Abstract: Compounds are described that are active on at least one of PPAR?, PPAR?, and PPAR?, which are useful for therapeutic and/or prophylactic methods involving modulation of at least one of PPAR?, PPAR?, and PPAR?.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the structure: wherein the constituent members are defined herein, including pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of treating diseases therewith.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses processes for preparing intermediates of armodafinil, and the conversion of the intermediates to armodafinil.

Abstract: There is provided stereoselective route to a compound of formula I: wherein R represents H or an alkali metal, Ar1 represents 4-chlorophenyl and Ar2 represents 2,5-difluorophenyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds capable of binding to an Fc receptor and modulating Fc receptor activity comprising a core lipophilic group in the form of an Aryl zing substituted with a group rich in p-electrons. The invention further provides for a method of treating an autoimmune disease involving Fc receptor activity using such compounds. A method for obtaining a compound which modulates Fc receptor activity is also provided, the method comprising: (a) providing or designing compounds having structural characteristics to fit in the groove of the Fc?RIIa structure; and (b) screening the compounds for modulating activity on the Fc receptor.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted phenoxyacetic acids of formula (I), where the variables are as defined in claim 1, as useful pharmaceutical compounds for treating respiratory disorders, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) wherein T represents O, S or NR and wherein R represents a H, a C1-6alkyl group or a phenyl C1-6alkyl group and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, processes for preparing such compounds, their the utility in treating clinical conditions including lipid disorders (dyslipidemias) whether or not associated with insulin resistance, methods for their therapeutic use and and pharmaceutical compositions containing them

Abstract: A method for removing impurities from 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid which comprises at least two of the following steps, in any order, (a) dissolving 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid in water at a pH of about 2 to 10, followed by filtration; (b) contacting an aqueous solution of 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenizoic acid with activated carbon at a pH of about 2 to 10; (c) treating an aqueous solution of 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid with sufficient base to hydrolyze undesired nitro and dinitro substituted impurities; followed by maintaining the resulting aqueous solution comprising 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid at a temperature of up to about 95° C., and adjusting the pH of said solution to about a pH which is sufficient to effect crystallization of 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid upon cooling.

Abstract: Bicalutamide and/or its intermediates are made by the use of p-fluorobenzenesulfinic acid salt as a reagent.

Abstract: Process for making a pharmaceutical composition, comprising: a compound of formula (1) in crystalline form: together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient, wherein the compound of formula (1) is present in polymorphic crystal form A substantially free of other polymorphs, and methods for making this polymorph.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reduced particle size form of the compound (S)-2-ethoxy-3-[4-(2-{4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl}ethoxy)phenyl]propanoic acid, as shown in formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate of either thereof. The invention also concerns methods of treating one or more conditions associated with Insulin Resistance Syndrome using the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for use in one or more of said conditions. The invention further concerns pharmaceutical compositions containing the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, as an active ingredient, as well as processes for the manufacture of the reduced particle size form of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to new compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic kits comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds for inhibiting NAALADase enzyme activity, detecting diseases where NAALADase levels are altered, effecting neuronal activity, effecting TGF-? activity, inhibiting angiogenesis, and treating glutamate abnormalities, diabetic neuropathy, pain, compulsive disorders, prostate diseases, cancers and glaucoma.

Abstract: Novel sulphones of formula I are disclosed: The compounds modulate the processing of amyloid precursor protein by gamma-secretase, and hence are useful in the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to new compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic kits comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds for inhibiting NAALADase enzyme activity, detecting diseases where NAALADase levels are altered, effecting neuronal activity, effecting TGF-? activity, inhibiting angiogenesis, and treating glutamate abnormalities, neuropathy, pain, compulsive disorders, prostate diseases, cancers and glaucoma.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing 3-bromomethylbenzoic acids of the formula II 1

Abstract: Bicalutamide and/or its intermediates are made by the use of p-fluorobenzenesulfinic acid salt as a reagent.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: are disclosed which have activity as inhibitors of binding between VCAM-1 and cells expressing VLA-4. Such compounds are useful for treating diseases whose symptoms and/or damage are related to the binding of VCAM-1 to cells expressing VLA-4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the synthesis of racemic and optically active bicalutamide starting from ethyl pyruvate and methyl methacrylate. The present invention discloses processes of preparing bicalutamide intermediates including ethyl-[2-{4-fluorophenyl sulfone}]-2-hydroxy propionate, 1,2-epoxy-2-methyl propionate and 2-hydrox-2-methyl-3-(4-fluorophenylthio)propionic acid. The present invention further discloses micronized rac-bicalutamide and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: (E)-styryl benzylsulfones of formula I are useful as anticancer agents: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, iodo, bromo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, nitro, cyano and trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that (a) R1, R2 , and R3 not all hydrogen when R4 is 2-chloro or 4-chloro; (b) when R1 and R3 are hydrogen and R2 is 4-bromo or 4-chloro, then R4 may not be 4-chloro, 4-fluoro or 4-bromo; (c) when R1 and R3 are hydrogen and R2 is 4-fluoro, then R4 may not be 4-fluoro or 4-bromo, (d) when R1 is hydrogen, and R4 is 2-fluoro, the R2 and R3 may not be 4-fluoro; and (e) when R1 is hydrogen and R3 is 4-hydrogen, 4-chloro, 4-bromo, 4-methyl or 4-methoxy, and R4 is 2-hydrogen, 2-chloro, or 2-fluoro; then R2 may not be 4-hydrogen, 4-chloro, 4-fluoro, or 4-bromo.

