Abstract: There is provided a solvent composition which is a stable solvent composition which is excellent in solubility of various organic substances, has a sufficient drying property, and has no adverse effect on a global environment, is stabilized not to decompose, and moreover suppresses metal corrosion under coexistence with metal, and which can be used without having an adverse effect on articles of various materials such as metal, plastic, and elastomer in a wide range of industrial uses such as cleaning and dilution coating uses. A solvent composition including: a solvent (A) including (Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene; and a stabilizer (B) consisting of HCFC whose boiling point at normal pressure is not lower than 30° C. nor higher than 60° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovery of noble products from heavy (meth)acrylic fractions generated during production of (meth)acrylic esters by transesterification, the heavy fractions comprising at least noble products and Michael adducts, the process comprising the steps of: (i) adding at least one antifouling agent and optionally a viscosity-reducing compound to the heavy fractions; (ii) submitting the mixture to temperature and distillation conditions sufficient to crack the Michael adducts into their components; and (iii) recovering the noble products in the form of a stream of distillate, and of a final residue that is sufficiently fluid to be transported by pump.

Abstract: Beta aminocrotonates are important intermediates for the synthesis of Ca channel blockers. The processes available in the art are batch processes with yields about 85%. There are no continuous processes available for the synthesis of such compounds. This gap in the art is addressed by the invention by disclosing a continuous process resulting in high yields of beta amino crotonates.

Abstract: The instant invention describes a novel asymmetric synthesis of fluoroleucine alkyl esters which utilizes a phase transfer catalyst and a solid additive.

Abstract: This invention relates to a resolution process for the preparation of fluoroleucine alkyl esters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovery of noble products from heavy (meth)acrylic fractions generated during production of (meth)acrylic esters by transesterification, the heavy fractions comprising at least noble products and Michael adducts, the process comprising the steps of: (i) adding at least one antifouling agent and optionally a viscosity-reducing compound to the heavy fractions; (ii) submitting the mixture to temperature and distillation conditions sufficient to crack the Michael adducts into their components; and (iii) recovering the noble products in the form of a stream of distillate, and of a final residue that is sufficiently fluid to be transported by pump.

Abstract: Beta aminocrotonates are important intermediates for the synthesis of Ca channel blockers. The processes available in the art are batch processes with yields about 85%. There are no continuous processes available for the synthesis of such compounds. This gap in the art is addressed by the invention by disclosing a continuous process resulting in high yields of beta amino crotonates.

Abstract: Methods of producing plant polyols from plant oils include reacting a plant oil with a designed reactant having one or more nucleophilic functional groups and one or more active hydrogen functional groups in the presence of an addition reaction catalyst in a single reaction step. The resultant polyols may be directly reacted with polyisocyanates to produce polyurethanes.

Abstract: Method of producing a nanoparticle suspension with the steps (i) preparation of an emulsion of a disperse polar phase, where the aqueous phase comprises one or more precursor substances forming the nanoparticles, in a continuous organic phase in the presence of an emulsifier stabilizing the emulsion, (ii) conversion of the one or more precursor substances to nanoparticles in the disperse aqueous phase, (iii) breaking of the emulsion and phase separation, where the nanoparticle suspension is obtained as one phase, (iv) separation off of the nanoparticle suspension, (v) optionally isolation of the nanoparticles from the nanoparticle suspension, wherein the emulsifier is selected from compounds of the general formula (I) in which X is O, NH, Y is C(O), NH, R is a saturated or a mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and R1 is hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl, and R2 is a saturated or a mono- or polyunsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 car

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an optically active N-(halopropyl)amino acid derivative, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining a compound represented by formula (III) by reacting an optically active alanine ester represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an “alanine ester”) with a halogenated propane represented by formula (II); and obtaining an optically active N-(halopropyl)amino acid derivative represented by formula (IV) by introducing a protecting group onto the nitrogen atom of the compound represented by formula (III). The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing an optically active N-(halopropyl)amino acid derivative.

