Abstract: Fatty acid derivatives represented by the general formula ##STR1## and salts thereof. The compounds of this invention have excellent fibrinolytic action and a highly improved solubility.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alpha-haloalkylesters, wherein an acylhalide having the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and Hal represents chlorine or bromine is contacted with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalytic system comprising at least one Group VIII element.

Abstract: Certain 2-substituted-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid compounds and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof can be prepared from the appropriate xanthate or trithiocarbonate by desulfurization and addition of an electrophilic sulfur compound followed by halogenation and ring closure. The corresponding desulfurized and halogenated olefinic intermediates are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention concerns the improved preparation of alkanol and glycol esters, such as ethylene glycol diesters, by reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising ruthenium and a quaternary aryl or alkaryl phosphonium salt and a liquid phase medium containing a carboxylic acid co-reactant.

Abstract: The process for hydroxylating olefins with oxygen in the presence of water, an osmium-halide (e.g., OsBr.sub.3) catalyst and transition metal containing co-catalyst (CuBr.sub.2) is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for hydroxylating olefins, such as ethylene or propylene, using an osmium oxide catalyst such as OsO.sub.4, a carboxylate salt co-catalyst, such as sodium acetate, and organic hydroperoxide oxidant is disclosed.

Abstract: An acetal is produced at a high yield and a high selectivity by contacting an olefin and an alcohol with each other in the presence of (a) a nitrite, (b) a platinum group metal or the salts thereof and (c) a halide at a high reaction rate without requirement of any troublesome operations for the separation, recovery and regeneration of the catalyst.

Abstract: An acetal is produced at a high yield and a high selectivity by contacting an olefin and an alcohol with each other in the presence of (a) a nitrite, (b) a platinum group metal or the salts thereof and (c) a halide at a high reaction rate without requirement of any troublesome operations for the separation, recovery and regeneration of the catalyst.

Abstract: An acetal is produced at a high yield and a high selectivity by contacting an olefin and an alcohol with each other in the presence of (a) a nitrite, (b) a platinum group metal or the salts thereof and (c) a halide at a high reaction rate without requirement of any troublesome operations for the separation, recovery and regeneration of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process directed to the hydroxylation of olefins by reacting said olefins in the presence of oxygen, water, and a catalyst composition comprising (i) a catalytically active osmium containing compound, (ii) a Co-catalyst I comprising a copper containing compound such as CuBr.sub.2, and (iii) a Co-catalyst II capable of increasing the rate and/or selectivity of the hydroxylation reaction, such as 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2.] octane is disclosed.

Abstract: A process directed to the hydroxylation of olefins by reacting said olefins in the presence of oxygen, water, and a catalyst composition comprising (i) a catalytically active osmium containing compound, (ii) a Co-catalyst I comprising a copper containing compound such as CuBr.sub.2, and (iii) a Co-catalyst II capable of increasing the rate and/or selectivity of the hydroxylation reaction, such as pyridine is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for hydroxylating olefins, such as ethylene or propylene, using an oxidant selected from organic hydroperoxides, H.sub.2 O.sub.2, and oxygen and a catalyst composition comprising at least one osmium carbonyl catalyst, such as Os.sub.3 (CO).sub.12, and optionally at least one cocatalyst such as NaI, is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for hydroxylating olefins with an organic hydroperoxide and water in the presence of an osmium containing catalyst (e.g. OsO.sub.4) and an organic halogenated hydrocarbon co-catalyst (e.g., n-butyl iodide) is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the co-production of an alkylidene dicarboxylate and a carboxylic acid, which comprises hydrogenating a carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of carbon monoxide and a homogeneous iridium- and/or rhodium-containing catalyst, together with an organo phosphorus (III), arsenic (III), or antimony (III) compound and either molecular oxygen or a phosphorus (V), arsenic (V) or antimony (V) compound containing a X=O moiety, where X is a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom.

Abstract: Reaction of glyoxylic acid with a C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 alcohol capable of forming an azeotrope with water to form the C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 alkyl glyoxylate or alkyl glyoxylate alkyl hemiacetal, reacting the intermediate with acrylamide and optionally with a C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 alcohol to form the C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 alkyl acrylamidoglycolate or alkyl acrylamidoglycolate alkyl ether in essentially polymer free form which are readily converted by transesterification/etherification or transesterification/transetherification with methanol into predominately methyl acrylamidoglycolate methyl ether preferably in liquid form.

Abstract: Alkyl esters, such as ethyl acetate, are prepared by contacting the corresponding next lower carbon number alkyl ester, such as methyl acetate, with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of an iodine or iodide-free catalyst composition comprising a ruthenium-containing compound, a cobalt containing compound and a quaternary phosphonium salt or base, and heating the mixture to an elevated temperature and pressure for sufficient time to produce the desired higher alkyl ester, and then recovering the same from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for hydroxylating olefins using a supported osmium catalyst such as Os.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 adsorbed on a support, such as MgO, and optionally in conjunction with a co-catalyst such as NaI, is disclosed.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Butanetriol is produced by hydroformylation of a solution of glycidol and reduction of the hydroformylation reaction products.

