selected from hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl and p-hydroxybenzyl; and R.sub.b has the same meaning as defined for R.sub.a except R.sub.b is not ##STR5## and R.sub.a and R.sub.

Abstract: Production of urethanes by the oxycarbonylation reaction of N,N'-disubstituted ureas and organic compounds containing at least one hydroxyl group with carbon monoxide in the presence of molecular oxygen and/or organic nitro compounds and a catalyst system comprising (a) a noble metal and/or noble metal compound of the eighth subgroup of the periodic system of elements and (b) a compound of an element and/or elements of the third to fifth main group and/or first to eighth subgroup of the periodic system of elements characterized in that said compounds are capable of undergoing Redox reactions under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water soluble or water dispersible polyurethane elastomers which have a substantially linear molecular structure and which contain both ethylene oxide units incorporated in polyether chains and sulphonate groups, characterized in that they contain from about 0.5 to 20% by weight of ethylene oxide units of the formula --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O-- arranged within polyether chains and from about 0.1 to 25 milliequivalents, per 100 g of solid, of sulphonate groups of the formula --SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar. in the form of structural units of the formula--O--X--Rarranged in end positions and/or side positions, whereinX represents a polyalkylene oxide chain having from 5 to 90 chain members, at least about 40% of which chain members constitute ethylene oxide units andR represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms containing at least one sulphonate group --SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar. andto a process for their production.

Abstract: Carboxy functional addition-polymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and their volatile amine salts are disclosed, along with addition copolymers useful in coatings prepared therefrom. Both monomers and polymers decompose on heating. The monomers are bisamides comprised of a monoethylenically unsaturated amide and malonic acid half amide joined through their amide functionalities by a divalent saturated aliphatic group having 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein n is 3 to 5;Y is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2, --CH.dbd.CH-- or C.tbd.C--;L is O or S;R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or phenyl;R.sub.3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy;R.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-9 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, any of which phenyl moieties or naphthyl moieties may be substituted by one or more halogen, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, phenyl C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or nitro groups; orR.sub.2 and R.sub.4 taken with the carbon atom to which they are joined represent a C.sub.5-8 cycloalkyl group; and R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, having similar activity to natural prostaglandins, a process for their preparation, intermediates useful in that process and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Combination deposit and rust control additives for internal combustion engines are provided which maintain cleanliness of intake systems without contributing to combustion chamber deposits and corrosion. The additives are salts of organic C.sub.3 -C.sub.30 monocarboxylic acids and hydrocarbyl poly(oxyalkylene)aminocarbamates comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) chain of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units bonded through an oxycarbonyl group to a nitrogen atom of a polyamine. Fuel and lube oil compositions containing these additive salts are provided for use in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: 4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid or 2,4-diaminobutyric acid may be readily produced by a new process comprising reacting a propionic acid compound containing a .beta.-carboxamido substituent (-CONH.sub.2) on the carbon atom at the 3-position and optionally containing hydroxyl substituent and protected or unprotected amino substituent on the .alpha.-carbon atom thereof, with an alkanoic acid anhydride in liquid pyridine to convert the carboxamido group into a nitrile group, with occasional acylation of a .alpha.-hydroxyl group, occasionally removing the alkanoyl group from the .alpha.-acyloxyl group of the resulting nitrile intermediate, and then reducing the resultant nitrile compound with hydrogen to convert the nitrile group into an aminomethyl group, and further optionally removing the residual amino-protecting group from the resultant 4-aminobutyric acid compound.

Abstract: A process is provided for production of acylhydrazones of formyl-acetic acid ester of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is an alkoxy group or an amino group. A propiolic acid ester of the general formulaH--C.tbd.C--COOR.sub.1is contacted with hydrazine derivatives of the general formulaH.sub.2 N--NH--CO--R.sub.2in the presence of a solvent such as water or a lower alcohol. The resulting products are technically valuable starting materials for the production of biocides, for example of 1,2,3-thiadiazole derivatives.

Abstract: Deposit control additives for internal combustion engines are provided which maintain cleanliness of intake systems withcut contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are hydrocarbylpoly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamates comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) chain of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units bonded through an oxycarbonyl group to a nitrogen atom of a diamine.

