Abstract: Semi-esters of polyisobutylenesuccinic acid having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a polyisobutylene radical with a molecular weight of 100 to 20,000,R.sup.2 andR.sup.3 are different from one another and one of these two radicals is a hydrogen radical and the other one of the groups ##STR2## in which R.sup.4, R.sup.5 is a hydrogen or methyl radical, andR.sup.6 is a methyl or ethyl radical.The invention furthermore relates to processes for synthesizing these compounds as well as to preparations which can be converted by radiation into adhesives.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting under free radical polymerization conditions (1) an unsaturated polyoxyalkylene adduct and (2) an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid ingredient, wherein unsaturated diester ingredient (2) either completely or partially comprises a fumarate diester.

Abstract: Acrylic or methacrylic terminated unsaturated maleate or fumarate oligomers are disclosed. The oligomers can be reacted with other ethylenically unsaturated compounds through the acrylate, methacrylate, or maleate/fumarate functionality, they can also be reacted with amines through Michael addition to the acrylic or maleate unsaturation with or without a post reaction through the methacrylate functionality.

Abstract: Esters, e.g., alkyl adipates, are facilely prepared by carbonylation among an alcohol, carbon monoxide and a monoolefin, e.g., an alkyl pentenoate, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of cobalt and a tertiary nitrogen base, and optionally hydrogen, said reaction being carried out in an aromatic hydrocarbon reaction medium bearing from 1 to 3 nuclear substituents, and said substituents comprising cyano or a radical of the formula R--Y-- having up to 20 carbon atoms, wherein Y is a direct valence bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group (--CO--O--), with R being bonded to the oxygen of the group --CO--O--, and R is alkyl, aralkyl or or aryl, or a cyano substituted such R--Y-- radical, or a radical R--Y-- which includes one of the divalent bridges --O--, --CO-- or --CO--O-- along its skeletal carbon chain, with the proviso that at least one of said substituents is either cyano or a radical R--Y-- wherein Y is other than a direct valence bond.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making carboxylic acid-containing mono- and polyether polyol addition products by reacting maleic acid, fumaric acid, or mixtures thereof with at least one polyhydroxy-containing mono- or polyether compound (e.g. a polyether diol or triol) in the presence of a peroxy-type free radical initiator. Also disclosed are the processes of making polyurethane prepolymers and aqueous polyurethane dispersions from these carboxylic acid-containing mono- and polyether polyol addition products and processes for using these dispersions in coatings, adhesives and other useful products.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carboxylic ester by reacting an aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of oxygen with a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst is a solid catalyst comprising palladium and bismuth, which may form an intermetallic compound, and which catalyst may comprise an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound. The aforesaid catalyst avoids decomposition reactions simultaneously with the desired reaction, and therefore, the desired compound can be obtained in a high yield.

Abstract: Fumaric acid monoesters can be prepared by introducing a hydroxyl compound at a rate corresponding to the progress of the reaction into a solution or a melt of maleic anhydride, which may optionally be substituted, if appropriate in the presence of a cis-trans catalyst. New fumaric acid monoesters can be formed by the process.

Abstract: Adducts, improved polymer-polyols and improved polyurethane foams are provided. The adducts are produced by reacting suitable polyol and epoxy co-reactant to essentially eliminate all epoxy groups. The polymer-polyol is produced by polymerizing suitable ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the adduct or in the adduct forming mixture; in the later case the adduct forming reaction and the polymerization reaction occur simultaneously to produce the polymer-polyol. Polyurethane foams are produced by the usual method but employing the novel adduct or polymer-polyol of the present invention.

Abstract: A polyether-ester polyol containing a high primary hydroxyl content is prepared employing low amounts of ethylene oxide. The polyurethane foams prepared from these products display improved physical properties with good air flow.

