Abstract: Articles useful as graphic films are presented. Specifically, the present disclosure is directed to an article comprising a film layer, the film layer comprising a polymer blend comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane and a polyvinyl butyral, and an adhesive layer adjacent the film layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula (I) (R1OOC)a—R2(OH)c—COO—(CnH2n—O)m—OC—R3(OH)d—(COOR4)b??(I) wherein R1 and R4 independently of one another are hydrogen, a metal cation, an ammonium cation, C1-C6-alkyl, cycloalkyl with three to nine ring carbon atoms, aryl with five to ten ring carbon atoms, aryl that is substituted with one or two alkyl groups, aryl that is connected via an alkylene group with the carboxyl group, —(CnH2n—O)m—H or —O—R2(COOR1)a+1, R2 and R3 independently of one another are aliphatic hydrocarbon residues with one to eight carbon atoms, a and b independently of one another are integers from 1 to 4, c is an integer from 0 to 4, d is an integer from 1 to 4, n is 2, 3 or 4, and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4, with the proviso that R1 and R4 may be different within a molecule within the given definitions. These compounds are characterized by a very good complexation power for metal cations and can be used in detergents and cleaning agents, in oil extraction and for water softening.

Abstract: A method for producing biodiesel and triacetin includes steps as follows. A bio-oil source is provided; the bio-oil source is palm oil acid or palm oil sludge. A bio-oil source pretreatment step is performed, wherein the bio-oil source is mixed with ash to decolor. A pre-esterification step is performed, wherein methanol and a pre-esterification catalyst are mixed, so as to form an organic phase solution and an aqueous phase solution. A transesterification step is performed, wherein the methanol and a lithium silicate catalyst are mixed, so as to form a crude biodiesel phase solution and a crude glycerol phase solution. A washing step is performed, wherein purified biodiesel is collected. A glycerol separating step is performed, wherein purified glycerol is collected. A glycerol esterification step is performed, wherein triacetin is collected.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions of glycidyl ester in C9 to C15 branched acid is with a concentration in compounds, which have a boiling point below 250° C., of less than 8000 ppm. Such a composition are specially useful as stabilizer of thermoplastic extruded polymer; It has been demonstrated that such composition are generating low or’ no unpleasant odour at the outlet of the extruder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing butadiene that is fed with a butanediol feedstock, with said method comprising at least: a) An esterification step comprising: A reaction section; A separation section producing a butanediol diester effluent, a water effluent, and a carboxylic acid effluent; b) An esterification pyrolysis step; c) A separation step comprising at least: A cooling section producing a liquid pyrolysis effluent and a vapor pyrolysis effluent; A gas-liquid washing section that is fed at the top with a fraction of the carboxylic acid effluent that is obtained from the separation section of step a) and at the bottom with said vapor pyrolysis effluent and producing at the top a butadiene effluent and at the bottom a washing effluent; in which a carboxylic-acid-rich stream comprising at least a portion of the liquid pyrolysis effluent is recycled to step a); d) A separation step.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a preparation method of glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid. The synthesis is performed in two steps: first, the tertiary carbonic acid reacts with a halo substituted epoxide under a catalyst to produce tertiary carbonic halo substituted alcohol ester; after dehydrohalogenation of the halo substituted alcohol ester of tertiary carbonic acid, the glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid is formed. In the first step of preparing the halo substituted alcohol ester of tertiary carbonic acid through synthesis, the reaction between the tertiary carbonic acid and the halo substituted epoxide is only performed in the existence of water and the catalyst, and the water comprises water added before the reaction. The present disclosure significantly increases the product output in the unit volume, and is particularly suitable for industrial production of glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid having the low cost, high purity, low color and stable color.

Abstract: Provided are a lubricating oil base oil having characteristics of low volatility and excellent low-temperature fluidity and capable of providing long-lasting lubrication property in a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature, and a lubricating oil composition using the same. The lubricating oil base oil includes a diester obtained through a reaction between a diol component formed of 1,12-dodecanediol and a carboxylic acid component formed of 2-methylpentanoic acid or 2-methylpentanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid. The diester is represented by R2COOR1OOCR3, where R1 represents an alkylene derived from the diol component and R2 and R3 each represent an alkyl derived from the carboxylic acid component, and includes 45 to 100 mol % of a diester in which both of R2 and R3 represent C5 alkyls.