Abstract: Copolymerizable blocked isocyanate diols are prepared by reacting a blocking agent with an isocyanate group of an organic diisocyanate under controlled conditions, thereby forming a blocked isocyanate group, and reacting the second isocyanate group in a subsequent step with the amine portion of a selected amine diol under anhydrous conditions. The resultant products are used to prepare self-crosslinkable, linear polyurethanes of high molecular weight.

Abstract: Compounds of the following general formula are irreversible inhibitors of pancreatic elastase: ##STR1## wherein M is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, benzyloxy or --NY.sub.1 Y.sub.2 wherein each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R is CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2 or CH.sub.2 F; R.sub.1 is straight or branched lower alkyl; R.sub.2 is defined the same as R.sub.1 or is benzyl; R.sub.30 is CHO, carbobenzoxy, tert-butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl or lower alkanoyl; X is pro, ala or leu and Y and Z together form a single bond; or Y-X is ala-pro, ala-ala or ala-leu and Z forms a single bond; and Z-Y-X is ala-ala-pro, ala-ala-ala or pro-ala-leu.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines are provided containing deposit control additives which maintain cleanliness of intake systems without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are hydrocarbylpoly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamates comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) moiety composed of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units and one or more 9-30 carbon oxyalkylene groups. Certain additives also find use as dispersants in lubricating oils.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is methylene, ethylene or ethylidene; R.sub.1 is --C.tbd.CH or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 ; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or COR wherein R is hydroxy, a straight or branched alkoxy group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, --NR.sub.4 R.sub.5 wherein each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or p-hydroxybenzyl; R.sub.a is hydrogen, ##STR3## alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, alkoxycarbonyl wherein the alkoxy moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched or ##STR4## wherein R.sub.7 is selected from hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl and p-hydroxybenzyl; and R.sub.b has the same meaning as defined for R.sub.a except R.sub.b is not ##STR5## and R.sub.a and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of urethanes is provided in which an organic primary or secondary amine is contacted, in the substantial absence of reactive oxygen, with a source of carbon monoxide and an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group in the presence of a catalyst comprising a member selected from the group consisting of carbonyls of Co, Mo, Ti, Rh, Fe, Ni and mixtures thereof. Urethane yields and selectivities are further improved by conducting the reaction in the additional presence of an organic compound containing at least one C.dbd.N or C.dbd.C group. When such unsaturated organic compounds are employed, the catalyst can additionally comprise iridium carbonyl.

Abstract: Novel acetylenic derivatives of .alpha.-amino acids of the following general structure: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, alkoxycarbonyl wherein the alkoxy moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, or ##STR2## is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or .rho.-hydroxybenzyl; each R.sub.1 is the same and is hydroxy, a straight or branched alkoxy group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 wherein each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and can be the same or different, or ##STR3## wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or .rho.-hydroxybenzyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and individual optical isomers thereof.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbamates is provided in which an organic primary or secondary amine is contacted, in the substantial absence of reactive oxygen, with a source of carbon monoxide, an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group, and a metal reactant comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds and complexes of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbamates is provided in which an organic primary or secondary amine is contacted, in the substantial absence of reactive oxygen, with a source of carbon monoxide, an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group and a source of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of non-halide compounds and complexes of metals of Groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB and IIIA of the Periodic Table. Further improved results are obtained by employing in the reaction zone at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of metals of Group IA and IIA of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbamates is provided which comprises contacting an organic primary or secondary amine with a source of carbon monoxide, an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group and a source of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, in the presence of a catalyst for the reaction and in the presence of at least one member selected from the group consisting of disulfides of the formulaR.sup.1 --S--S--R.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 comprise members selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkanoyl, aranoyl, halogenated derivatives of the foregoing groups, and derivatives of the foregoing groups in which one or more carbon atoms is replaced by an oxygen atom.

Abstract: The amino acid 2-amino-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-trans-but-3-enoic acid can be conveniently prepared via novel intermediates from a 2,2'-disubstituted diethyl ether and a dialkyl N-protected amidomalonate starting material using a multi-step process. Preferred starting materials are bis-2-chloroethyl ether and diethyl acetamidomalonate. The process, in a preferred embodiment, proceeds through the key intermediate ethyl-2-acetamido-4-[2-(2-phthalimido)ethoxy]-but-2-enoate.

Abstract: Semicarbazones and carbalkoxy hydrazones substituted in 2 position are synthesized by alkylation of the corresponding semicarbazones and carbalkoxy hydrazones, using alkyl halides or alkyl sulphates as alkylating agents.