Abstract: A process directed to the hydroxylation of olefins by reacting said olefins with an oxygen containing gas and water in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising (i) a catalytically active metal oxide such as OsO.sub.4, (ii) as a co-catalyst I a transition metal salt such as CuBr.sub.2, and (iii) optionally a co-catalyst II salt such as tetra ethyl ammonium bromide is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the process for making glyoxylate hemiacetals comprising reacting an alcohol of the formula ROH where R is alkyl, or reacting a formate ester of the formula ##STR1## where R is alkyl, with CO under pressure in the presence of a basic initiator of the formula M.sup.+ (OR).sup.- where M is an alkali metal and R is alkyl, and in the presence of a complexing agent for M.sup.+ having O and/or N donor atoms capable of solvating M.sup.+ or in the presence of a basic initiator of the formula NR".sub.4.sup.+ (OR).sup.- where each R" is the same or a different alkyl or aralkyl and R is alkyl.

Abstract: Novel compositions of matter consisting of benzene sulfonate quaternary ammonium salts have been found to be possessed of very good antistatic, emollient and substantive properties. They are prepared by reacting the amide or ester with the requisite sulfonate.

Abstract: Soft quaternary surface active agents having the formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## represents a tertiary open chain or cyclic aliphatic amine; wherein ##STR3## represents an unsaturated amine; wherein R represents a member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 open chain or cyclo alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkoxyalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 acyloxyalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 haloalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 carboxyalkyl group, an aryl group, and a substituted aryl group, whose substituents are selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, an O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 acyl group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, and a carboethoxy group; wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.9 -C.sub.22 straight or branched alkyl group, a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- ##STR4## wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, a C.sub.0 -C.sub.

Abstract: Novel, transient prodrug forms of dopa and dopamine have (i) the structural formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, R.sup.3 -CO- and ##STR2## wherein X is O, S or NR.sup.6 ; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or --COOR.sup.8 ; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or OR; R.sup.

Abstract: Zwitterionic surfactant compounds are made readily biodegradable in the environment by the inclusion of a biochemically and/or hydrolytically labile chemical linkage located between the cationic and anionic charge centers of the compounds and anywhere from the second to the tenth atom distant from the cationic charge center. The biodegradable linkage is preferably an ester or amide. The alkoxylated zwitterionic surfactants herein exhibit outstanding particulate soil removal performance and are also effective in removing oily soils from fabrics, in addition to being readily biodegradable. Also described are detergent compositions containing the zwitterionic surfactants, and, optionally containing cosurfactants and detergent builders.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the manufacture of polyols, principally utilizable in the synthesis of polyurethanes, which are ester/ether copolymers with hydroxylated terminal groups obtained by the direct copolymerization of a lactone and a vicinal epoxide in the presence of a chain initiator possessing at least two labile hydrogen atoms per mole and of an alkaline catalyst.

Abstract: The use of acetals as aldehyde generators in foodstuff applications is disclosed.

Abstract: 3-Alkoxy-2-alkyl-propionic acid derivatives are prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the acrylic acid analogs. The latter are obtained by CO treatment of lower alkyl esters of alkanoic acids having 3-6 carbon atoms in the presence of alkali metal methylate and condensation of the resulting 2-formylalkanoic acids or their alkali metal enolates with compounds of the formula X--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --Z wherein X is Cl, Br, or OH, and Z is Cl, Br, I, alkyl- or arylsulfonyl, or OH.

Abstract: Novel ester diol alkoxylate urethane-acrylates comprising the reaction products of an ester diol alkoxylate, such as 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropionate, and an organic polyiosocyanate, capped by an hydroxyalkyl acrylate and curable compositions thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are additives for hydrocarbon fuels which are the reaction products of a polyamine and an alkyl ester of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid. A preferred composition is a mixture of the reaction product and oxygenated or non-oxygenated mono- or polyamines.

Abstract: Mono- and dicarboxylic acid esters of 1,2-dihydroxyalkanes of the formulae ##STR1## wherein A represents a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of alkylene having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkylene having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 hydroxys, alkenylene having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkylene having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, phenylene, alkylphenylene having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl; R.sub.1 represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms; and R.sub.

Abstract: Novel, biodegradable cationic surface-active agents are disclosed. These compounds, when used in laundry detergent compositions together with selected nonionic surfactants, provide excellent removal of particulate and greasy/oily soils, as well as providing fabric softening, static control, and dye transfer inhibition benefits to the laundered fabrics.