Abstract: By reacting a ?-hydroxy-?-amino acid with sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) in the presence of an organic base, it is possible to produce an ?-fluoro-?-amino acid of the formula [2]. By using a C8-12 tertiary amine having two or more alkyl groups of C3 or higher, and especially diisopropylethylamine, as the organic base, by-production of quantery ammonium salts is effectively suppressed. By applying the production process of the present invention, it is possible to very easily produce (2R)-3-(dibenzylamino)-2-fluoropropionic acid methyl ester, which is extremely important as a pharmaceutical intermediate, with high positional selectivity even on an industrial scale.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (a): CH2?CR1—CONJ-CKR2—(CH2)n—COO-Q1-Rf1??(a) is provided. This compound is capable of forming a polymer having an oil repellency equivalent to polymers containing a polyfluoroalkyl group containing at least 8 carbon atoms, although the polyfluoroalkyl group contains up to 6 carbon atoms. In the formula, R1 is hydrogen atom or methyl group, R2 is hydrogen atom or a group represented by —(CH2)m—COO-Q2-Rf2 (r), n and m are independently an integer of 0 to 4, Rf1 and Rf2 are independently a polyfluoroalkyl group or a polyfluoroether group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Q1 and Q2 are independently single bond or a divalent linkage group, J is hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, K is hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and j and k are independently single bond or an alkylene group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms with the proviso that j and k are not simultaneously single bond.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fluorine-containing polymer compound comprising a repeating unit (a) of the following general formula (2) and having a weight-average molecular weight of 1000 to 1000000 where R1 represents a polymerizable double bond-containing group; R2 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an acid labile group, a cross-linking site or the other monovalent organic group; and W1 represents a linking moiety. When the fluorine-containing polymer compound is used in a resist compound for pattern formation by high energy radiation of 300 nm or less wavelength or electron beam radiation, it is possible to form a resist pattern with a good rectangular profile.

Abstract: Provided are surface modified contact lenses formed from one or more fumaric- or itaconic-containing prepolymers having reactive functionality that is complimentary to surface modifying polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an optically active N-(halopropyl)amino acid derivative, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining a compound represented by formula (III) by reacting an optically active alanine ester represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an “alanine ester”) with a halogenated propane represented by formula (II); and obtaining an optically active N-(halopropyl)amino acid derivative represented by formula (IV) by introducing a protecting group onto the nitrogen atom of the compound represented by formula (III). The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing an optically active N-(halopropyl)amino acid derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a (meth)acrylate monomer of the general formula (I) in which R1 is hydrogen or a methyl group, X is oxygen or a group of the formula NR? in which R? is hydrogen or a radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, Y is oxygen, sulphur or a group of the formula NR?, in which R? represents hydrogen or a radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R3 is an unsaturated radical having 8 carbon atoms and at least two double bonds. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing the monomers set out above, to polymers obtainable from this monomer mixture, and to coating materials which comprise the stated polymers.

Abstract: Compounds of the following formula are provided for use with kinases: wherein the variables are as defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds; methods and intermediates useful for making the compounds; and methods of using said compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the production of 3-amino-5-fluoro-4-dialkoxypentanoic acid ester used in the precursor of 3-amino-5-fluoro-4-oxopentanoic acid, represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in the Description.