Abstract: Deposit control additives for internal combustion engines are provided which maintain cleanliness of intake systems without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are poly(oxyalkylene) carbamates comprising a hydrocarbyloxy-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) chain of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units bonded through an oxycarbonyl group to a nitrogen atom of ethylenediamine.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines are provided containing dispersant additives which prevent sludge and varnish formation in the crankcase. The additives are oil-soluble poly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamates comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) chain of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines are provided containing deposit control additives which maintain cleanliness of intake systems without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are hydrocarbylpoly(oxyalkylene)aminocarbamates comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) moiety composed of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units and one or more 9-30 carbon oxyalkylene groups. Certain additives also find use as dispersants in lubricating oils.

Abstract: An N-[(N-nitrosoalkylamino)methyl]carbamic acid ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is lower alkyl or aryl-substituted lower alkyl; and R.sup.2 is lower alkyl, which is an excellent diazoalkane generating agent, can be produced by reacting a carbamic acid ester with formaldehyde and a hydrohalide of alkylamine followed by the reaction with nitrous acid, an alkali nitrite or an alkyl nitrite.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines are provided which contain deposit control additives which maintain cleanliness of intake systems without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are poly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamates comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) moiety composed of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units.

Abstract: A mercaptoisocyanate having the formula ##STR1## where R is an alkylene group having 2-6 carbon atoms andR.sup.1 is an aliphatic group, a cycloaliphatic group or an aromatic group;The mercaptoisocyanate is a useful intermediate for preparing graft copolymers.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines are provided which contain deposit control additives which maintain cleanliness of intake systems without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are polyloxyalkylene carbamates comprising a hydroxy- or hydrocarbyloxy-terminated polyloxyalkylene chain of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units bonded through an oxycarbonyl group to a nitrogen atom of a polyamine having from 2 to 10 amine nitrogens and from 2 to 40 carbons with a carbon:nitrogen ratio between about 1:1 and 10:1.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of polyisocyanate mixtures containing biuret groups by the reaction of organic diisocyanates with compounds which react with isocyanate groups to form biuret groups, to the polyisocyanate mixtures obtained by this process and to the use thereof for the preparation of polyurethane resins by the isocyanate polyaddition process.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-benzimidazole carbamate compounds by condensing an alkyl cyano carbamate with an o-phenylenediamine produced by reacting an ortho-nitro-aniline with thiocyanogen followed by replacement of the cyanide with an alkyl group and then converting the nitro group to the amine.

Abstract: Novel vinyl derivatives of .alpha.-amino acids of the following general structure: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, alkoxycarbonyl wherein the alkoxy moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or p-hydroxybenzyl; Z is R.sub.1 OCCH.dbd.CH-- or R.sub.1 OC(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3; each R.sub.1 is the same and is hydroxy, a straight or branched alkoxy group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 wherein each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and can be the same or different, or ##STR3## wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or p-hydroxybenzyl; and the lactams thereof when Z is R.sub.1 OC(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Cellular and non-cellular polyurethane plastics and semi-hard polyurethane foams which are prepared by the use of novel Mannich bases of the general formula ##STR1## and which have improved strength and tear resistance are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Novel acetylenic derivatives of amines of the following general structure: ##STR1## WHEREIN Z is .beta.-methylthioethyl, .beta.-benzylthioethyl, S-(5'-desoxyadenosin-5'-yl)-S-methylthioethyl, .gamma.-guanidinopropyl, or ##STR2## WHEREIN N IS 2 OR 3 AND R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms with the proviso that when R.sub.1 is other than hydrogen, n is 2; and each of R.sub.a and R.sub.b is hydrogen, alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, alkoxycarbonyl wherein the alkoxy moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and is straight or branched, or ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, a straight or branched lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl or .rho.-hydroxybenzyl; with the provisos that when Z is .beta.-benzylthioethyl or S-(5'-desoxyadenosin-5'-yl)-S-methylthioethyl, R.sub.b is hydrogen, and when Z is ##STR4## EACH OF R.sub.a and R.sub.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts act as phase transfer catalysts when present in reactions of alkoxycarbonylcyanamide with di-C.sub.1-3 alkyl sulfate.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts act as phase transfer catalysts when present in reactions of alkoxycarbonylcyanamide with di-C.sub.1-3 alkyl sulfate.