Abstract: Process for the esterification of organic acids with alcohols in a reactor of the chromatographic type in which the heterogeneous solid phase is capable of acting both as an esterification catalyst and as a means exhibiting preferential adsorption towards one of the reaction products (typically water). The process to which the present invention relates is particularly improved compared with conventional technology owing to the use, as the means for regenerating the catalyst, of a desorbent to which has been added a second compound, generally the anhydride of the acid used in the esterification reaction, which, by chemical reaction, completes the removal of the adsorbed water.

Abstract: This invention relates to odor neutralizers comprising esters of the formula (I) wherein R1 is an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms which can optionally contain a double bond; R2 is a hydrogen or an alkyl radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms which can optionally contain a double bond; R3 is a hydrogen or a methyl radical substituted by the alkyl radicals R9 and R10; R4 is a hydrogen, a methyl radical or an acyloxy radical of the general formula O—CO—R1 wherein R1 has the abovementioned meaning; R5, R6, R7, R8 and R10 are identical or different and is hydrogen or methyl; R9 is a hydrogen and R4 and R9 can together represent a single carbon bond or a methylene or an ethylene bridge, with the proviso that i) in the case of cyclohexyl esters in which R1=methyl, R2=isopropyl, R5=methyl and R6=hydrogen, the substituents R2 and R5 are arranged in a cis relationship to each other; ii) in the case of cyclohexyl esters in which R2=isopropenyl, R5=methyl and R6&equa

Abstract: A novel fatty polypropoxylate ester which is an ester of an aliphatic or an aromatic monoacid formed by reacting the acid with a stoichiometric excess of a polypropoxylated fatty alcohol.

Abstract: Various epothilone precursors needed for the preparation of final epothilones are provided.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of glycidylesters of branched monocarboxylic acids, comprising (a) the reaction of the &agr;-branched monocarboxylic acid with a halo substituted monoepoxide such as an epihalohydrin (e.g. epichlorohydrin), in a 2-20 molar excess, in the presence of water and a water-miscible solvent as solvent, and in the presence of a catalyst, in an amount of at most 45 mol % of the molar amount of the monocarboxylic acid groups, and preferably at most 30 mol % at a temperature in the range of from 50 to 110, during a period in the range of from 0.8 to 2.5 hr, (b) addition of additional alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal alkanolate up to about an equimolar amount as to the monocarboxylic acid and reaction at a temperature of from 40 to 80° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing ester plasticizers from ethylene glycol or the dimers, trimers or tetramers of this compound and linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. The reaction is carried out in the presence of organic substances having a boiling point of <112° C., in particular cyclohexane, as azeotrope formers (entrainers) for removing the water of reaction.

Abstract: To obtain a Raney catalyst for fixed bed permitting a continuous use with a high initial activity and to produce a high purity sugar-alcohol at a low cost using the same. For this object, sugar-alcohol is produced by: using the powder type Raney catalyst made by using for the hydrogenation under the hydrogen pressure a lump form Raney catalyst made by (i) the first step for melting nickel and aluminum, (ii) the second step for obtaining quenched lump alloy by quenching droplets of said melted mixture and (iii) the third step for classifying and activating said quenched lump alloy as it is or once it is broken, collecting said lump form Raney catalyst, crushing into powder and reactivating, and hydrogenating sugars under the hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: Process for the esterification of organic acids with alcohols in a reactor of the chromatographic type in which the heterogeneous solid phase is capable of acting both as an esterification catalyst and as a means exhibiting preferential adsorption towards one of the reaction products (typically water). The process to which the present invention relates is particularly improved compared with conventional technology owing to the use, as the means for regenerating the catalyst, of a desorbent to which has been added a second compound, generally the anhydride of the acid used in the esterification reaction, which, by chemical reaction, completes the removal of the adsorbed water.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for manufacturing polyol complex esters. According to the method, a polyol, such as BEPD or NPG, is reacted with mono- and polyvalent acids in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction blend containing complex esters. According to the invention the acid components of the reaction blend are neutralized with a tertiary amine, and the complex esters are recovered from the thus treated reaction blend. The basic amines that are used form salt-like compounds with the carboxylic acids. The compounds enter the aqueous phase, from which they are easily separated, whereby the complex esters are recovered with high yield.