Abstract: A method for removing impurities from 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid which comprises at least two of the following steps, in any order, (a) dissolving 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid in water at a pH of about 2 to 10, followed by filtration; (b) contacting an aqueous solution of 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylberizoic acid with activated carbon at a pH of about 2 to 10; (c) treating an aqueous solution of 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid with sufficient base to hydrolyze undesired nitro and dinitro substituted impurities; followed by maintaining the resulting aqueous solution comprising 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid at a temperature of up to about 95° C., and adjusting the pH of said solution to about a pH which is sufficient to effect crystallization of 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid upon cooling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) in which X represents O, S, SO, SO2, CH2, CHF, CF2 or NR8, and Z represents a group of the formula in which A represents O or S, the subscript “a” is 0 or 1, group D represents a straight-chain (C1-C4)-alkylene group, and R36 represents OR37 or NR38R39. It also relates to processes for preparation of such compounds and to their use in medicaments for the treatment of depression, goiter, cancer of the thyroid gland, arteriosclerosis, hypercholesterolaemia, dyslipidaemia, obesity, cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary emphysema, pain, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, cardiac arrhythmias, hypothyroidism, skin disorders or diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain tri-substituted phenyl derivatives and analogues of formula (I), to a process for preparing such compounds, having the utility in clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance, to methods for their therapeutic use and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: A thermosensitive recording material has a support and a thermosensitive coloring layer formed thereon containing a leuco dye and a color developer capable of inducing color formation in the leuco dye upon application of heat thereto, with the color developer including at least one compound (A) having in a molecule thereof at least two aromatic ring moieties with specific structures, selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ring moiety having at least one carboxyl group and electron-attracting functional group, an aromatic ring moiety having at least one carboxyl group and electron-donating functional group, and an aromatic ring moiety having at least one carboxyl group, free of the electron-attracting and electron-donating functional groups. An aromatic carboxylic acid compound serving as the above-mentioned compound (A) and the producing method thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The use of pamoic acid or of one of its derivatives is described with general formula (I), in which groups R1 and R5 are as indicated in the description, or of one of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diseases characterised by deposits of amyloid aggregates.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful as plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) antagonists are provided. In particular, methods of antagonizing PAI with substituted and unsubstituted aryl and heteroaryl ethers and thioethers, benzils, benzyl ethers, benzoate esters, sulfones and benzophenones are provided.

Abstract: A novel process affords &ohgr;-ketocarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: (E)-styryl benzylsulfones of formula I are useful as anticancer agents: 1

Abstract: Novel 3-aryl propionic acid derivatives and analogs, process and intermediate for their manufacture, pharmaceutical preparations containing them and the use of the compounds in clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance.

Abstract: The present invention is related to anthranilamides of formula I, 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds that are useful for inhibition and prevention of cell adhesion and cell adhesion-mediated pathologies. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations comprising these compounds and methods of using them for inhibition and prevention of cell adhesion and cell adhesion-mediated pathologies. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be used as therapeutic or prophylactic agents. They are particularly well-suited for treatment of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: Pre-treatment with &agr;,&bgr; unsaturated aryl sulfones protects normal cells from the cytotoxic side effects of two classes of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Administration of a cytoprotective sulfone compound to a patient prior to anticancer chemotherapy with a mitotic phase cell cycle inhibitor or topoisomerase inhibitor reduces or eliminates the cytotoxic side effects of the anticancer agent on normal cells. The cytoprotective effect of the &agr;,&bgr; unsaturated aryl sulfone allows the clinician to safely increasing the dosage of the anticancer chemotherapeutic.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved methods of producing aryl dioxoalkanoic acid compounds and derivatives useful as intermediates for diarylpyrrole therapeutic agents by the alcoholysis of benzoylcyclohexanone ketal compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to new compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic kits comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds for inhibiting NAALADase enzyme activity, detecting diseases where NAALADase levels are altered, effecting neuronal activity, effecting TGF-&bgr; activity, inhibiting angiogenesis, and treating glutamate abnormalities, diabetic neuropathy, pain, compulsive disorders, prostate diseases, cancers and glaucoma.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds, which act to antagonize the action of the glucagon hormone on the glucagon receptor. Owing to their antagonizing effect of the glucagon receptor the compounds may be suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of any diseases and disorders, wherein a glucagon antagonistic action is beneficial, such as hyperglycemia, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, disorders of the lipid metabolism, such as dyslipidemia, and obesity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the synthesis of racemic and optically active bicalutamide starting from ethyl pyruvate and methyl methacrylate. The present invention discloses processes of preparing bicalutamide intermediates including ethyl-[2-{4-fluorophenyl sulfone}]-2-hydroxy propionate, 1,2-epoxy-2-methyl propionate and 2-hydrox-2-methyl-3-(4-fluorophenylthio)propionic acid. The present invention further discloses micronized rac-bicalutamide and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Compounds are provided that lower blood glucose concentrations, lower serum triglyceride concentrations, lower systolic blood pressure, and increase glucose uptake by adipose tissue, but do not affect the expression of PPAR-&ggr; by adipose tissue.