Abstract: This invention relates to new linear polyester waxes which contain as the acid member at least about 75 mol percent 1,12-dodecanedioic acid. The polyester waxes may be viscous liquids, amorphous or semicrystalline solids with melting points less than about 100.degree. C. These polyester waxes are useful as modifiers for ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer based adhesives and as additives to improve the hardness of polyolefin coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to new emulsifiable polyester waxes which are linear polyester waxes which are end capped with polyfunctional organic anhydrides. The emulsifiable polyester waxes are generally amorphous or semicrystalline solids with melting points less than about 100.degree. C. These polyester waxes are useful in preparing clear emulsions which can be applied to surfaces to form protective and decorative films or coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to new branched polyester waxes which contain particular amounts of tri- or tetrafunctional hydroxyl containing compounds. The branched polyester waxes may be semicrystalline or crystalline solids with melting points less than about 200.degree. C. These polyester waxes are useful as modifiers for ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer based adhesives and as additives to improve the hardness of polyolefin coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to new linear polyester waxes which contain as the acid member at least 75 mole percent alkylsuccinic anhydride or alkenylsuccinic anhydride. The polyester waxes may be viscous oils or amorphous or semicrystalline solids with melting points less than about 100.degree. C. These polyester waxes are useful as modifiers for ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer based adhesives and as additives to improve the hardness of polyolefin coatings.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes C.sub.2 -C.sub.20, preferably C.sub.4 -C.sub.14 -perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxyperfluoroalkyl, R.sub.2 denotes C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkylene, R.sub.3 denotes C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -.omega.-epoxyalkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18, preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, which can be substituted by 1 or 2 halogen atoms, preferably chlorine atoms, by hydroxyl groups, by a group of the formula ##STR2## by 1 to 3 groups of the formula --OCO--CX.dbd.CY--COO--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R.sub.1 or by, in each case, one lower alkoxy, epoxy, lower acyloxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower acylamino, lower hydroxylalkylthio, lower trialkylamino, lower trialkylammonium, phenyl, phenoxy or furanyl group or R.sub.3, in the case where b=0, also denotes C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 -alkenyl, which can be subsituted by hydroxyl groups or a phenyl group; C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -alkynyl, which can be substituted by hydroxyl groups; cyclohexyl; phenyl, which can be substituted by 1-3 C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Hydroxyl terminated reactive liquid polymers are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide, in presence of an amine catalyst, with a carboxyl terminated reactive liquid polymer serum which contains, in addition to the carboxyl terminated liquid polymer, a solvent, an initiator, other reaction products formed during the reaction, and any unreacted reactants; adding a strong acid to form water-soluble amine salts; water-washing; coagulating; separating; drying; and recovering a shelf stable product.

Abstract: It has been found that excellent quality photopolymer printing plates having resistance to alcohol-based inks can be prepared from photopolymer compositions comprising a chain extended, liquid, terminally olefinically unsaturated polymer; from about 1% to about 50% by weight based on the weight of the polymer of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer; from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based on the weight of the polymer of photoinitiator; and from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight based on the weight of the polymer of a stabilizer.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel N-cyano amide compositions and adducts thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a simple organic moiety or a polymeric adduct with the valence of n and n is 2 or 3. The composition, per se, can be used as a curing agent for epoxy resins to form a thermoset material on heating.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an improved process wherein an olefin, an alcohol, or an ester, halide or ether derivative of said alcohol is reacted with carbon monoxide in a liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst system containing a rhodium component and an iodine or bromine component. By passing at least a portion of the liquid reaction mass from the reaction zone to a separation zone of substantially lower CO partial pressure, at least a portion of the carbonylation products, as well as unreacted carbon monoxide, inert gases, and unreacted olefin, alcohol, or alcohol derivatives are vaporized and can be withdrawn from the separation zone. Precipitation of the rhodium catalyst under carbon monoxide deficient conditions is prevented or retarded by addition to the system of a stabilizer which is a tin component which may be tin or a tin compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an improved process wherein an olefin, an alcohol, or an ester, halide or ether derivative of said alcohol is reacted with carbon monoxide in a liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst system that contains (a) a rhodium component, and (b) an iodine or bromine component. By passing at least a portion of the liquid reaction mass from the reaction zone to a separation zone of substantially lower CO partial pressure, at least a portion of the carbonylation products, as well as unreacted carbon monoxide, inert gases, and unreacted olefin, alcohol, or alcohol derivatives are vaporized and can be withdrawn from the separation zone. Precipitation of the rhodium catalyst under carbon monoxide deficient conditions is prevented or retarded by addition to the system of a stabilizer component selected from N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-o-phenylenediamine and 2,3'-dipyridyl.