Abstract: A lubricating oil base oil includes, as a major component, a diester represented by the following formula (1), and a lubricating oil composition including the lubricating oil base oil. In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent a 1-ethylpentyl group, an n-heptyl group, or a n-hexyl group. When the diester in which both of R1 and R2 each represent an n-heptyl group or an n-hexyl group is defined as A, the diester in which one of R1 and R2 represents a 1-ethylpentyl group is B, and the diester in which both of R1 and R2 each represent a 1-ethylpentyl group is defined as C, the molar ratio of the diesters falls within a range of A:B:C=25 to 65:30 to 50:3 to 25. The lubricating oil base oil is suitable for a fluid dynamic pressure bearing, an oil-impregnated porous bearing, or a dynamic pressure-type oil-impregnated porous bearing.

Abstract: An process to obtain a mixture of lower carboxylic acid mono, di and triesters, from raw glycerin, a by-product of the process to obtain biodiesel, a transesterification of vegetable raw material with lower alcohols is described. Also described is a process to obtain triacetin or a mixture of mono-, di- and triacetin from that raw glycerin, without prior purification.

Abstract: Semi-permeable particle can be used to facilitate chemical reactions. The semi-permeable particles are permeable to molecules having a molar mass of 1000 Daltons or less, have a mode particle size of at least 1 ?m, and comprise nanoparticles of catalytically active metallic materials disposed within at least some of multiple discrete cavities in the continuous polymeric phase. The nanoparticles of catalytically active metallic materials (a) comprise one or more elements selected from Groups 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the Periodic Table, and (b) have an effective diameter of at least 1 nm and up to and including 200 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foundry binder systems forming a curable polyurethane with a catalytically effective amount of a curing catalyst, comprising at least one phenolic resin component comprising at least: a phenolic resin and a solvent of triacetin type and a polyisocyanate component. The invention also relates to foundry mixtures prepared from the binder and an aggregate, to foundry forms such as cores and molds prepared via the no-bake or cold-box processes, and also to the respective processes. The foundry forms obtained by the present invention are especially used for manufacturing metallic components, especially for the casting of metallic components.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer member includes a mixture of a polyimide, a polyalkylene glycol ester, an optional polysiloxane, and an optional conductive filler component.

Abstract: To provide a fixing solution and an image forming method in which faster fixing rate and faster drying rate can be achieved while the amount of fixing solution supplied is reduced and furthermore, a wet feeling in a formed image is reduced and an image having a high fixing strength can be formed A fixing solution that softens a toner to fix a toner image constituted by the toner to an image support contains a hydroxyl group-containing ester compound expressed by general formula (1) below; R1—(CO)—O—R2 ??general formula (1) where R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 11 carbon atoms, and R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having at least one hydroxyl group and 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biodegradable polymer comprising a plurality of releasable bioactive moieties, the releasable bioactive moieties being pendant from and covalently bonded to the biodegradable polymer backbone, wherein the biodegradable polymer backbone is formed from monomeric units that are each coupled via a biodegradable moiety, and wherein the bioactive moieties are capable of being released at a rate equal to or faster than the rate of biodegradation of the polymer backbone.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to diester-based lubricant compositions comprising one or more isomeric mixtures of diester species wherein the kinematic viscosity of the composition at temperature of 100 C is at least 3 mm2/s The present invention is also directed to methods of making these and other similar lubricant compositions. In some embodiments, the methods for making such diester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor material from which mono-unsaturated free lipid species can be provided or otherwise generated, wherein such mono-unsaturated free lipid species are converted to isomeric diol species en route to the synthesis of diester species for use as/in the diester-based lubricant compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to diester-based lubricant compositions comprising one or more isomeric mixtures of diester species. The present invention is also directed to methods of making these and other similar lubricant compositions. In some embodiments, the methods for making such diester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor material from which mono-unsaturated free lipid species can be provided or otherwise generated, wherein such mono-unsaturated free lipid species are converted to isomeric diol species en route to the synthesis of diester species for use as/in the diester-based lubricant compositions.

