Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (1), wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; R2 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aromatic group, or a substituent having at least two of these groups, the R2 being optionally partially fluorinated; R3 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group that is optionally branched, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, or a cyclic group having an aromatic or alicyclic structure, the R3 optionally containing a bond of an oxygen atom or carbonyl group; and n is an integer of 1-2.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I in the form of their racemates or enantiomers, preferably compounds of formula Ia wherein R4 is C1-C6alkyl, Z is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and X is —OH, chloride, bromide or iodide, or X forms an ester group with the carbonyl substituent, as well as salts of carboxylic acids. The compounds are valuable intermediates for the propagation of &dgr;-amino-&ggr;-hydroxy-&ohgr;-aryl-alkanecarboxamides, which exhibit renin-inhibiting properties and could be used as antihypertensive agents in pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing 2-haloacyl-3-aminoacrylic acid derivatives and pyrazole-4-carboxylic acids and derivates thereof obtainable from it.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel ester compound of an unsaturated carboxylic acid represented by the general formula in which R1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R2 is preferably a trifluoromethyl group, R3 is a non-aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon group or, preferably, an adamantyl group and R4 is preferably a hydrogen atom or methyl group. This unsaturated ester compound is polymerizable to give a (co)polymeric resin which can be used as a base resinous ingredient in a photoresist composition for light exposure with ultraviolet light of a very short wavelength by virtue of the high transparency to the short-wavelength light. A synthetic method for the preparation of the novel ester compound is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fluorinating agent represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 to R4 are a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and can be the same or different; R1 and R2 or R3 and R4 can bond to form a ring including a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom and other hetero atoms; or R1 and R3 can bond to form a ring including a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom and other hetero atoms, for example: a preparation process of the fluorinating agent and a process for preparing fluorine compounds by reacting various compounds with the fluorinating agent. The invention has also disclosed that the fluorinating agent is very effective for fluorinating oxygen containing functional compounds.

Abstract: Acrylic esters containing fluorine at &agr;-position and having an alkoxymethyl group introduced into the ester side chain thereof are novel. Polymers obtained from the acrylic esters are improved in transparency, acid elimination and substrate adhesion and are used to formulate chemically amplified resist compositions for lithographic microfabrication.

Abstract: Acrylic esters containing fluorine at &agr;-position and having an alkoxymethyl group introduced into the ester side chain thereof are novel. Polymers obtained from the acrylic esters are improved in transparency, acid elimination and substrate adhesion and are used to formulate chemically amplified resist compositions for lithographic microfabrication.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (1), 1

Abstract: Monofunctional polyfluorooxetane oligomers and polymers are prepared by the cationic polymerization of fluorooxetane monomers with a monoalcohol. The fluorooxetane oligomers or polymers can be copolymerized with generally cyclic ethers. Alternatively, the polyfluorooxetane oligomer or polymer having a single hydroxyl end group can be functionalized with a variety of compounds so as to yield a functional end group such as an acrylate, a methacrylate, an allylic, an amine, etc., with the functionalized oligomer or polymer being suitable for use in radiation curable or thermal curable coating compositions. These functionalized polymers can be copolymerized and cured to provide improvements in wetting and surface properties that have previously been provided by migratory chemicals such as waxes and oils.

Abstract: Monofunctional polyfluorooxetane oligomers and polymers Zare prepared by the cationic polymerization of fluorooxetane monomers with a monoalcohol. The fluorooxetane oligomers or polymers can be copolymerized with generally cyclic ethers. Alternatively, the poly-fluorooxetane oligomer or polymer having a single hydroxyl end group can be functionalized with a variety of compounds so as to yield a functional end group such as an acrylate, a methacrylate, an allylic, an amine, etc., with the functionalized oligomer or polymer being suitable for use in radiation curable or thermal curable coating compositions. These functionalized polymers can be copolymerized and cured to provide improvements in wetting and surface properties that have previously been provided by migratory chemicals such as waxes and oils.

Abstract: Monofunctional polyfluorooxetane oligomers and polymers are prepared by the cationic polymerization of fluorooxetane monomers with a monoalcohol. The fluorooxetane oligomers or polymers can be copolymerized with generally cyclic ethers. Alternatively, the polyfluorooxetane oligomer or polymer having a single hydroxyl end group can be functionalized with a variety of compounds so as to yield a functional end group such as an acrylate, a methacrylate, an allylic, an amine, etc., with the functionalized oligomer or polymer being suitable for use in radiation curable or thermal curable coating compositions. These functionalized polymers can be copolymerized and cured to provide improvements in wetting and surface properties that have previously been provided by migratory chemicals such as waxes and oils.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fluorinating agent represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 to R4 are a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and can be the same or different; R1 and R2 or R3 and R4 can bond to form a ring including a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom and other hetero atoms; or R1 and R3 can bond to form a ring including a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom and other hetero atoms, for example: a preparation process of the fluorinating agent and a process for preparing fluorine compounds by reacting various compounds with the fluorinating agent. The invention has also disclosed that the fluorinating agent is very effective for fluorinating oxygen containing functional compounds.