Abstract: There are disclosed polymerizable alkyl poly(oxyalkylene) esters of an acrylate oligomer and copolymers thereof, especially stable, aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of methacrylic or acrylic acid, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an alkyl poly(oxyalkylene) ester of an acrylate oligomer, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and optionally, included in the total monomer mixture, a small amount of (4) about 0.5-1% by weight, of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, cosmetic preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds.

Abstract: Anionic surface active agents of the general formulae I and II ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-12 alkyl;A is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- (wherein n is 0-6), --CH.dbd.CH--, phenylene, or alkylphenylene;x is an integer of 3 to 35;R.sup.2 is C.sub.8-12 alkyl or alkenyl;Z is --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x H or ##STR2## where x is as defined above; and the salts thereof with inorganic or organic bases.These surfactants have excellent surface active properties and hard water tolerance, and may be prepared by conventional esterification techniques.

Abstract: Waste streams from adipic acid manufacture containing nitric, succinic, glutaric and adipic acids and valuable catalytic metal as salts are treated with alcohols, thereby separating, as esters, succinic and glutaric acids which would contaminate pure adipic acid on recycling, and allowing the re-use of the resulting stream containing nitric acid and metal catalytic salts.

Abstract: Process for the carbonylation of alkanols and/or ethers at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a Group VIII metal compound and pentachlorobenzenethiol and/or salts thereof, using a pentachlorobenzenethiol compound: Group VIII metal compound molar ratio of not more than 10. The process is of special interest for the production of methyl acetate from methanol using an active, iodine-free catalytic system.

Abstract: Olefin is oxidized in the absence of oxygen with a carboxylic acid in the presence of Mn(IV) oxide promoted with a noble metal to produce an effluent which includes mono and/or diester corresponding to the olefin and acid.

Abstract: Esters of lower aliphatic dibasic acids and fatty alcohol alkoxylates have been prepared having excellent low-foaming and scouring properties.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of oil-modified, carboxyl-containing, urethane polymers are prepared by reacting diisocyanates or their isocyanate-terminated prepolymers, with half-esters of hindered diols, especially 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, and anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids, preferably aromatic acids having at least three carboxylic groups, especially trimellitic anhydride. The urethane polymers are "oil-modified", i.e., extended with unsaturated fatty acid esterpolyols; and when neutralized with ammonia or amines can be dispersed in water to form especially desirable coating compositions. An organic phosphite may be incorporated in the compositions to control the development of hardness in films made from the aqueous dispersions and thereby avoid the formation of wrinkles in films that are made from the compositions.

Abstract: A method if provided for continuously hydrolyzing urethane foam in a vertically oriented hydrolysis reactor. In a preferred practice, a bed of foam particles is formed in the reactor. Superheated steam is flowed continuously upward through the bed at a temperature and rate such that only the foam particles then adjacent the bottom of the reactor are hydrolyzed and the bulk of the bed is not fluidized. Unreacted steam heats the unhydrolyzed foam. Liquid hydrolysis products are drained as they are formed to prevent hydrolysis-impeding liquid saturation of unhydrolyzed particles.