Abstract: By reacting a ?-hydroxy-?-amino acid with sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) in the presence of an organic base, it is possible to produce an ?-fluoro-?-amino acid of the formula [2]. By using a C8-12 tertiary amine having two or more alkyl groups of C3 or higher, and especially diisopropylethylamine, as the organic base, by-production of quantery ammonium salts is effectively suppressed. By applying the production process of the present invention, it is possible to very easily produce (2R)-3-(dibenzylamino)-2-fluoropropionic acid methyl ester, which is extremely important as a pharmaceutical intermediate, with high positional selectivity even on an industrial scale.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing through a small number of steps an N-substituted 2-amino-4-(substituted-oxymethylphosphinyl)-2-butenoic ester which is an intermediate for herbicide L-AMPB. The process comprises reacting a compound represented by the following formula (1): (where R1 represents C1-4 alkyl group) with a compound represented by the following formula (2): (wherein R2, R2?, and R3 each represents C1-4 alkyl and R4 represents benzyloxycarbonyl) in the presence of a base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to active bactericidal, antibacterial, anti-infective, antimicrobial, sporicidal, disinfectant, antifungal and antiviral compounds and compositions and to new uses of these compositions in therapy. This specification also describes methods of use for the new compounds and compositions. The specification further describes methods for preparing these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to drugs consisting of unsaturated fatty amino-acid derivatives of the general formula (I), and to their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, in which: X is oxygen or NH, Rn are independently hydrogen or a (C1-C6)alkyl optionally substituted by halogen; R1 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or a CF3 or CHF2 or a (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkenyl or (C1-C6)alkynyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms; R is hydrogen or a (C1-C6)alkyl or (C3-C6)cycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms; Ra and Rb are independently hydrogen (C1-C6)alkyl or (C1-C6)acyl, and Ra and Rb a hydrocarbonated cycle containing 4 to 6 carbon atoms; and n is an integer between 2 and 14.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 4-aminobut-2-enolides and also corresponding intermediates and starting compounds which are passed through or used in the process according to the invention.

Abstract: Copolyesters containing secondary hydroxyl groups are useful polyols for manufacturing polyurethanes. These can be prepared by reacting a secondary hydroxyl-containing fatty acid or ester thereof with an initiator containing hydroxyl and/or primary or secondary amino groups. A copolyester of particular interest includes a poly(ethylene oxide) segment derived from a poly(ethylene oxide) initiator.

Abstract: Methods of producing plant polyols from plant oils include reacting a plant oil with a designed reactant having one or more nucleophilic functional groups and one or more active hydrogen functional groups in the presence of an addition reaction catalyst in a single reaction step. The resultant polyols may be directly reacted with polyisocyanates to produce polyurethanes.

Abstract: A method for cosmetic treatment of cicatricial tissues comprising the step of applying to the cicatricial tissue a cosmetic product which contains one or more cyanoacrylates.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel AKBA analogs of the formula I given below: Where in R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 in each of the said analogs are: 1. R1?OCHO, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 2. R1?OCOCH2Cl, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 3. R1=5?-O-methylgalloyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 4. R1?OCOCH2CH2COOH, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 5. R1=8?,9?-Dihydro-4?-hydroxycinnamoyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 6. R1=4?-Hydroxycinnamoyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 7. R1=3?,4?-Dimethoxycinnamoyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 8. R1=3?,4?-Dihydroxy-5?-methoxycinnamoyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 9. R1?OCOCH2NH(tert-BOC), R2?H, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 10. R1?OCOCH2NH2HCl, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 11. R1?OCOCH(CH3)NH2HCl, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 12. R1?H, R2?OH, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 13. R1?H, R2?Br, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 14. R1?CN, R2?H, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 15. R1?SH, R2?H, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 16. R1 & R2?N(OH), R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 17.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing asymmetrical mono-substituted alkylated compounds of ?-amino acids that are represented by a specific formula, using an aldimine-type Schiff base. In the method of the present invention, the process of alkylating an aldimine-type Schiff base in a medium in the presence of an optically-active quaternary ammonium salt phase-transfer catalyst and an inorganic base is initiated, and subsequently the reaction is quenched at a time earlier than a time for completion of the stoichiometric reaction of the alkylation reaction, so that a mono-substituted alkylated product with high optical purity can be obtained.

Abstract: An ionic liquid is disclosed A precursor composition that comprises at least one ionic liquid and at least one energetic material is also disclosed, as is a method of synthesizing an ionic liquid and a method of desensitizing an explosive composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stereoselective preparation of fluoroleucine alkyl esters.

