Abstract: Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for making L-ornithine phenyl acetate. The process may include, for example, intermixing a halide salt of L-ornithine with silver phenyl acetate. The process may also include forming a phenyl acetate salt in situ. The present application also relates to various compositions obtained from these processes, including crystalline forms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for making L-ornithine phenyl acetate. The process may include, for example, intermixing a halide salt of L-ornithine with silver phenyl acetate. The process may also include forming a phenyl acetate salt in situ. The present application also relates to various compositions obtained from these processes, including crystalline forms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition containing a unit dose of a diclofenac compound effective to induce analgesia; and a beta-cyclodextrin compound; wherein the dose of the diclofenac compound is less than 75 mg, e.g., from about 18.75 mg to about 37.5 mg. The present invention is also directed to methods of treating a subject in need of analgesia with the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for making L-ornithine phenyl acetate. The process may include, for example, inter-mixing a halide salt of L-ornithine with silver phenyl acetate. The process may also include forming a phenyl acetate salt in situ. The present application also relates to various compositions obtained from these processes, including crystalline forms.

Abstract: Methods of halogenating a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond are provided. Methods of fluorinating a carbon containing compound comprising halogenation with Cl or Br followed by nucleophilic substitution with F are provided. Methods of direct oxidative C—H fluorination of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond are provided. The halogenated products of the methods are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted aromatic compounds of Formula I and their pharmaceutical uses. Particular aspects of the invention relate to the use of those compounds in the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases and conditions in subjects, including the prevention or treatment of (i) blood disorders, (ii) renal disorders, a nephropathies, or renal disorder complications; (iii) inflammatory-related diseases; and/or (iv) oxidative stress related disorders.

Abstract: The invention concerns a new process for the resolution of ivabradine and of intermediates of synthesis thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to repeated administration of antigen-specific immunotherapeutics using protocols, or elements thereof, that do not induce immunosuppression. In some embodiments, the protocol has been previously shown not to induce immunosuppression in a subject.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhancing the thermal stability of ionic compounds including ionic liquids, by immobilization on porous solid support materials having a pore diameter of between about 20-200 ?, wherein the solid support does not have a pore size of 90 ?.

Abstract: A stereospecific synthesis process for tretinoin compounds comprises the following steps: using substituted triphenyl phosphine salt and ?-formyl crotonic acid as raw material to carry out WITTIG reaction under the action of alkali; then adjusting the pH of the reaction liquid to 5-10; adding palladium compound or rhodium compound to carry out isomerization directly and obtain tretinoin compounds with desired configuration. The product yield of the process is high and the intermediate product in the reaction dose not need to be separated. The process is easy to operate and can save the production cost and as well is suitable for industrial production.

Abstract: A stereospecific synthesis process for tretinoin compounds comprises the following steps: using substituted triphenyl phosphine salt and ?-formyl crotonic acid as raw material to carry out WITTIG reaction under the action of alkali; then adjusting the pH of the reaction liquid to 5-10; adding palladium compound or rhodium compound to carry out isomerization directly and obtain tretinoin compounds with desired configuration. The product yield of the process is high and the intermediate product in the reaction dose not need to be separated. The process is easy to operate and can save the production cost and as well is suitable for industrial production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and salts thereof by new synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I), in which W, X, Y, Z and CKE are each as defined above, to several methods and intermediates for preparation thereof and to the use thereof as pesticides and/or herbicides. The invention also relates to selective herbicidal compositions which comprise firstly haloalkylmethyleneoxyphenyl-substituted ketoenols and secondly a compound which improves crop plant compatibility. The present invention further relates to the enhancement of the action of crop protection compositions comprising especially haloalkylmethyleneoxyphenyl-substituted ketoenols, by the addition of ammonium or phosphonium salts and optionally penetration enhancers, to the corresponding compositions, to methods for production thereof and to the use thereof in crop protection as insecticides and/or acaricides and/or for preventing undesired plant growth.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rectal administration of phenylbutyrate for treating a motor neuron disease, such as, for example, spinal muscular atrophy or a metabolic disease such as, for example, an urea cycle disorder, related methods and compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides an oral pharmaceutical composition, optionally in dose unit form, comprising a lipophilic drug substance in dispersion in a physiologically tolerable aqueous carrier, preferably an aqueous gel, wherein said drug substance contains a functional electrostatic group having a pKa value of from 2 to 10, characterised in that said aqueous carrier has a pH at least 0.3 below or above said pKa value, said pH being below said pKa where said group is acidic and above said pKa where said group is basic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing particles with a length-width ratio of less than about 1.4 from a pharmaceutical substance, which method includes the following stages, that is: (a) provision of a melt of the pharmaceutical substance; (b) production of droplets of the melt by spraying into a processing chamber; (c) repeated guiding of solid particles past sprayed droplets in the processing chamber with the aid of a process gas jet which is guided in a defined way and whose temperature is fixed, depending on the solidification point of the melt, so that at least some of the droplets come into contact with particles and solidify thereon; (d) removal of particles from the processing chamber as a function of the particle size. The invention further relates to particles of pharmaceutical substances and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and salts thereof by means of new synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a (2R, 3R)-3-(3-substituted phenyl)-2-methyl n-pentanamide compounds as shown in the formula I and the preparation method thereof, wherein, the substituents are as defined in the specification, the present invention further relates to a use of the above compounds for the preparation of tapentadol II or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and the intermediates involved in the preparation process.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I), in which W, X, Y, Z and CKE are each as defined above, to several methods and intermediates for preparation thereof and to the use thereof as pesticides and/or herbicides. The invention also relates to selective herbicidal compositions which comprise firstly haloalkylmethyleneoxyphenyl-substituted ketoenols and secondly a compound which improves crop plant compatibility. The present invention further relates to the enhancement of the action of crop protection compositions comprising especially haloalkylmethyleneoxyphenyl-substituted ketoenols, by the addition of ammonium or phosphonium salts and optionally penetration enhancers, to the corresponding compositions, to methods for production thereof and to the use thereof in crop protection as insecticides and/or acaricides and/or for preventing undesired plant growth.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one compound, selected from the group consisting of tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, metconazole, cyproconazole, prothioconazole and any mixtures thereof, for increasing the resistance of plants to abiotic stress factors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing particles with a length-width ratio of less than about 1.4 from a pharmaceutical substance, which method includes the following stages, that is: (a) provision of a melt of the pharmaceutical substance; (b) production of droplets of the melt by spraying into a processing chamber; (c) repeated guiding of solid particles past sprayed droplets in the processing chamber with the aid of a process gas jet which is guided in a defined way and whose temperature is fixed, depending on the solidification point of the melt, so that at least some of the droplets come into contact with particles and solidify thereon; (d) removal of particles from the processing chamber as a function of the particle size. The invention further relates to particles of pharmaceutical substances and the use thereof.