Abstract: A process for preparing folic acid, which comprises reacting a tetraalkoxypropanol of the general formula I, in which the substituents R are C1-C4-alkyl, with triaminopyrimidone of the formula II and p-aminobenzoyl-L-glutamic acid of the formula III

Abstract: Esters of branched C9 alcohols suitable as plasticizers are formed by esterification of a C9 alcohol produced by the aldol condensation from propanal and a C6 aldehyde and hydrogenation, the propanal optionally having been made from natural gas streams.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of polytetramethylene ether glycol diesters of the formula R—CO—O(—CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O)n-COR1 in which R and R1 are identical or different and are an alkyl radical or a derivative thereof, by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran in the presence of a fixed-bed polymerization catalyst and a carboxylic acid anhydride. Through use of neutral or weakly basic magnesium-aluminium hydrosilicates instead of the known acidic montmorillonite, zeolite or kaolin catalysts, polymers with more uniform properties and a narrower molecular weight distribution are obtained at a higher rate of polymerization, even when technical-grade tetrahydrofuran is used.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fatty acid ester of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether wherein a fatty acid ester of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether represented by the following formula (I) is produced through a reaction between a fatty acid alkyl ester with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a composite metal-oxide catalyst whose surface is modified with a metal hydroxide or a metal alkoxide: wherein each of R1 and R3 independently represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, R2 represents an alkylene group, and n is a positive number.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a mixture of trimethylolpropane caprylate and trimethylolpropane caprate comprising the steps ofA) purifying a less than pure mixture of methyl caprylate and methyl caprate;B) reacting the purified mixture from step A) with trimethylolpropane to transesterify the purified mixture to produce a reaction mixture containing trimethylolpropane caprylate and trimethylolpropane caprate; andC) removing methanol and unreacted methyl caprylate and methyl caprate from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A cationic amphipathic compound of formula (I), ##STR1## wherein A is a single bond, an NH--R' grouping or (a), wherein --R'-- is a straight or branched, optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-22 aliphatic chain optionally interrupted by one or more O, S or N heteroatoms and one or more saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radicals; each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which are the same or different, is a higher acyl or alkyl grouping; each of R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9, which are the same or different, is a (CH.sub.2).sub.n alkylene radical where 1.ltoreq.N.ltoreq.6; each of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, which are the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C.sub.1-22 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or acyl radical optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms selected from), S and N, or one or more saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radicals, or else at least two of the groupings R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: This Invention discloses the use of ascorbic and citric acid, their salts, ethers, acid esters and mixtures thereof in a method for the prevention of peroxide formation, and/or for decomposing peroxides already formed in polyethers. Hereby, the polyethers are made reactive to hydrosilylation by silanes and hydrosiloxanes. When the polyether treatment is done with mixtures of ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate and allyl polyethers, the hydrosilylation product contains reduced levels of propanal. The copolymers prepared using the treated polyethers are efficient stabilizers of flexible polyurethane foams and rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyolefins having predominantly a terminal double bond and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 10,000, which possess an aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton which is straight-chain or carries C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl side chains, with from 1 to 10 mol, per equivalent of double bond, of one or more vinyl esters I ##STR1## are obtainable by reacting the stated polyolefins with the vinyl esters I in the presence of a free radical initiator at from 80 to 200.degree. C., it being possible for these reaction products subsequently to have been hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols or converted into the corresponding amines by reductive amination with amines II ##STR2## .

Abstract: A method for producing and purifying triacetin. The method includes an initial separation of triacetin from a crude composition of triacetin and impurities. The separated triacetin is then contacted with an aqueous solution containing an oxidant, and results in an odorless and colorless purified triacetin.

Abstract: A biodegradable lubricant which is prepared from: about 60-99% by weight of at least one biodegradable synthetic ester base stock which comprises the reaction product of: a branched or linear alcohol having the general formula R(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and at least one branched oxo acid having a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.10, provided that said branched oxo acid does not include 2-ethylhexanoic acid; wherein the ester base stock exhibits the following properties: at least 60% biodegradation in 28 days as measured by the Modified Sturm test; a pour point of less than -25.degree. C.; and a viscosity of less than 7500 cps at -25.degree. C.; about 1 to 20% by weight lubricant additive package; and about 0 to 20% of a solvent.

