Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A process for the production of alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid with high yield at low temperature and atmospheric pressure, includes two stages for catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of olefins with molecular oxygen.

Abstract: A process for preparing saturated carboxylic acids having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms at a reaction temperature of from 100° C. to 400° C. and pressures of from 1.2×105 Pa to 51×105 Pa by gas phase oxidation of saturated and/or unsaturated C4-hydrocarbons, with an oxygen-containing gas and water vapor in the presence of at least one catalyst. The gas leaving the reactor is partly recirculated in a reaction gas circuit. This reaction gas circuit is configured such that part of the organic acids formed in the gas-phase oxidation is taken from the gas leaving the reactor so that the acid content of the recirculated part of the gas leaving the reactor is from 0.01% to 6.0% by volume.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for stabilizing waste oil which is taken of each chemical apparatus of the manufacturing line of (meth)acryl acid and/or ester thereof, and treating the waste oil such as draining it out of the production apparatus, for example, a distillation tower from its bottom, sending and transporting it by a pump through a pipeline, and storing it in a storage tank in a simple manner while keeping the waste oil in a stable state. The waste oil can be stabilized by coexisting with solvent. The solvent used in the present invention is typically at least one selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, ether, carboxylic acid, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for selectively producing acetic acid from a gaseous feedstock of ethane, ethylene or mixtures thereof and oxygen at a high temperature. Said gaseous feedstock is brought together with a catalyst containing the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in the gram-atomic ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen: MoaPdbXcYd (I). Symbols X and Y have the following meaning: X represents one or several of the elements chosen from the group Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Te and W; Y represents one or several of the elements chosen from the group B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Tl and U, the indices a, b, c, d and x represent the gram-atomic ratios of the corresponding elements: a=1, b=0.0001 to 0.01, c=0.4 to 1 and d=0.005 to 1. The space-time yield in the oxidation to acetic acid using the inventive method is >150 kg/hm3.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an In promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a promoted mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of acrylic acid comprising reacting propylene and oxygen (preferably in the form of air) in a reaction zone having a catalyst characterized by the following formula: AaBbCcCadFeeBifMo12Ox where A=one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs B=one or more of Mg, Sr, Mn, Ni, Co and Zn C=one or more of Ce, Cr, Al, Sb, P, Ge, Sn, Cu, V and W and a=0.01 to 1.0; b and e =1.0-10 c=0 to 5.0, preferably 0.05 to 5.0, especially preferred being 0.05 to 4.0 d and f=0.05 to 5.0, and x is a number determined by the valence requirements of the other elements present; at an elevated temperature to produce acrylic acid and acrolein.

Abstract: Lower hydrocarbons are converted to carboxylic acids and/or dehydrogenated hydrocarbon product by contacting a feed mixture containing lower hydrocarbons, oxygen source, diluent, and sulfur-containing compound, with a multifunctional, mixed metal catalyst at a temperature from about 150° C. up to about 400° C. The lower hydrocarbons include C2-C4, and the presence of sulfur compound in the feed mixture results in increased yield of carboxylic acid and/or dehydrogenated hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: The invention provides process for oxidative dehydrogenation of lower alkanes, by vapor phase oxidative dehydrogenation of C2-C5 lower alkanes in the presence of a catalyst and molecular oxygen to produce the corresponding olefins, in which the catalyst has a composition expressed by a general formula (1) below: A&agr;Sb&bgr;W&ggr;D&dgr;Ox   (1) in which A is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and chromium; Sb is antimony; W is tungsten; O is oxygen; and D is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, B, Tl, Sn, Pb, Te, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Ce and Sm; &agr;, &bgr;, &ggr;, &dgr; and x denote atomic numbers of A, Sb, W, D and O, respectively, where when &agr;=1, &bgr;=0.5-10, &ggr;=0.1-10 and &dgr;=0-3; and x is a numerical value determined by the state of oxidation of those elements other than oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the selective preparation of acetic acid from a gaseous feed comprising ethane, ethylene or mixtures thereof plus oxygen at elevated temperature, which comprises bringing the gaseous feed into contact with a catalyst comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen MoaPdbXcYd  (I) where the symbols X and Y have the following meanings: X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Te and/or W, in particular Nb, V and W; Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Cu, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, TI and U, in particular Ca, Sb, Te and Li. The present invention further provides a catalyst for the selective preparation of acetic acid comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in the gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen.

Abstract: Multimetal oxide materials containing molybdenum, vanadium, copper and one or more of the elements tungsten, niobium, tantalum, chromium and cerium and having a multiphase structure, and their use for the preparation of acrylic acid from acrolein by gas-phase catalytic oxidation, and oxometallates of the HT Cu molybdate structure type which contain Cu, Mo and at least one of the elements W, V, Nb and Ta.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation of an organic compound in an oxidation reactor, whose feed gas mixture comprises, apart from the organic compound to be partially oxidized and molecular oxygen as oxidant, at least one diluent gas which is essentially inert under the conditions of the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation, where the essentially inert diluent gas consists partly of combustible gases, after passage through the oxidation reactor, the combustible constituents of the inert diluent gas present in the product gas stream leaving the oxidation reactor are not recirculated to the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation, but are put to further use for the purposes of another chemical reaction.