Abstract: Monofunctional polyfluorooxetane oligomers and polymers are prepared by the cationic polymerization of fluorooxetane monomers with a monoalcohol. The fluorooxetane oligomers or polymers can be copolymerized with generally cyclic ethers. Alternatively, the polyfluorooxetane oligomer or polymer having a single hydroxyl end group can be functionalized with a variety of compounds so as to yield a functional end group such as an acrylate, a methacrylate, an allylic, an amine, etc., with the functionalized oligomer or polymer being suitable for use in radiation curable or thermal curable coating compositions. These functionalized polymers can be copolymerized and cured to provide improvements in wetting and surface properties that have previously been provided by migratory chemicals such as waxes and oils.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel ester compound of an unsaturated carboxylic acid represented by the general formula 1

Abstract: There is disclosed a dihalo-compound of formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 represent different halogen atoms, R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group, and a process for producing vitamin A derivative via a sulfone derivative of formula (5): wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted aryl group, and R represents the same as defined above.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of &agr;-chloromethylene-triorganylphosphorane derivatives I (radicals R are C-organic substituents and A stands for CN or CO-B where B is a C-organic or O-organic radical which is inert under chlorination conditions) by chlorination of phosphoranes II with chlorine, wherein the chlorination is carried out in the presence of a mineral base as hydrogen chloride acceptor and the chlorine and base are fed to the reaction mixture concurrently but separately at the rates at which they are consumed. The reaction products I are important intermediates for plant protectants.

Abstract: This invention includes an alkyl 3-oxoalkanoate, and processes for its preparation and use for the synthesis of fatty hydroxylated amino acids, fatty amino alcohols and ceramides.

Abstract: This invention relates to carbon based initiators for polymerization and telomerization reactions. Polymers produced are useful as water repellants and materials with high temperature resistance. Telomers are useful as intermediates in the production of chemically inert and temperature resistant materials.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing O-(meth)acrylate compound of the following formula (1) is useful as a starting material for a resin composition used in optical applications such as a lens; ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; 1 represents an integer from 1 to 3; B is ##STR2## n is 1 or 2, m is 1, 2 or 3 and A is selected from certain arylene, aralkylene, thioether, dithioether or thiopheneylene radicals.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 1, 2, 3, or 4;X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each, independently, chlorine or bromine;A is O or S;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl;R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylidene, or CH.sub.2 OR.sup.5 ;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, or OR.sup.6 ;R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.16 aralkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.16 alkenyl, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 aryl;R.sup.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.16 aralkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.16 alkenyl, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 aryl; andR.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl.These compounds by themselves and in combination with certain halo-but-2-enoic acids and esters are useful as catalyst promoters in ethylene polymerization processes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl esters of 0,0-dialkyl-4-phosphono-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid containing a high percentage of E isomers, wherein the corresponding alkyl esters of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid are caused to react with PBr.sub.3 or PCl.sub.3 at temperatures ranging from 0.degree. to 80.degree. C. in the absence of pyridine and, if desired, the resulting mixture comprising predominantly alkyl esters of 4-halo-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid is caused to react with trialkyl esters of phosphorous acid at temperatures ranging from 70.degree. to 140.degree. C. The end products are desirable C.sub.5 building blocks for polyene syntheses or preceding stages.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds, for example, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine or 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid, are particularly useful for systemic control of pests. Novel method and intermediates for the preparation of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine are also provided.

Abstract: A processes and intermediates useful for the manufacture of the Wittig ester salts are disclosed. The Wittig ester salts are known as important C.sub.5 building blocks for the manufacture of various polyenecarboxylic acid esters in the field of carotenoid chemistry.

Abstract: An acetylene derivative represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 3-20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms which may optionally be substituted by halogen atom or alkoxyalkyl group having 2-20 carbon atoms, A and B represent phenylene group or the like or taken as --A--B-- represent naphthalene group or the like, m and s are each 0 or 1, n is integer of 1-6, and * means asymmetric carbon atom; a process for producing said acetylene derivative, a liquid crystal composition using the same as active ingredient, and a liquid crystal element using said composition.