Abstract: A disubstituted derivative of glycerol has the formula ##STR1## wherein one of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 represents -YR' and the other represents hydroxy, R and R' represent a saturated and branched hydrocarbon residue of a ROH or R'OH alcohol or a R--CO.sub.2 H or R'CO.sub.2 H acid, the said alcohol or acid containing from 6-10 carbon atoms, and X and Y each independently represent oxygen or ##STR2## linked to R or R' through the free bond of the carbon atom of the carbonyloxy group. The said disubstituted derivative of glycerol is employed as an oily excipient in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: Cationic dyestuffs of the formula[(D--N.dbd.N--K) (--R).sub.n ].sup.m.sym. m An.crclbar.whereinD denotes the radical of a diazo component,K denotes the radical of a coupling component,m and n independently of one another denote 1 or 2,An.crclbar. denotes an anion andR denotes a radical of the general formulae--A--O --(B--O).sub.p --E--A--O--CO--F--O--(B--O).sub.p --E or--A--(O--F).sub.p.sbsb.1 --CO--O--(B--O).sub.p --EwhereinA represents optionally substituted alkylene with 2 to 4 C-atoms or a direct bond,B represents optionally substituted alkylene with 2 to 4 C atoms,E represents hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, formyl, alkylcarbonyl or alkenylcarbonyl or optionally substituted phenylcarbonyl, phenylalkylcarbonyl, phenoxyalkylcarbonyl, phenylalkyl or phenyl,F represents alkylene,p represents 1-3 andp.sub.1 represents 0 or 1,at least one of the radicals A or B represents substituted alkylenepossess good coloristic properties.

Abstract: Derivatives, analogs, and congeners of prostane having a 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-prostane structure in the F.sub.1 series.

Abstract: Derivatives, analogs, and congeners of prostane having a 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-prostane structure in the A.sub.1 series.

Abstract: Derivatives, analogs, and congeners of prostane having a 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-prostane structure in the F.sub.2 series.

Abstract: Derivatives, analogs, and congeners of prostane having a 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-prostane structure in the E.sub.2 series.

Abstract: Novel ester diol alkoxylates produced by the reaction of an ester diol and an alkylene oxide. The reaction product is a vehicle useful in ink or paint formulations, as a solvent, and in adhesive formulations; it is also useful as an intermediate in the production of other valuable compounds and as a surfactant.

Abstract: The process comprises the hot treatment at a temperature of 80.degree. to 160.degree. C. by an amount of 5 to 50% of 85% of phosphoric acid, of the residues resulting from the distillation of reaction media containing hemiacetal-esters under substantially anhydrous conditions. These reaction media are selected from among those resulting from the reaction of alcohols and glyoxylic acid and those resulting from the treatment of glyoxylic hemiacetal-esters with P.sub.2 O.sub.5.

Abstract: A process if disclosed for producing (S)-(+)-6-hydroxy-2,4,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-methanol from either alkyl(R)-2-benzyloxy-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionate or (S)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ethanol including intermediates in this synthesis.

Abstract: .omega.,.omega.-Dialkoxycarboxylic acid derivatives I (amides and esters) are prepared by heating .omega.-alkoxylactams II with hydrogen halide in an alcohol. When using only a catalytical quantity of hydrogen halide, there are obtained the amides, when using a quantity of hydrogen halide which is at least about equimolar, there are obtained the esters of the corresponding .omega.,.omega.-dialkoxycarboxylic acids. Since the compounds I are acetals, they may be readily converted into the corresponding .omega.-formyl compounds. Both the acetals I and the corresponding .omega.-formyl compounds are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of for example prostaglandins, sexual attractants and antioxidants.

Abstract: A non-swellable three-dimensional polymer having a component which is a residue of an optically active compound, which residue is chemically removable from said polymer to leave behind in the physical structure of said polymer a void corresponding to the size and shape of said residue of optically active compound, and a particular steric arrangement of functional groups within the void of said polymer corresponding to the chemical structure of said residue of optically active compound, the original polymer having recurring units of the formulas ##STR1## wherein A, C and D are residues bonded to B of compounds which residues are polymerizable or polycondensable and B is a residue of an optically active compound; a process for preparing such polymer and the form of such polymer containing such void and free of the residue of optically active compounds.

Abstract: The present specification provides novel intermediates and novel processes for the synthesis of various side chain and skeletal analogs of Thromboxane B.sub.2 (11.beta.-homo-11.alpha.-oxa-PGF.sub.2.alpha.). These analogs are particularly and especially useful as reproductive cycle control agents.

Abstract: 3.alpha.-Hydroxy and 3.alpha.-acyloxy- .DELTA..sup.9(11) -5.alpha.-D-homo-20-ketopregnenes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or acyl, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.2 is methyl or ethyl, are produced by esterifying a corresponding 3.beta.-hydroxy-5.alpha.-20-keto pregnane of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the values given above, with m-iodo-benzoic acid with inversion of the 3.beta.-oxy group to a 3.alpha.-oxy group; chlorinating the thus-produced 3.alpha.-m-iodobenzoyl ester with dichloroiodobenzene under irradiation; and treating the reaction product with a dehydrohalogenating silver salt. Optionally thereafter, the 3.alpha.-iodobenzoyl group is split off in a conventional manner to produce the corresponding 3.alpha.-hydroxy steroid and optionally the thus-produced 3.alpha.-hydroxy steroid is esterified to produce a desired 3-ester thereof.