Abstract: A method for producing acrylic acid from propylene at high efficiency by two-stage catalytic oxidation using a single fixed bed shell-and-tube heat exchanger type reactor is provided. The method comprises dividing the shell space of said reactor into an upper space and lower space with a partition plate, allowing a heating medium to circulate in each of the spaces substantially independently of each other, and carrying out the vapor phase oxidation under specific conditions. Said specific conditions including providing a first stage catalyst layer at lower portion of each of the reaction tubes, a second stage catalyst layer at upper portion thereof and an inert substance layer therebetween, and making void ratio of the inert substance layer 40-99.5%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a niobium(Nb)-containing aqueous solution for use in producing a Nb-containing oxide catalyst, wherein the oxide catalyst comprises an oxide of a plurality of active component elements including Nb and is for use in a catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of propane or isobutane in the gaseous phase, and wherein the oxide catalyst is prepared by a process comprising mixing the Nb-containing aqueous solution with (an) aqueous mixture(s) containing compounds of active component elements of the oxide catalyst other than Nb, to thereby provide an aqueous compound mixture, and drying the aqueous compound mixture, followed by calcination. The Nb-containing aqueous solution comprises water having dissolved therein a dicarboxylic acid, an Nb compound and optionally ammonia, wherein the dicarboxylic acid/Nb molar ratio (.alpha.) satisfies: 1.ltoreq.(.alpha.).ltoreq.4, and the ammonia/Nb molar ratio (.beta.) satisfies: 0.ltoreq.(.beta.).ltoreq.2.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated acid, obtained by loading a catalytically active component on a carrier and calcining the loaded catalyst, characterized by an average particle diameter of the catalyst of 4 to 16 mm, an average particle diameter of the carrier of 3 to 12 mm, a calcining temperature of 520 to 600.degree. C. and an amount of the catalytically active component loaded on the carrier of 5 to 80% by weight ?weight of the catalytically active component)/(weight of the catalytically active component+weight of the carrier+weight of a strength improver)!, and a process for producing unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated acid with the catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for preparing acrolein, acrylic acid or a mixture thereof from propane, propane is partially dehydrogenated to propylene in a first stage, the product gas mixture resulting therefrom is, after separating off hydrogen and water vapor, used as feed to an oxidation reactor, the propylene formed in the dehydrogenation is partially oxidized in the oxidation reactor using molecular oxygen in the presence of non-dehydrogenated propane as inert diluent gas to give acrolein, acrylic acid or a mixture thereof and the propane present in the product gas mixture of the partial oxidation is subsequently recirculated to the dehydrogenation stage A.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process for producing an unsaturated aldehyde and an unsaturated carboxylic acid which comprises subjecting propylene, isobutylene or tertiary butanol to gas phase catalytic oxidation with molecular oxygen in the presence of (i) a catalyst comprising composite oxide of the formula Mo.sub.a Bi.sub.b Fe.sub.c A.sub.d B.sub.e C.sub.f D.sub.g O.sub.x and (ii) a molybdenum oxide which in itself is substantially inert to the gas phase catalytic oxidation; a process for reusing the catalyst deteriorated due to the gas phase catalytic oxidation after mixing it with the molybdenum oxide; and a method of regenerating the deteriorated catalyst by mixing it with the molybdenum oxide.

Abstract: A process for the gas phase catalytic oxidation of a C.sub.3-6 alkane, alkanol, alkene or alkenal using as a catalyst multimetal oxide compositions of the formula I, [X.sup.1.sub.a X.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.x ].sub.p [X.sup.3.sub.c X.sup.4.sub.d X.sup.5.sub.e X.sup.6.sub.f X.sup.7.sub.g X.sup.2.sub.h O.sub.y ].sub.q, where X.sup.1 is bismuth, tellurium, antimony, tin and/or copper, X.sup.2 is molybdenum and/or tungsten, X.sup.3 is an alkali metal, thallium and/or samarium, X.sup.4 is an alkaline earth metal, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganose, zinc, tin, cadmium and/or mercury, X.sup.6 is iron, chromium, cerium and/or vanadium, X.sup.6 is phosphorus, arsenic, boron and/or antimony, X.sup.7 is a rare-earth metal, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, gold, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, geranium, lead, thorium and/or uranium, a is from 0.01 to 8, b is from 0.