Abstract: A synthetic ester composition exhibiting thermal and oxidative stability which comprises the reaction product of: a branched or linear alcohol having the general formula K(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and at least one branched mono-carboxylic acid which has a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.13 ; wherein the synthetic ester composition has between 5-35% unconverted hydroxyl groups, based on the total amount of hydroxyl groups in the branched or linear alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel glycerol derivative and a process for preparing the same, and a process for preparing a triazole derivative.According to the present invention, an optical active 2-arylglycerol derivative which is a novel and useful as a synthetic intermediate of medicament can be provided and furthermore, (R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-propane-1,2-diol which is useful as an antifungal agent can be prepared.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of inducing cell differentiation in a subject and methods of treating leukemia, thalassemia, or sickle cell anemia by administration to the subject of one or more oral bolus doses of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of one or more butyryl glycerides and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. This invention also provides a method of treating a surface or skin disorder in a subject by topical administration to the subject of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of one or more butyryl glycerides and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: An esterification process for producing glycol ether esters which comprises reacting a lower hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid with a glycol ether alcohol in the presence of a long chain alkyl substituted aryl sulfonic acid esterification catalyst, the alkyl radical having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to two classes of prepolymers containing a perfluoropolyethereal chain and carboxylic end groups, suitable as cross-linking agents for epoxy prepolymers. The first class contains anhydride-derived end groups; the second lactone-derived end groups; prepolymers therefrom are also disclosed. Additional non-fluorinated curing agents may also be added.

Abstract: Propylene glycol monomethyl ether butyrates and their isomers are obtained by the esterification of propylene glycol monomethyl ether or its isomer with iso-butyric or n-butyric acid at an elevated temperature above 80.degree. C. in the presence of acidic catalyst and azeotropic agent. These compounds are rectified for removing acid residue and moisture in order to yield the desirable product having high purity.

Abstract: A process for preparing R/S-.gamma.-lipoic acid of the formula I or R/S-.alpha.-lipoic acid of the formula II ##STR1## is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a liquid ether acetate. After reacting acetic acid with the corresponding ether alcohol, the resulting mixture of ether acetate, water, acetic acid, and ether alcohol is, with no distillation, contacted with alumina. Particular ether acetates that can be treated include ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate. The treated acetates are more stable to hydrolysis after they have been passed over a bed of alumina.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the esterification of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.24 monocarboxylic acid with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 monoalcohol in a reactor at an increased reaction temperature and increased pressure which is carried out in the absence of any esterification catalyst while continuously feeding in the alcohol during the reaction and removing a gaseous alcohol/water mixture. Preferably the process is carried out in countercurrent in column reactor which is packed or contains plates. The reaction temperature is usually between 200.degree. C. and 260.degree. C. at a pressure between 0.5 and 1.5 MPa. There is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 monocarboxylic acid and monoalcohol a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 monoalcohol. More preferably the process is carried in two steps with a first step as described above and a second step in which further reaction to a conversion of at least 99% is carried out in the presence of an esterification catalyst at a temperature below 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the production of di-trimethylolpropane (di-TMP), which comprises subjecting a solution containing less than 3 per cent by weight, preferably less than 1 per cent by weight of water, free trimethylolpropane (TMP) and/or partial ester between TMP and a monocarboxylic acid or its anhydride having 1-4 carbon atoms in the chain, which partial ester on average contains 1.0-2.5, preferably 1.0-2.0 ester groups per molecule to an etherification reaction by heating to 50.degree.-200.degree. C., preferably 70.degree.-190.degree. C. in the presence of an acid catalyst in solid state or in dissolved state until at most 30%, preferably at most 15% of the total content of free TMP and partial ester of TMP in the solution has been etherified to free di-TMP and partial ester of di-TMP respectively, at the same time continuously removing etherification water formed at the etherification reaction under vacuum at a pressure of 0.1-200 mm Hg, preferably 0.