Abstract: Process for reducing the color forming tendency of alkanedioic acid esters by contact with an alkali metal borohydride in the presence of water.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel pesticidal esters of the pyrethrin or pyrethroid type in which the methylene group bonded to the ester carbonyl and/or ester oxygen bears a fluorine substituent. The compounds of the invention are active against insect pests including flies, moths, aphids and beetles and acarina pests including ticks.

Abstract: Propylene oxide reaction products, and the salts or quaternization products thereof are provided which are obtained from(a) an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol of 3 to 10 carbon atoms,(b) 1,2-propylene oxide,(c) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid of 8 to 12 carbon atoms or the anhydrides thereof,and at least one of the following components:(d) an aliphatic diol with a molecular weight of at most 2000,(e) a fatty alcohol containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms,(f) a fatty acid containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and(g) an aliphatic monoamine or diamine containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms,of which component (g) is used only at the conclusion and only if component (c) is ethylenically unsaturated.The inventive products are suitable for widely varying uses in textile finishing.

Abstract: Cyclic carbonate esters are reacted with polycarboxylic acids to produce bis(hydroxyalkyl) esters from aromatic polycarboxylic acids in the presence of selected catalysts comprising at least one of phosphines, phosphonium halides, sulfonium halides, sulfoxonium halides, and ammonium and alkyl ammonium halides. In the preferred embodiment, ethylene carbonate is reacted with terephthalic acid to produce bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and/or polymers thereof.

Abstract: Conjugated diolefins (e.g., 1,3-butadiene) are carbonylated by the palladium-catalyzed addition of carbon monoxide and an alcohol of the formula ROH (e.g., benzyl alcohol) whereby polycarboxylic esters are formed in which the pair of double bonds of the conjugated diolefin has been transformed into a moiety having the formula: ##STR1## In the process, the olefin, carbon monoxide, and alcohol are reacted in the presence of a palladium(II) salt, a copper(II) salt, and a base, at certain concentrations and at a pressure and temperature sufficient to effect the carbonylation. The resulting unsaturated diester can be hydrolyzed and hydrogenated or vice versa to obtain the corresponding linear diacid (e.g., adipic acid).

Abstract: Oil-soluble polyol ester reaction products of C.sub.6 -C.sub.10,000 hydrocarbon substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid materials, e.g. alkenyl succinic anhydride, have been readily produced under solution reaction conditions characterized by conducting said reaction in the presence of at least a filtration suppressing insolubles reducing amount of a hydrocarbon soluble metal salt of a hydroxy aromatic compound, e.g. an alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate or naphtholate, preferably an overbased calcium sulferized phenate whereby the filtration suppressing insolubles resulting from said reaction is markedly reduced to less than 1 vol. %, the product solution haze is less than 30 nephelos and as a consequence thereof the filtration of the reaction product solution is facilitated.

Abstract: A resin for coatings, particularly useful as a medium for printing inks and paints, comprising a modified polymer produced by adding at least one .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof to at least one liquid conjugated diolefinic polymer having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 3,000, a viscosity of 2 to 5,000 cps at 30.degree. C. and at least 50% of cis-1,4 structure and subjecting the resulting adduct to diesterification with at least one alcohol having 1 to 27 carbon atoms and whereby the acid value owing to the carboxyl group or the carboxylic anhydride group of the resulting modified polymer being made not more than 10.

Abstract: A carboxylic ester is produced in one step in a high yield and with a high selectivity by reacting an aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of oxygen by using a catalyst comprising (I) palladium, (II) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lead compounds, thallium compounds and mercury compounds and (III) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polybutylene glycol carboxylic acid diesters of the formulaR--CO--O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n CO--R.sup.1by polymerizing pretreated tetrahydrofuran in the presence of one or more carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides and of a polymerization catalyst, especially antimony pentachloride or a bleaching earth containing less than 3% by weight of water, wherein the tetrahydrofuran is treated with a strong mineral acid, an organic sulfonic acid, silica gel and/or a bleaching earth prior to the polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention describes the production of high molecular weight unsaturated esters of polyhydric alcohols and their derivatives.