Abstract: Surfactants of formula (I) wherein each R is independently hydrogen or a C1 to C4 alkyl group; A is independently hydrogen or —C(O)—O—B; Ro is a linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic group, or combination thereof, having from about 2 to about 100 carbon atoms, interrupted or substituted by 1 to about 50 hydrophilic groups, said hydrophilic groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amino, ether and mixtures thereof; wherein specific ratios of and bonding of hydrophilic groups to carbon atoms is required; each B is independently of specific formulae containing perfluoroalkyl and —S(CH2)t—, and m, d, n, and t are 0 or integers with specific limitations.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to hexafluoroleucine and congeners thereof, and methods of making the compounds. Another aspect of the invention relates to the synthesis of protein cores comprising hexafluoroleucine and congeners thereof. Certain peptides comprising hexafluoroleucine and congeners thereof have been characterized using comparative biophysical studies. In general, the fluorinated peptides show higher thermal stability and enhanced resistance to chemical denaturation. Further, mixed hydrocarbon-fluorocarbon cores self-sort into homogeneous bundles, suggesting new avenues for the design and manipulation of protein-protein interfaces.

Abstract: The invention concerns compounds of formula (1) wherein in particular G represents the —N(CH3)2—, —N(C2H5)2-group or N-pyrrolidine: n is an integer equal to 1 or 2: R1, R2 and R3, independently of one another, represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, the successive unsaturated units capable of being moreover identical or different, provided that at least one of the substituents R1, R2 and R3 is different from H: and Y1 and Y2 represent each a —COOCH3 group or a COOC2H5 group.

Abstract: A process for a stereoselective preparation of novel chiral nitrogen mustard derivatives useful in synthesizing optically active 1,4-disubstituted piperazines of formula: wherein R, Ar, and Q are defined as set forth herein, and intermediate compounds therefor. The 1,4-disubstituted piperazines act as 5HT1A receptor binding agents useful in the treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders. The intermediate compounds of Formula II and IV as set forth herein are also included.

Abstract: The invention concerns compounds of formula (1) wherein in particular G represents the —N(CH3)2—, —N(C2H5)2-group or N-pyrrolidine: n is an integer equal to 1 or 2: R1, R2 and R3, independently of one another, represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, the successive unsaturated units capable of being moreover identical or different, provided that at least one of the substituents R1, R2 and R3 is different from H: and Y1 and Y2 represent each a —COOCH3 group or a —COOC2H5 group.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing substituted acrylic acid esters and to the use of the latter for producing substituted ?-amino acids, such as gabapentin and pregabalin. The substituted acrylic acid esters are produced by Wadsworth-Emmons olefination with trialkyl phosphonoacetate in the presence of alkali carbonate as the base, in an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to hexafluoroleucine and congeners thereof, and methods of making the compounds. Another aspect of the nvention relates to the synthesis of protein cores comprising hexafluoroleucine and congeners thereof. Certain peptides comprising hexafluorleucine and congeners thereof have been characterized using comparative biophysical studies. In general, the fluorinated peptides show higher thermal stability and enhanced resistance to chemical denaturation. Further, mixed hydrocarbonfluorocarbon cores self-sort into homogeneous bundles, suggesting new avenues for the design and manipulation of protein-protein interfaces.

Abstract: Compositions including a conjugate of ?-difluoromethylornithine can be applied topically to reduce hair growth.