Abstract: Propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate compounds are obtained by the esterification of propylene glycol monomethyl ether with propionic acid at an elevated temperature above 80.degree. C. in the presence of acidic catalyst and azeotropic agent. The compounds are rectified for removing acid residue and moisture in order to yield the desirable product having high purity.

Abstract: The process of producing alkoxylated thiodiglycol sulfoxide derivatives and thiodiglycol sulfone derivatives corresponding to formula I ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 may be the same or different and represent a hydroxyl-substituted aklyl radical containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of an alkyl monocarboxylic acid containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms, and X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 may be hydrogen, R represents hydrogen or methyl, z is 1 or 2, n is 0 to 25 and m is 1 to 25, by reacting an alkoxylated thiodiglycol with a C.sub.8 14 C.sub.30 .alpha.-olefin expoide or a C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 monocarboxylic acid in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:2, and oxidizing the mono- and bis- ethers or mono- and bis- esters formed to the sulfoxide or sulfone derivatives.

Abstract: Provided are certain novel fluid ternary glycol mixtures. Also provided is an improved process for preparing polyesters comprised of residues of the glycols which comprise the fluid ternary glycol/water mixtures.

Abstract: A propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate compound is obtained by the esterification of propylene glycol monomethyl ether with propionic acid at an elevated temperature above 80 .degree.C. in the presence of acidic catalyst and azeotropic agent. This compound is rectified for removing acid residue and moisture in order to yield the desirable product having high purity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing acetals and hemiacetal esters which comprises reacting a vinyl ester and an alcohol in the presence of a solvent having a dielectric constant of between about 15 and about 50 and an effective amount of palladium- or platinum-containing catalyst, in the absence of an active support, under reaction conditions sufficient to form the acetal or hemiacetal ester and recovering the acetal or hemiacetal ester.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## can advantageously be prepared by reacting compounds the formula II ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1 -R.sup.4 have the meanings given, with the anhydride of the formula III ##STR3## in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and the acid corresponding to the anhydride of the formula III.

Abstract: Diethanolamine and triglyceride are reacted to produce a reaction mixture comprising diethanol amide of monocarboxylic acid and hydroxy-functional glyceride. The reaction mixture is useful as an antistatic composition for formulating with polymers, especially polyolefins.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing and purifying glycol ether esters is disclosed. An azeotroping agent is included at a sufficiently low level to allow removal of the water of reaction, but also permit removal of by-products from esterification in the low-boiling component.

Abstract: 2-Methylenepropane-1,3-diol dicarboxylates are prepared by reacting pentaerythritol tetracarboxylates on solid catalysts at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Biologically active carboxylic acid esters which promote antitumor or immune response are selected from the group consisting of compounds having formulas (I), (II) and (III):XCH.sub.2 --CHX--CHX--C(.dbd.O)--O--Z (I)CH.sub.3 --CO--CH.sub.2 --C(.dbd.O)--O--Z (II)CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --CO--C(.dbd.O)--O--Z (III)wherein X is H, or one X only may be OH; Z is --CHR--O--(O.dbd.

Abstract: A thickening agent based upon a polyether ester compound having the formula: ##STR1## Wherein: R.sub.1 is H or ##STR2## R.sub.2 is a hydrocarbon chain having greater than 5 carbon atoms; and (W+X+Y+Z) is greater than 60.The thickening agents are useful in formulating various topical preparations, for example, shampoos, sunscreen lotions, cosmetics and the like.