Abstract: Methods of treating and/or preventing otitis media in a subject are provided. Methods of treating and/or preventing otitis externa are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyethylene glycol esters and blends of the polyethylene glycol esters with polyethylene glycol ethers, together with in particular cosmetic and/or dermatological preparations containing them, methods for the production thereof and use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention uses a nitrogen-containing organic compound to be reacted with an alkyl sultone to obtain a zwitterion compound. The zwitterion compound is reacted with a heteropoly acid (HPA) to obtain an ionic liquid HPA (IL-HPA). The IL-HPA is used for acetylation of polyol and HOAc for obtaining polyol acetate. The IL used in the reaction can be recycled. Thus, problems of product separation, waste acid handling, and corrosion of facilities are solved and production through esterification is improved with a green catalysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the production of sterically hindered diol ethers and diacyl ethers of formula

Abstract: Provided are a lubricating oil base oil excellent in durability and low-torque property, and a lubricating oil composition suitable for a fluid dynamic pressure bearing, an oil-impregnated porous bearing, or a dynamic pressure-type oil-impregnated porous bearing to be used in a bearing for a small spindle motor related to information equipment. Specifically, provided are a lubricating oil base oil including, as a major component, a diester represented by the following formula (1), and a lubricating oil composition including the lubricating oil base oil.

Abstract: The present invention provides a termite attractant comprising 1-butanol, 2-butanol, or esters, ketones, ethers, carboxylic acids thereof, or salts thereof; a mimic termite-egg comprising the attractant; and a method for exterminating and controlling termites using the attractant or mimic termite-egg.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to triester-based lubricant compositions. The present invention is also directed to methods of making these and other similar lubricant compositions. In some embodiments, the methods for making such triester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor comprising mono-unsaturated fatty acids, wherein such mono-unsaturated fatty acids are reduced to mono-unsaturated fatty alcohols en route to the synthesis of triester species for use as/in the triester-based lubricant compositions. Subsequent steps in such synthesis may employ carboxylic acids and/or acyl halides/anhydrides derived from biomass and/or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Abstract: The application provides a base stock or a lubricant composition comprising the substances derived from algae by chemical modification of algal oil, including compositions comprising estomers. Methods for obtaining the same are also provided, including chemically modifying the algal oil with a saturated fatty acid under conditions favorable to the formation of a poly-estomer.

Abstract: A processing agent for processing urethane elastomer fibers contains a disperse medium of a specified kind having mineral oil as its principal component and a dispersoid of a specified kind including aliphatic ester compound. The disperse medium is 80-99.99% by mass and the dispersoid is 0.01-20% by mass for a total of 100% by mass. The average particle size of the dispersoid is prepared to be in the range of 0.01-500 ?m as measured by a specified measuring method.

Abstract: An process to obtain a mixture of lower carboxylic acid mono, di and triesters, from raw glycerin, a by-product of the process to obtain biodiesel, a transesterification of vegetable raw material with lower alcohols is described. Also described is a process to obtain triacetin or a mixture of mono-, di- and triacetin from that raw glycerin, without prior purification.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to triester-based lubricant compositions. The present invention is also directed to methods of making these and other similar lubricant compositions. In some embodiments, the methods for making such triester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor comprising mono-unsaturated fatty acids, wherein such mono-unsaturated fatty acids are reduced to mono-unsaturated fatty alcohols en route to the synthesis of triester species for use as/in the triester-based lubricant compositions. Subsequent steps in such synthesis may employ carboxylic acids and/or acyl halides/anhydrides derived from biomass and/or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Abstract: Described are agrochemical compositions comprising alkoxylation products according to general formula (I) R1(CO)m—O—[R2O]nR3??(I) wherein R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally hydroxy-functionalised hydrocarbyl radical containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms, R2 is an ethylene, propylene or butylene group or mixtures thereof, R3 is hydrogen or an acyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is an integer between 3 and 100. When R3 is an acyl group, R2 is ethylene, propylene or mixtures thereof, and when R3 is hydrogen, R2 is ethylene, propylene, butylene or mixtures thereof provided that the terminal group represents a butylene oxide unit.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a maize plant, seed, variety, and hybrid. More specifically, the disclosure relates to a maize plant containing a Cal-1 allele, whose expression results in increased cell wall-derived glucan content in the maize plant. The disclosure also relates to crossing inbreds, varieties, and hybrids containing the Cal-1 allele to produce novel types and varieties of maize plants.