Abstract: A method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic acid, which comprises subjecting an alkane to a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst containing a mixed metal oxide comprising, as essential components, Mo, V, Te, O and X wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium, platinum, antimony, bismuth, boron, indium and cerium, wherein the proportions of the respective essential components, based on the total amount of the essential components exclusive of oxygen, satisfy the following formulas:0.25<r.sub.Mo <0.980.003<r.sub.V <0.50.003<r.sub.Te <0.50.003<r.sub.X <0.5wherein r.sub.Mo, r.sub.V, r.sub.Te and r.sub.X are molar fractions of Mo, V, Te and X, respectively, based on the total amount of the essential components exclusive of oxygen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for oxidizing ethane to acetic acid which comprises feeding ethane and a recycle gas to a fluidized bed reaction zone containing fluidized particulate solid oxidation catalyst, feeding a molecular oxygen-containing gas separately from said ethane to said reaction zone so that said molecular oxygen-containing gas first mixes with the major portion of the combustible hydrocarbon feed gases within the fluidized bed, said process including the steps of (1) cooling the gaseous effluent from the reaction zone, (2) separating most of the acetic acid in liquid form from the effluent gases, leaving a gaseous stream containing nearly all of the carbon oxides contained in said effluent, (3) purging a small portion of said gaseous stream and recycling most of said gaseous stream as part of the feed to said reaction zone,wherein said purging serves to prevent build-up of carbon oxides in the reaction zone, and said recycling serves to maintain a high proportion of carbon oxides in said reaction zone

Abstract: Iron-antimony metallic oxide catalysts which have become deactivated after being used for the production of aldehydes, acids, nitriles, or dienes through oxidation, ammoxidation, or oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds in fluidized-bed reactors are regenerated by adding to the catalyst a molybdenum-enriched catalyst formed by supporting a molybdenum component which is volatile or capable of forming a volatile compound under reaction conditions on a metallic oxide catalyst. The metallic oxide catalysts contain as essential components (I) Fe, (II) Sb, (III) at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Mo and W, and (IV) Te.

Abstract: A process for improving the activity of tellurium containing metal oxide catalysts useful as catalysts for oxidation, ammoxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds by heating the catalysts together with an activity-improving agent to a temperature up to about 900.degree. C. in a gaseous atmosphere. The process can be effectively applied to deteriorated or spent catalysts, the activity of which has been deteriorated due to use for a long period of time.

Abstract: A process for producing methacrylic acid by vapor phase oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen or molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of isobutylene and/or tertiary butanol and in the presence of a catalyst having a heteropolyacid structure represented by the following general formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c X.sub.d O.sub.ewherein Mo, V, P, and O represent molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen respectively, X represents the coexistence of copper and aresenic and the a, b, c, d and e represent the atomic ratio of the elements where:a is 10,b is a number of 6 or less excluding 0,c is a number of 0.5 to 6,d is a number of 3 or less excluding 0, ande is a number determined depending on the valance and atomic ratio of the other elements.

Abstract: A 1,2-unsaturated carboxylic acid or its ester such as acrylic or methacrylic acid or its alkyl ester is purified to remove aldehyde impurities contained therein by treating the acid or its ester with a mercapto containing compound in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A process for conducting a combination of fixed and fluid-bed catalytic reactions is achieved by employing fixed-bed catalysts on supports within the fluid bed. The fluid-bed catalysts may move in both directions through the fixed bed, thereby giving advantages of both types of beds in one reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst for production of methacrylic acid, said catalyst being molded in a ring-like shape having an outside diameter of 3.0 to 10.0 mm, an inside diameter 0.1 to 0.7 times the outside diameter and a length 0.5 to 2.0 times the outside diameter, said catalyst comprising a catalytically active material having the composition represented by the following general formulaMo.sub.a P.sub.b A.sub.c B.sub.d C.sub.e D.sub.f O.sub.

Abstract: Iron-bismuth-molybdate catalysts further containing specific promoter elements have been found to exhibit excellent redox stability even under high stress conditions in the catalytic oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of unsaturated aldehydes is provided which is represented by the general formulaBi.sub.a W.sub.b Fe.sub.c Mo.sub.d A.sub.e B.sub.f C.sub.g D.sub.h O.sub.xwherein Bi represents bismuth, W represents tungsten, Fe represents iron, Mo represents molybdenum, O represents oxygen, A represents nickel and/or cobalt, B represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and thallium, C represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, boron, antimony, tin, cerium, lead and niobium, D presents at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, zirconium and titanium, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and x represent the atomic ratios of the individual elements, and when d is taken as 12, a=0.1-10.0, b=0.5-10.0 (provided that a/b=0.01-6.0), c=0.1-10.0, e=2.0-20.0, f=0.001-10.0, g=0-10.0, and h=0-30, and x takes a number determined by the atomic valences of the individual elements.