Abstract: 2-Propyl-2-pentanoic acid (valproic acid) esters and (E)-2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid [(E)-2-valproenoic acid] esters surprisingly proved to have valuable properties, in that they show anticonvulsive and antiepileptic activities comparable with those of valproic acid, as well as an improved bioavailability and a markedly reduced toxicity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-pentanoic acid of Formula (I) ##STR1## which comprises reacting an ester of the general Formula (X) ##STR2## wherein X represents halogen and Z stands for a straight or branched chain C.sub.1-8 alkylene group optionally substituted by one or two 2,2-dimethyl-5-halopentanoyloxy group(s), wherein halo represents chlorine or bromine, and in which alkylene group one or two methylene group(s) may be optionally replaced either by hetero atom(s) or by a bivalent heterocyclic group--with an alkali salt of 2,5-dimethylphenol of Formula (II) ##STR3## or with an ester of the latter formed with a lower alkanoic acid, and hydrolizing the aryloxy-substituted ester of the general Formula (XI) thus obtained. Furthermore the invention relates to intermediate compounds of the general Formula (X), wherein X and Z are as stated above, and to a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Trialkylamines and methyl formate are recovered from reaction mixtures obtained in the preparation of trimethylolalkanes by reaction of n-alkanals with from 2.2 to 4.5 moles of formaldehyde in aqueous solution in the presence of from 0.6 to 3 mole of trialkylamine, each quantity based on 1 mole of alkanal, and subsequent hydrogenation in a process wherein the crude reaction mixturea) is heated to from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Phospholipase A.sub.2 inhibitors having the formula ##STR1## wherein R" is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkyl group, R.sub.1 " is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, y is an integer from 2 to 10, and J.sup.- is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion, are described.

Abstract: Alkylidene diesters such as ethylidene diacetate are produced by reacting an ether and/or an ester under substantially anhydrous conditions with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in contact with a catalyst system comprising a rhodium compound and a halogen component at a temperature in the range from 125.degree. to 300.degree. C. and at a carbon monoxide partial pressure in the range from about 1.0 to 1100 kg/cm.sup.2. When ethylidene diacetate is the product, it can then be decomposed to produce vinyl acetate and acetic acid by well-known techniques. Since one mole of acetic acid is also produced in the synthesis of the diacetate, the invention makes possible an overall process for the production of vinyl acetate which produces acetic acid rather than consumes it.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polyether resin having an epoxy group content of less than 0.2 meq/g and containing or average n/3-0.5 to n/3+2.5 primary hydroxyl groups, the process comprising reacting a glycidyl ester of a C.sub.9-11 branched aliphatic acid with an aliphatic primary polyhydric alcohol having n primary hydroxyl groups and 5 to 16 carbon atoms, n having a value of 3 to 6, in the presence of an etherification catalyst selected from a tin, zinc or iron compound.

Abstract: Quaternized condensation products useful as aftertreating agents for fixing reactive dyeings and prints on textile materials which contain cellulose fibers are formed fromA) a precondensate of one or more trialkanolamines I ##STR1## (R.sup.1 -R.sup.3 =C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -1,2-alkylene), B) a) a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof IIa ##STR2## [n=0, 1; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 =OH (except if n=0), C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy (possibly joined together to form a 5- or 6-membered ring if n=0), Cl, Br; R.sup.6 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.50 -alkylene (possibly interrupted by one or more nonadjacent oxygen atoms)],b) a carboxamide IIb ##STR3## [m, n, r=0, 1; R.sup.7 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl; R.sup.8 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.25 -alkenyl, Ph (possibly substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, F, Cl, Br)],c) an epihalohydrin IIc, ##STR4## d) a monofunctional compound IIdR.sup.9 --Y IId[R.sup.9 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.25 -alkenyl, Ph (possibly substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing glycol monoesters by reacting carboxylic acid, olefin and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst containing (A) a palladium component, (B) an oxygen-containing nitrogen compound, and (C) a metal halide in the specified ratio of (A), (B), (C).According to the present invention, the regeneration of the catalyst through reduction is easy and the catalyst of high activity can be used repeatedly.

Abstract: Long chain diol diesters, notably 11- to 30- carbon aliphatic chains having two vicinal fatty acid esters or dicarboxylate-extended fatty acid esters, or two fatty acid esters of dicarboxylate-extended fatty acid esters separated by one or two methylene groups, attached to one end of the chain, are edible, preferably partially digestible, fat replacements for foods.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the continuous liquid-phase esterification of C.sub.2 -C.sub.24 fatty acids with alkanols in countercurrent contact and reaction in a reaction column, the catalysts and fatty acids are introduced at the top plate and the alkanols below the lowest plate, at a head pressure of the reaction column of 200 to 900 hPa. The process reduces dehydration of the alkanols.