Abstract: Tert-alkylmethoxy-substituted vanadium compounds, several of which are novel, are useful as catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene or the copolymerization of ethylene with alphaolefins and (optionally) nonconjugated polyenes. Also disclosed is a novel catalyst composition comprising such vanadium compounds.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoropolyethers that can be prepared by fluorinating addition polymers made by polymerizing epoxides.

Abstract: Novel processes and intermediates useful for the manufacture of the Wittig ester salts are disclosed. The Wittig ester salts are known as important CS building blocks for the manufacture of various polyenecarboxylic acid esters in the field of carotenoid chemistry.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which A is oxygen, sulfur or --NR.sub.1 --;B is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene,D-E is --O--E, --S--E, --O--CH.sub.2 --E, --O--C(.dbd.O)--E, --O--C(.dbd.O)--O--E, --O--C(.dbd.O)--N(H)--E or --O--C(.dbd.S)--N(H)--E;E is phenyl; phenyl which is substituted by one to three substituents; a five-membered aromatic heterocycle having one to three hetero atoms; a five-membered aromatic heterocycle which has one to three hetero atoms and which is substituted by one or two substituents; a six-membered aromatic heterocycle which has one to three nitrogen atoms; or a six-membered aromatic heterocycle which has one to three nitrogen atoms and which is substituted by one or two substituents;L is halogen or methyl;X is fluorine;Y is chlorine or fluorine;Z is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl;m is the number zero, one, two, three, four or five;n is the number zero, one or two andR.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds, for example, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine or 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid, are particularly useful for systemic control of pests. Novel method and intermediates for the preparation of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the metathesis of olefins which comprises reacting an olefin of the formula YCZ.dbd.CZ--(CX.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.2 (II) whereinn is an integer from 1 to 28,X represents H or F,Y represents H or alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms andZ represents H or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 represents H, alkyl, halogen, COOR.sup.3 or OR.sup.4, wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent alkyl having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or phenyl which is unsubstituted or contains from 1 to 3 substituents or wherein R.sup.4 is trialkylsilyl R.sup.5 Si, wherein R.sup.5 represents alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at a catalyst comprising an oxidic carrier charged with a rhenium compound as defined hereinbefore.

Abstract: 15,16-Seco-19-nor progestins are provided which display elevated progestational activity with a minimum of ancillary hormonal activity. Processes for the preparation of the novel progestins are provided as are methods of use. A preferred method of use is in the suppression of ovulation in the human female.

Abstract: Esters of .alpha.-fluoroacrylic acid are accessible by hydrolysis of an .alpha.-hydroxymethyl-.alpha.-fluoromalonic acid ester, decarboxylation and dehydration of the hydrolysis product and subsequent esterification of the resulting .alpha.-fluoroacrylic acid with an alcohol. The esters are polymerizable and are suitable for use as a starting material for preparing fluoropolymers which in turn are usable as materials for manufacturing transparent articles. The polymers are high-molecular and non-crystalline and have softening temperatures of above 100.degree. C.

Abstract: .alpha.- Phosphonocarboxylate compounds are provided which inhibit the enzyme squalene synthetase and thereby inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. These compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a lipophilic group which contains at least 7 carbons and is substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl or optionally substituted aryl;Z is H, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl or lower alkyl;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently H, metal ion or other pharmaceutically acceptable cation, or a prodrug ester;R.sup.4 is H, metal ion or other pharmaceutically acceptable cation, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, arylalkyl, aryl or a prodrug ester.

Abstract: Novel monocyclic terpene derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen atom, trimethylsilyl group or 1-ethoxyethyl group, and novel intermediates therefor. The terpene derivative (I) is a useful intermediate for preparing Sarcophytol A having an anti-carcinogenesis promoter activity and an antitumor activity.

Abstract: This are described new halogenated olefines of general formula I ##STR1## in which X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, n and A have the meanings given in the description as well as processes for their preparation. The compounds can be used as pesticides especially against insects and acarids.

Abstract: Novel 2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are individually halogen, R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted aryl of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, --CN and ##STR2## R' is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, Y is selected from the group consisting of --SO.sub.2 Alk.sub.1, --SO.sub.2 Ar, ##STR3## Alk.sub.1 is optionally unsaturated alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted with at least one halogen, Ar is aryl of 6 to 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted with at least one halogen Alk.sub.2 and Alk.sub.3 and Alk.sub.2 ' and Alk.sub.