Abstract: Certain multiply promoted Sn/Sb oxides are superior catalysts for the ammoxidation of olefins to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, the selective oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids, and the oxydehydrogenation of olefins to diolefins.

Abstract: Mixed oxides of bismuth with other metals of the perovskite structure and having vacant lattice sites in the same lattice positions occupied by bismuth are disclosed as partial oxidation and ammoxidation catalysts. Such oxides are used as catalysts in the improved method of oxidizing an acyclic hydrocarbon of 1-10 carbons having at most one olefinic unsaturation by reacting the acyclic hydrocarbon in the vapor phase with oxygen in the presence of the solid catalyst to form products having carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: A method for preparing attrition resistant, high percentage active component catalysts comprises using two types of silica, one of which is fumed silica, in a two stage catalyst preparation.

Abstract: An improved process for the catalytic oxidation of propylene to acrylic acid the improvement comprising conducting the process in the presence of an effective amount of hydroquinone. The improved process is particularly applicable to the aqueous liquid phase reaction of propylene with molecular oxygen using a supported palladium catalyst.

Abstract: Bismuth molybdate catalysts formed from a precatalyst slurry which uses an organic liquid or mixture of an organic liquid and water as the liquid medium of the slurry exhibit superior catalytic properties.

Abstract: A novel catalyst comprising the elements Mo, V and Nb, and an oxidation process, is provided for oxidizing alpha-beta unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen to produce the corresponding alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A novel catalyst comprising the elements Mo, V and Ti, and an oxidation process, is provided for oxidizing alpha beta unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen to produce the corresponding alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A novel catalyst comprising the elements Mo, V and Ta, and an oxidation process, is provided for oxidizing alpha-beta unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen to produce the corresponding alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method for preparing acrylic acid by oxidation of acrolein over a new and improved catalyst providing conversions of acrolein of greater than 99% with yields of acrylic acid in excess of 95%. The catalyst consists essentially of the oxides of molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, copper and titanium and optionally silicon on an inert carrier. Catalysts useful in the process contain the elements previously mentioned in the atomic ratios ofMo.sub.15 V.sub.5-10 Cu.sub.2-5 Cr.sub.0.2-2 Ti.sub.

Abstract: The catalytic vapor phase oxidation of an olefin of 3 to 5 carbon atoms to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes with the formation of substantially no .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated acids is achieved by contacting the olefin, oxygen, an inert gas or moderator and optionally water with a catalyst at a temperature of from 300.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to achieve from 25 to 80% conversion of said olefin to said aldehyde, separating unreacted olefin and byproduct inert gas from the product stream and recycling the unreacted olefin and byproduct inert gas together with additional olefin and oxygen if required to react with said catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the activation of PMA based catalysts by treating the catalyst precursor with a nitrogen-containing compound such as an oxide of nitrogen gas or a nitrogen acid such as nitric or nitrous at a temperature of from about 125.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. The method can be employed in a reactor by loading the catalyst precursor, adjusting the reactor temperature to one suitable for activation and optionally sweeping the reactor with an inert gas followed by the treating step. The method herein permits faster, lower temperature catalyst activation than when air activation is employed giving higher oxidative conversion yields and prolonged catalyst life.

Abstract: Certain multiply promoted U-Sb-oxides are superior catalysts for the ammoxidation of olefins to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, the selective oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids, and the oxyde-hydrogenation of olefins to diolefins.

Abstract: Olefins, such as propylene, are allylically oxidized to corresponding unsaturated aldehydes and carboxylic acids, such as acrolein and acrylic acid, by contacting the olefin with molecular oxygen at allylic oxidation conditions in the presence of a trifluoroalkyl sulfonate or phosphonate catalyst, such as a catalyst formed by the reaction of vanadyl oxide and trifluoromethyl sulfonate.

Abstract: A method for preparing attrition resistant, high percentage active component catalysts comprises using two types of silica, one of which is fumed silica, in a two stage catalyst preparation.

Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids are scrubbed from gas phase mixtures of such acids and water by gas absorption techniques utilizing a liquid solvent comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol or a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether thereof. The solvent enriched with the acid is subjected to distillation to recover a substantially anhydrous acid product.

Abstract: Molybdenum - vanadium - oxygen oxidation catalyst for producing maleic anhydride from benzene is regenerated and stabilized by the addition of a compound of Mo, Ni, Co, Mn or U, preferably a volatile compound, to the catalyst, after a decline in activity.

Abstract: A vapor phase catalytic oxydehydrogenation process for the conversion of a steam of mixed isomeric isoamylenes, methyl butanols or mixtures thereof to isoprene with relatively short contact times at a reactor temperature in the range of 500.degree. F. to 1100.degree. F. at from 0.5 to about 10 atmospheres pressure. The catalysts comprise an alkali metal as an essential catalytic ingredient.