Abstract: A production process for substituted phenylacetic acids or ester analogues thereof is disclosed. In this process toluene or toluene substituted with various substituents, an alcohol, an oxidant and carbon monoxide are used as raw materials to obtain compounds comprising structure of phenylacetic acid ester or analogues thereof by catalysis of the complex catalyst formed from transition metal and ligand, and such compounds are hydrolyzed to obtain various substituted phenylacetic acid based compounds. This type of compounds and their derivatives serve as important fine chemicals used widely in the industries of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfume and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium catalysts and related borohydride complexes, and the use of such catalysts, inter alia, for (1) hydrogenation of amides (including polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (2) preparing amides from alcohols with amines (including the preparation of polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines and/or by polymerization of amino alcohols); (3) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones) or polyesters); (4) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols and hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (5) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (6) hydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (i.e.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a molecular sieve composition having a first and second crystalline molecular sieve, made by the method comprising: (a) providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one source of ions of tetravalent element Y, at least one source of alkali metal hydroxide, water, optionally at least one seed crystal, and optionally at least one source of ions of trivalent element X, the reaction mixture having the following molar composition: Y:X2=2 to infinity, preferably from about 2 to about 1000, OH?:Y=0.001 to 2, preferably from 0.1 to 1, M+:Y=0.001 to 2, preferably from 0.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to a spiro phosphine-oxazoline and preparation method and application thereof, particularly, publishes a novel spiro phosphine-oxazoline and the preparation method of its iridium complex. The substituted 7-diaryl phosphino-7?-carboxy-1,1?-Lo-dihydro-indene is used as the starting raw material to synthesize the novel spiro phosphine-oxazoline of the present invention through a two-step reaction. The novel spiro phosphine-oxazoline and the iridium precursor are complexed to become a complex, and then through ion exchange, an iridium/phosphine spiro-oxazoline complex with different anions can be obtained. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology. The cheap readily available amino alcohol is used as the raw material to synthesize the novel spiro phosphine-oxazoline, on the fourth position of the oxazoline ring of which there is no substitutent.

Abstract: Organic-inorganic composite particles that can be dispersed in a solvent and/or a resin as primary particles having an organic group on the surface of inorganic particles, the organic-inorganic composite particles having negative birefringence.

Abstract: The present invention is a dentinal drug delivery composition composed of cationic and/or neutral porous particles containing an effective amount of a therapeutic agent, a method for using the dentinal drug delivery to provide a dental treatment, and a method for identifying anti-inflammatory agents capable of diffusing through dentin.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl-substituted tetramic acid derivatives of the formula (I) in which A, B, D and G are as defined above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides, and also to selectively herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the 2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl-substituted tetramic acid derivatives of the formula (I) and, secondly, at least one crop plant tolerance promoter compound.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a novel and advantageous method for preventing and treating viral infection. Specifically exemplified herein are therapeutic uses of forsythoside A and jacaranone, compounds isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal material such as Fructus forsythiae (Lian Qiao). Also provided is use of a Yin Qiao San composition for preventing and treating viral infection.