Abstract: Hydroxyl-terminated liquid polymers having an aliphatic polymeric backbone and sulfide linkages near the terminal portions of the polymer molecule are prepared by polymerizing (1) at least one vinylidene monomer having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group per monomer molecule, together with (2) a mixture of at least one hydroxyl-containing disulfide and at least one hydroxyl-containing trisulfide. Use of the above disulfide-trisulfide mixture permits viscosity control during polymerization with substantially less disulfide required than if the disulfide alone were used, and the resulting polymers have less odor and discolor less upon heating than if the disulfide alone were used.

Abstract: In the oxidation of acyclic conjugated dienes, recovery and recycle of the oxidation catalyst is accomplished by distilling off the oxidation solvent, extraction of the oxidation product with a suitable solvent, and removal of the extraction solvent residue from the catalyst, and recycle of the catalyst to the oxidation step.

Abstract: Mono- and dicarboxylic acid esters of 1,2-dihydroxyalkanes of the formulae ##STR1## wherein A represents a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of alkylene having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkylene having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 hydroxys, alkenylene having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkylene having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, phenylene, alkylphenylene having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl; R.sub.1 represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is alkyl having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms; and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a diester of a dicarboxylic acid having two more carbon atoms than the unsaturated hydrocarbon used as the starting material, which comprises subjecting an unsaturated hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and an alcohol to reaction in the presence of a platinum group metal or a salt thereof; a compound selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, a nitrogen oxide and an ester of nitrous acid; and a halogen compound.

Abstract: A process for preparing a diester of oxalic acid which comprises bringing carbon monoxide into contact with an ester of nitrous acid in the liquid phase, in the presence of metallic palladium or a salt thereof, preferably with introduction of a gas containing molecular oxygen into the reaction system, more preferably with further incorporation of an alcohol in the reaction system.

Abstract: A process for esterifying terminal hydroxyl groups of a polyoxyalkylene compound comprising one or more ring opened tert.-butyl or tert.-amyl glycidyl ether groups, without removing a significant portion of these tert.-alkyl ether groups. The process is conducted by contacting the polyoxyalkylene compound with an organic, carboxylic acid or anhydride in the liquid phase, in the presence of a small but catalytically effective amount of a Lewis base.

Abstract: Saturated vicinal esters produced by reacting olefins with carboxylic acid and anhydrides thereof in the presence of oxygen and a vanadium- or ruthenium-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Monoolefins and diolefins are converted to corresponding esters in a process by contacting together at least one monoolefin, diolefin or mixture thereof, oxygen, at least one iodosoaryl dicarboxylate and at least one carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride or mixture thereof.

Abstract: Saturated vicinal esters are produced by reacting olefins with carboxylic acids and oxygen in the presence of a boron-containing catalyst component.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of a mixture of various low molecular weight hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxyketones and polyhydric alcohols by the condensation of formaldehyde with itself. The essential feature of the improvement is that unpurified synthesis gases of the kind obtained from the large scale industrial production of formaldehyde can be used directly as the source of formaldehyde.

Abstract: Polycarboxylic acid-2-hydroxyalkyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic radical which is optionally substituted or interrupted by heteroatoms, and/or optionally substituted by hydroxyl groups, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, n.gtoreq.0 and m.gtoreq.2, with the proviso that m.gtoreq.n and the total of n+m.gtoreq.3, and their use as emulsifying agents and cosmetic emulsions containing them.

Abstract: The addition of small amounts of organic titanium compounds to polyol compounds reduces the viscosity of said compounds.

Abstract: Demulsification of a water-in-oil, especially a water-in-crude oil, emulsion is effected by contacting it with a polyester obtained by condensation of a C.sub.9-18 alk(en)yl succinic anhydride, a water-soluble polyalkylene glycol of mol. wt. less than 500, and a polyhydric alcohol having three or more OH groups.