Abstract: The invention concerns compounds of formula (1) wherein in particular G represents the —N(CH3)2—, —N(C2H5)2— group or N-pyrrolidine: n is an integer equal to 1 or 2: R1, R2 and R3, independently of one another, represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, the successive unsaturated units capable of being moreover identical or different, provided that at least one of the substituents R1, R2 and R3 is different from H; and Y1 and Y2 represent each a —COOCH3 group or a —COOC2H5 group.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorocrotonic esters of the formula (I) or the E/Z isomers or tautomeric forms thereof where R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted linear C1–C4-alkyl radical or an optionally substituted benzyl radical and R3 is methyl or ethyl, which comprises a) reacting an alkyl trifluoroacetate with an alkyl acetate of the formula CH3—CO—OR3 and an alkali metal alkoxide to give an enolate of a trifluoroacetoacetic ester of the formula (II) where M is sodium or potassium and R3 is as defined above, and subsequently b) allowing the alkali metal enolate of the trifluoroacetoacetic ester from stage a) to react without further purification directly with an amine of the formula NHR1R2 in the presence of an acid to give the 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorocrotonic ester. With the aid of this two-stage process, the 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorocrotonic esters can be prepared in high yields without significant by-products.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates by transesterification from C1-C4-alkyl (meth)acrylates and aminoalcohols is described, in which process the transesterification is carried out in the presence of at least one distannoxane of the general formula (1) wherein R=linear, cyclic or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl radical, and the radicals R may be identical or different from one another, Y=halogen, preferably Cl, Br; pseudo-halogen, preferably SCN; OH, OAc or OR, the radicals Y being identical or different from one another, as catalyst, and the use of the aminoalkyl(meth)acrylates prepared according to the process in the preparation of cationic monomers.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing L and D-5,5,5,5?,5?,5?-hexafluoroleucine and protected analogs is disclosed. These compounds have utility in the preparation of fluorous peptides and proteins, which display interesting and unusual properties including strong self-association and an affinity for lipid bilayers.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing L and D-5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-hexafluoroleucine and protected analogs is disclosed. These compounds have utility in the preparation of fluorous peptides and proteins, which display interesting and unusual properties including strong self-association and an affinity for lipid bilayers.

Abstract: The present invention provides biodegradable polyesters based on lower hydroxy acids and hydroxy fatty acids. The resulting polyesters are useful as cosmetic vehicles for sunscreens, skin lotions and by themselves are also useful as milder skin exfoliants.

Abstract: According to the invention there is proposed a process for the preparation of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methylamino-crotonic acid esters by dehydrating trifluoroacetoacetic acid esters and methylamine in the presence of an inert reaction medium and of a C1-C4carboxylic acid, in which process the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 75 to 100° C. without isolation of intermediates and the water that forms during the reaction is removed continuously from the reaction medium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (X-a) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof, wherein: R1 is selected from the group consisting of: C1-5 alkyl substituted with 0-5 R1a, —(CH2)r—C3-10 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-5 R1a, and —(CH2)r-aryl substituted with 0-5 R1a. Compounds of Formula (X-a) are macrocyclic molecules containing anti-succinate residues which inhibit metalloproteinases such as aggrecanase, and the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The anti-succinates are formed by an Ireland Claisen rearrangement of a silyl ketene acetal which proceeds with high stereoselectivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides biodegradable polyesters based on lower hydroxy acids and hydroxy fatty acids. The resulting polyesters are useful as cosmetic vehicles for sunscreens, skin lotions and by themselves are also useful as milder skin exfoliants.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a series of acrylic cross-linking agents containing two or more dehydroalanine moieties (H2C═C(NHCOR′)COOR) per monomer. Monomers of the general structure H2C═C(NHCOCH3)COO(CH2)iOO(CH3CONH) C═CH2 with i=4, 5, and 8 can be polymerized or copolymerized under UV-curing conditions or by simple heating above melting point, leading to cross-linked polymeric materials. When polymerized on metallic surfaces, exceptional adhesion is obtained with no need for additional adhesion enhancers.

Abstract: Perfluorinated esters of alkanoyl-L-carnitine of the formula (I): are useful as cationic lipids for the intracellular delivery of pharmacologically active compounds.

Abstract: The present invention discloses halogenated 2-amino-5,6 heptenoic acid derivatives useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.