Abstract: Styryl benzylsulfones of formula I are useful as antiproliferative agents, including, for example, anticancer agents: 1

Abstract: Propanolamine derivatives represented by the following formula (I): These derivatives may be &bgr;3 agonists and exert sympathomimetic, anti-ulcerous, anti-pancreatitis, lipolytic and anti-urinary incontinence and anti-pollakiuria activities. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such propanolamine derivatives, methods for the prevention and/or treatment diseases using these propanolamine derivatives, and processes for their preparation are also described.

Abstract: This invention provides processes for the preparation of a compound of Formula I:

Abstract: Styryl benzylsulfones of formula I are useful as antiproliferative agents, including, for example, anticancer agents: 1

Abstract: Compounds represented by general formula I or salts thereof, wherein n is an integer of 2 or 3; R represents a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 4 or 4 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group or the like, Y represents a hydroxyl or amino group, A represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl, methoxy, nitro group or the like, Q represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl or methoxy group. They can be formulated to give pharmaceutical compositions that are effective as prophylactic or therapeutic agents for allergic diseases associated with IgE production inhibitors or IgE antibodies.

Abstract: Compounds having Formula 2 wherein the symbols have the meaning defined in the specification are inhibitors of the cytochrome P450RAI (retinoic acid inducible) enzyme, and are used for treating diseases responsive to treatment by retinoids.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the discovery that condensation polymers of an aldehyde and aromatic sulfonic acids and fractions thereof, such as formaldehyde naphthalenesulfonic acid condensation polymers, can abrogate HIV gp120 binding to CD4, as demonstrated in CD4/gp120 binding assays. In addition to gp120 binding inhibition, the compounds have been shown to inhibit HIV-induced syncytia formation and infectivity of CD+ cells. The use of this compound has been shown to be non-cytotoxic and non-inhibitory to antigen induced T lymphocyte proliferation. Based on these findings, these compounds can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as well as AIDS-related complex (ARC), AIDS-related dementia and non-symptomatic HIV infection. The compounds can also be used to treat blood preparations.

Abstract: This invention provides processes for the preparation of a compound of Formula I:

Abstract: An isomerization process of trans-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylthio)benzyliden]inden-3-acetic acid for the treatment of sodium salt in methanol and in the presence of a base at 70±2° C. is described.

Abstract: Phenoxyacetic acid derivatives of the formula: wherein R1, R2, Xn and A are as defined herein, and a process for preparing the derivatives. The derivatives are used as herbicides.

Abstract: A novel 3-aryl-2-hydroxypropionic acid derivative, a process and intermediate for its manufacture, pharmaceutical preparations containing it and the use of the compound in clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of general formula (I): in which Ar is a group selected from: A1, A2, B, C, D, E, Q1-Q3, R1-R9, Z1 and Z2 are as defined in the disclosure, and Y represents carboxy or an acid bioisostere. These compounds inhibit the production or physiological effects of TNF and inhibit cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula (I), their pharmaceutical use and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds that are useful for inhibition and prevention of cell adhesion and cell adhesion-mediated pathologies. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations comprising these compounds and methods of using them for inhibition and prevention of cell adhesion and cell adhesion-mediated pathologies. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be used as therapeutic or prophylactic agents. They are particularly well-suited for treatment of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: Phenoxyalkylcarboxylic acid derivative represented by the following formula, wherein R1 indicates hydrogen atom, methyl group or ethyl group, m is an integer from 2 to 5, and n is an integer from 3 to 8, X1 and X2 each independently represent sulfur atom, oxygen atom, sulfinyl group or sulfonyl group, proviso X1 and X2 are not simultaneously oxygen atom; their alkali salts and hydrates thereof are useful as antiallergic agents.