Abstract: The invention relates to GLP-1 receptor agonist compounds with a modified N-terminus. The compounds are of the formula Chem. 1: Y—Z—P, wherein P represents a fragment of a GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide lacking the two N-terminal amino acid residues; and Y—Z represents novel His-Ala mimetics. Examples of GLP-1 receptor agonist compounds are derived from human GLP-1 (7-37), exendin-4(1-39), or GLP-1 A (1-37). The invention also relates to derivatives of these compounds, in particular compounds with one or more albumin binding side chains capable of protracting the duration of action in vivo of these compounds. The peptides and derivatives of the invention have a good potency, a protracted pharmacokinetic profile, are stable against degradation by gastro intestinal enzymes, and/or have a high oral bioavailability. These properties are of importance in the development of GLP-1 receptor agonist compounds for subcutaneous, intravenous, and/or in particular oral administration.

Abstract: Selective bromination of 2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoic acid in aqueous medium is described to obtain pure 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid, which is a useful key intermediate in the process of manufacturing pure fexofenadine.

Abstract: The present invention provides phenylalkylcarboxylic acid compounds and compositions containing such compounds which facilitate the delivery of biologically active agents.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for modulating the activity of human type I taste receptor subunit 3 (hT1R3). Such materials and methods are useful for the screening and preparation of compositions and methods for the treatment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are: labeled NSAIDs compounds which can be produced within a short time, can be used suitably for a PET method, and enable the imaging of cyclooxygenase-2; and a process for producing the labeled NSAIDs compounds. Specifically disclosed are isotope-labeled 2-arylpropionic acid compounds, each of which is a compound represented by general formula (1) (wherein Ar represents an aryl group which may have a substituent; R1 represents anyone selected from 11CH3, CH218F and CF218F; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group which may have a branch, wherein a compound wherein Ar is a benzene ring, R1 is 11CH3, and R2 is a hydrogen atom is excluded), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing substituted and unsubstituted (2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)acetic acids and their esters of the formula (I) using homogeneous and heterogeneous palladium catalysts, and also the intermediates 4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylphenylacetic acid and 4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylmandelic acid, and to processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are crystalline forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. The crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to salts of 3-pentylphenylacetic acid and their pharmaceutical uses. Particular aspects of the invention relate to the use of those salts in the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases and conditions in subjects, including the prevention and treatment of (i) blood disorders, (ii) renal disorders and renal disorder complications; (iii) inflammatory-related diseases; and/or (iv) oxidative stress related disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted aromatic compounds of Formula I and their pharmaceutical uses. Particular aspects of the invention relate to the use of those compounds in the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases and conditions in subjects, including the prevention or treatment of (i) blood disorders, (ii) renal disorders, a nephropathies, or renal disorder complications; (iii) inflammatory-related diseases; and/or (iv) oxidative stress related disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 4-phenylbutyric acid and/or salts thereof, of the formula (I) for enhancing stress tolerance in plants to abiotic stress, preferably drought stress, and to the associated enhancement in plant growth and/or increase in plant yield.

Abstract: The present invention fabricates mesocrystals of organic and organo-metallic compounds. Supersaturated solutions are made with different sums of an organic or organo-metallic compound and the organic or organo-metallic compound is added with an excipient. Through a water bath, mesocrystals are obtained from the supersaturated solutions with well-faceted nucleation and growth. Different polymorphisms are induced with different ratios of enantiomers. And the dissolution rate for fabricating the API is enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. More particularly, the invention relates to combined therapies that modulate angiogenesis for treating said disease.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for obtaining solid micro- or nanoparticles with a homogeneous structure. A method is provided for obtaining solid micro- or nanoparticles with a homogeneous structure having a particle size of less than 10 ?m where the processed solid compound has the natural, crystalline, amorphous, polymorphic and other features associated with the starting compound. In accordance with the invention a method which also makes it possible to obtain solid micro- or nanoparticles with a substantially spheroidal morphology is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a composition for restoring pollen fertility by suppressing formation insufficiency in a pollen formation process due to a high-temperature or low-temperature stress. The present invention provides a fertility restorative agent comprising an auxin as an active ingredient, and a method for restoring the fertility of a plants of the family Poaceae, comprising spreading an auxin. Moreover, the present invention provides a fertility restorative agent containing as an active ingredient a substance which inhibits auxin action, and a method for restoring the fertility of rice plant, including spreading a substance which inhibits auxin action.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds useful, for example, for treating metabolic disorders in a subject. Such compounds have the general formula I: where the definitions of the variables are provided herein. The present invention also provides compositions that include, and methods for using, the compounds in preparing medicaments and for treating metabolic disorders such as, for example, type II diabetes.

Abstract: Provided herein are triazolium carbine catalysts useful for asymmetric hydration, fluorination, and deuteration, and processes for their preparation. Also provided are synthetic reactions in which these catalysts are used, in particular, in stereoselective formation of carbon-chlorine, carbon-hydrogen, carbon-fluorine, and carbon-deuterium bonds.