Abstract: Described is a process for the alkoxylation of alcohols with I, Cl, or CH3CO2 endgroups, using alkylene epoxides in the presence of boron based catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biodegradable polymer comprising a plurality of releasable bioactive moieties, the releasable bioactive moieties being pendant from and covalently bonded to the biodegradable polymer backbone, wherein the biodegradable polymer backbone is formed from monomeric units that are each coupled via a biodegradable moiety, and wherein the bioactive moieties are capable of being released at a rate equal to or faster than the rate of biodegradation of the polymer backbone.

Abstract: The present invention is related to substituted butanol derivatives of the formula: wherein R is an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 straight chain alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 branched chain alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 straight chain alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 branched chain alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkoxy, nitrile, halo, amino, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylamino, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 dialkylamino, carboxy-C1-6 alkylamino, carboxy-C1-6 dialkylamino, an unsubstituted or substituted acetoxy, carboxy, an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyethyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarboxy, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylthio, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkyloxy, carboxamido, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarboxamido or an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 dialkylcarboxa

Abstract: Process for heterogeneously catalysed preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives using a reactor system comprising at least one reservoir vessel V, feed lines, at least one pump and a reaction vessel R, characterized in that a permanent gas flow through the reaction vessel R is applied through a gas feed line, and in which a reaction chamber in which the heterogeneous catalyst is not introduced in tightly packed form is delimited by at least two filters such that both the mass flow and the gas flow are passed through the reaction chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of denitrifying a solution including introducing into the solution an amount of a carbon source within a duration and at a frequency so that indigenous heterotrophic bacteria deplete dissolved oxygen in the solution and decompose oxygen from nitrate in the solution to obtain its combined oxygen. Related apparatuses and compounds also are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyethylene glycol esters and blends of the polyethylene glycol esters with polyethylene glycol ethers, together with in particular cosmetic and/or dermatological preparations containing them, methods for the production thereof and use thereof.

Abstract: A process to prepare polyol esters from tertiary alkyl acid with reduced homo-polymerisation of the polyols. The ester polyol can be used in the synthesis of further polyester resins for coating or structural/composite or lube oil applications.

Abstract: A method for maximizing the yield of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol di-2-ethylhexanoate (TMPD di-2-ethylhexanoate) from the reaction of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol (TMPD Glycol) and 2-ethylhexanoic acid through the intermediate compound 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-2-ethylhexanoate (TMPD mono-2-ethylhexanoate) is disclosed. The method involves maintaining a water level in the reactor of at least 0.10 weight %, and preferable above 0.20 weight %, thereby reducing formation of 2,2,4-trimethylpent-3-enyl-2-ethylhexanoate, an undesirable by-product.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing glycol diester by reacting a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid and a glycol monoester in the presence of a Lewis acid type catalyst is provided. In the method, after introducing the glycol monoester, the linear aliphatic carboxylic acid and the Lewis acid type catalyst into a reactor, the reaction occurs to produce reaction products and water in the reactor; an excess of the linear aliphatic carboxylic acid forms an azeotrope with water during the reaction to be sent to a condenser through a distillation column; the linear aliphatic carboxylic acid and water passed through the condenser are divided into an organic layer and an aqueous layer in an oil water separator; and the organic layer is returned to the distillation column through a material cycling line and water in the aqueous layer is removed through a water removal line.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing glycol diester by reacting a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid and a glycol monoester in the presence of a Lewis acid type catalyst is provided. In the method, after introducing the glycol monoester, the linear aliphatic carboxylic acid and the Lewis acid type catalyst into a reactor, the reaction occurs to produce reaction products and water in the reactor; an excess of the linear aliphatic carboxylic acid forms an azeotrope with water during the reaction to be sent to a condenser through a distillation column; the linear aliphatic carboxylic acid and water passed through the condenser are divided into an organic layer and an aqueous layer in an oil water separator; and the organic layer is returned to the distillation column through a material cycling line and water in the aqueous layer is removed through a water removal line.