Abstract: Fluorinated arachidonic derivatives are 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors which have the useful pharmacologic activity as antiallergy and anti-inflammatory agents and are useful for treating, for example, asthma, anaphylaxis, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (A): ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, hydroxy, chloro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or phenyl C.sub.1-6 alkoxy and R.sub.a and R.sub.b are hydrogen, including acyl and phosphate derivatives thereof; which process comprises:i) the preparation of a compound of formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or phenyl C.sub.1-6 alkyl in which the phenyl group is optionally substituted; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, chlorine, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, phenyl C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or amino; and R.sub.3 is halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, C.sub.1-6 alkylsulphonyl, azido, an amino group or a protected amino group, which process comprises the reaction of a compound of formula (II): ##STR3## with a compound of formula (VII): ##STR4## wherein Q is a leaving group, J is hydrogen or halo and R.sub.

Abstract: An adhesive composition comprising a photopolymerization initiator or curing agent and the compound represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein M is a divalent organic group comprising at least one substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a divalent organic group comprising at least two substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group may be linked by O, S or CH.sub.2 or may form a condensed ring, n is zero or a positive number.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel acyclic terpenes of the formula: ##STR1## which are useful as intermediates for the industrially advantageous production of sarcophytol A.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing alicyclic or aromatic cyclic compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein M is a divalent organic group comprising at least one substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a divalent organic group comprising at least two substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group may be linked by O, S or CH.sub.2, or may form a condensed ring, X is ##STR2## Y is H or CH.sub.3, n is zero or a positive number, are useful as an effective component of the adhesive composition.

Abstract: Fluorinated arachidonic derivatives are 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors which have the useful pharmacologic activity as antiallergy and anti-imflammatory agents and are useful for treating, for example, asthma, anaphylaxis, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis.

Abstract: Novel fluorine-containing compounds and processes for producing the same are disclosed, the compounds being represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or an alkylvinyl group; R.sup.2 represents a fluoroalkyl group; and Y represents a carboxyl group, a chloroformyl group, an alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl group or a hydroxymethyl group.

Abstract: .alpha.-Fluoroacryloyl derivatives are prepared by reacting a dihalogenopropene with an anhydrous mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid to give a 1-nitro-2,2-fluorohalogeno-3-halogenopropane, converting this in the presence of a strong acid and a little water at elevated temperature to a 2,2-fluorohalogeno-3-halogenopropanoic acid, converting this into an ester or an amide and finally treating this with a dehalogenating agent.

Abstract: This invention provides (i) novel hexafluoroneopentyl alcohol, (ii) its derivatives, i.e., hexafluoroneopentyl (meth)acrylate, (iii) fluorinated polymers comprising said acrylate as the monomer component, and (iv) optical materials comprising said fluorinated polymers.

Abstract: A novel fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative of the invention is represented by the formula:(CH.sub.2 .dbd.CF--CO).sub.p --A (I)wherein A is a residue derived from an organic compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms derived by removing at least two active hydrogen atoms, and p is an integer corresponding to the valency of the residue A, which is easily cured.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing solvent-soluble chlorinated ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by conducting homogeneous chlorination of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in aqueous suspension by irradiation or by organic or inorganic radical generation, which method comprises conducting the chlorination upon a powder of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer containing 5 to 35 wt % of vinyl acetate and having a specific surface area of not less than 300 cm.sup.2 /g at a reaction temperature dependent upon the content of vinyl acetate as expressed in the relationship:20.ltoreq.[reaction temperature (.degree. C.)].ltoreq.60-[vinyl acetate content (wt. %)].

Abstract: A novel fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative of the invention is represented by the formula:(CH.sub.2 .dbd.CF--CO).sub.p --A (I)wherein A is a residue derived from an organic compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms derived by removing at least two active hydrogen atoms, and p is an integer corresponding to the valency of the residue A, which is easily cured.

Abstract: The present invention discloses and exemplifies alcohol, ether and ester derivatives of difluoroalkanes and difluoroalkenylalkanes having the general formula R--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CR.sup.2 R.sup.3 --OR.sup.1, in which R is a 1,1-difluoroalkyl or a 1,1-difluoroalkenyl group, composition thereof, and use thereof to control agricultural crop pests.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of .alpha.-fluoroacrylic acid derivatives from 2,2-difluoro-1-methyl-cyclopropyl compounds and new 1,1-difluoro-2-halogenoethyl (halogeno)methyl ketones obtainable in this process as intermediates.