Abstract: (Per)haloethers having formula: X-(Rf)L-O—CF2CF2—O—CX1X2—CFX3X4 , ??(I) process for obtaining them and hypofluorites usable in the synthesis of said (per)haloethers.

Abstract: Described is a method for improving the spreading properties of fatty alcohol containing cosmetic ingredients by providing a fatty alcohol containing starting material and adding an effective amount of acylating source [e.g., R1C)?O)OC(?O)R2, where R1 is an alkyl substituent of the acyl group having between 1 and 5 carbons; where R2 is a long chain fatty alkyl subsistent (non-limiting examples are unsaturated substituents such as CH3—(CH2)7—CH?CH—CH2—(CH2)x—, and saturated substituents such as CH3—(CH2)y—, wherein x ranges from 4 to 12, and y ranges from 14 to 22, and the like)], wherein the spreading properties of the starting material are increased over the spreading properties originally exhibited.

Abstract: A process for isolating vinyl acetate from the gas mixture formed in the reaction of ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in the gas phase over catalysts comprising palladium or palladium compounds, with recirculation of the acetic-acid solution obtained in the circulating gas scrubber to the first distillation column (predewatering column).

Abstract: A novel fatty polypropoxylate ester which is an ester of an aliphatic or an aromatic monoacid formed by reacting the acid with a stoichiometric excess of a polypropoxylated fatty alcohol. The compounds have the following structural formula: wherein R1 has the structural formula: wherein R5 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic moiety containing from 4 to 24 carbon atoms, and x is an integer from 3 to 30; and wherein R has the structural formula: wherein R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl; or wherein R6 is H or OH or NH2 or methyl or ethyl. The compounds possess exceptional pigment dispersant and esthetic emollient properties for use in personal care and topical pharmaceutical preparations, e.g., lipsticks, cream foundations, waterproof sunscreens, sunscreen lotions.

Abstract: A method for producing an ester comprising the steps of reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to obtain a crude esterfied product, adding 5 to 100 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon solvent with respect to 100 parts by weight of the crude esterified product and performing neutralization with an alkali aqueous solution. An alcohol solvent can be added, if necessary. Thus, a method for producing an ester is provided in which a high-quality ester is obtained at a high yield.

Abstract: Reaction mixtures and methods using catalysts and reaction conditions to produce significantly improved yields (and thereby higher purity) of olefin metathesis products, with greatly reduced amounts of impurities. These techniques include in one instance reduction in temperature of reaction, and in another, the use of chemical compounds that act as reaction inhibitors of unwanted reactions to minimize or prevent formation of unwanted impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process comprising the steps of reacting in the presence of an epoxide opening catalyst, a substituted epoxide, and preferably a silicone containing substituted epoxide with at least one carboxylic acid and at least one protecting agent to form a vicinal dialkyl ester or a vicinal disilyl ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a trimethylolpropane ester-based plasticizer composition for polyvinyl chloride resin, more particularly a plasticizer composition comprising trimethylolpropane ester capable of using as plasticizer of polyvinyl chloride resin. The present invention can prepare polyvinyl chloride resin having superior tensile strength, elongation, migration, and sheet heating loss etc. by using the plasticizer composition.

Abstract: A novel fatty polypropoxylate ester which is an ester of an aliphatic or an aromatic monoacid formed by reacting the acid with a stoichiometric excess of a polypropoxylated fatty alcohol.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of acyclic nucleosides such as valomaciclovir stearate comprising the acid hydrolysis of an intermediate of the formula II: where X is a leaving group or an optionally protected guanine moiety, R1 is a hydroxy protecting group or a —C(═O)C1-C22 alkyl ester group; R2 and R3 are independently lower alkyl or benzyl, or R2 and R3 taken together are —CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2CH2—; to the corresponding aldehyde of the formula III: and the reduction of the aldehyde to the corresponding alcohol of the formula IV: by the addition of a borohydride or borane aldehyde reducing agent, characterised in that the borohydride or borane aldehyde reducing agent is introduced under acid conditions.

Abstract: Process of making alkyl-capped alkoxylated esters. More specifically, a process of making alkyl-capped alkoxylated esters that are comprised substantially of triethylene alkoxy ester and substantially free from ethylene glycol monoalkoxy monoester and diethylene glycol monoalkoxy monoester.