Abstract: Embodiments relate to polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”), polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) having a PCD table comprising such PCD, methods of fabricating such PCD and PDCs, and applications. In an embodiment, a method includes sintering diamond particles in the presence of a carbonate material to form PCD. The carbonate material includes at least one alkali metal carbonate. In an embodiment, PCD includes a plurality of bonded diamond grains defining a matrix. An interstitial constituent may be dispersed through the matrix. The interstitial constituent includes at least one alkali metal carbonate, at least one alkali metal oxide, or both. In an embodiment, a PDC includes a substrate bonded to a PCD table. The PCD table may be formed from any of the disclosed embodiments of PCD.

Abstract: A polyfluoroalkane carboxylic acid represented by the following general formula: CnF2n+1(CH2CF2)m(CF2CF2)l?1CF2COOM (M: an alkali metal, a NH4 group or H; n: an integer of 1 to 6; m: an integer of 1 to 4; and l: 1 or 2) can be produced by hydrolysis reaction of polyfluoroalkane carboxylic acid fluoride represented by the following general formula: CnF2n+1(CH2CF2)m(CF2CF2)l?1CF2COF, where its carboxylic acid salt can be formed as an alkali metal salt, or a NH4 salt. The polyfluoroalkane carboxylic acid (or its salt) can act as a surfactant having distinguished monomer emulsifiability and latex stability when used as an emulsifying agent or as a dispersing agent for polymerization reaction of fluorine-containing monomers, or as an effective surfactant capable of enhancing the micelles solubility of fluorine-containing monomers such as vinylidene fluoride, etc., when used as an emulsifying agent or a dispersing agent for homopolymerization or copolymerization reaction of vinylidene fluoride.

Abstract: Raney copper, which is doped (promoted) with an effective quantity of a doping (promoting) agent selected from the group boric acid, onium fluorides, salts of fluorine complex anions, and heteropoly acids, represents an outstanding oxidation catalyst for amine-group-containing primary amines to carboxylic acids.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of aspartic acid poly-condensate from a carbohydrate comprising the steps of: fermenting a carbohydrate-containing medium by means of a fumaric acid-producing microorganism, whereby a fumarate-containing fermentation liquor is formed; forming a purified ammonium fumarate solution from the fumarate-containing fermentation liquor; enzymatically converting the purified ammonium fumarate into purified ammonium aspartate; heating an aqueous solution of an aspartate salt derived from the purified ammonium aspartate whereby water is removed, an aspartic acid condensate is formed and a second product is formed, which second product is basic and contains the cation of the aspartate salt; and removing and using the basic second product as a reagent in another step of the process.

Abstract: A process for the liquid-phase carbonylation of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIII metal or compound thereof, a phosphine ligand an a source of anions, and in the presence of a source of hydroxyl groups, is carried out in conditions in which the molar ratio of ethylene to carbon monoxide in the gaseous phase of the reactor is greater than 1:1. The higher ratios of ethylene to carbon monoxide are beneficial in increasing the turnover number of the catalyst system.

Abstract: A cationic dyeability modifier for incorporation into polyesters and polyamides to increase their affinity for basic dyes, said cationic dyeability modifier having the following formula: R1OOC—(CH2)n—CH(CH2CH2SO3X)—(CH2)m—COOR2 where n is an integer from 1 to 10, m is an integer from 1 to 10, X is an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium, and R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups having one to four carbon atoms is disclosed. Basic dyeable copolyesters and copolyamides containing the cationic dyeability modifier incorporated into the polymer chain of the copolymer are also disclosed. A process for preparing a basic dyeable copolyester by combining poly(alkylene terephthalate)-forming monomers or polyoxyalkylene glycol oligomers with the cationic dyeability modifier, and mixing and heating at a temperature sufficient to cause copolymerization to form a copolyester is also disclosed.

Abstract: The compounds of the Formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.18-24 alkenyl containing at least two double bonds, or --(CH2)n --CH(NH2)m --COOHX is 0, NH or C.sub.1-4 alkyl-N,Y is CONH.sub.2, COOH or COOMe, wherein Me is hydrogen metal, andR.sub.2 is a side chain of a any amino acid except L-GLU or L-ASP at .alpha.-position or a group of Formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.k --C.sub.6 H.sub.3 --(A).sub.2 (II),--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --X--M (III)whereink is zero or an integer of 1,n is zero or an integer of 1 to 3,m is zero or an integer of 1 to 4,A is hydroxyl or one A is hydroxyl and the other A is hydrogen.M is H or R.sub.1 --CO andX and R.sub.1 are as defined aboveand their salts having tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity can be used as antitumor agents.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns:(a) Compounds having the molecular structure represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is selected from the group consisting of --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --NH.sub.4, --Na, --K and combinations thereof; R is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl radical (branched or straight chain) containing up to about C.sub.20, --CH(CO.sub.2 M).sub.2, and --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 M, and R' is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl radical (branched or straight chain) containing up to about C.sub.20, --H, and --OR;(b) a method for making the compounds of (a);(c) solid and liquid detergent compositions comprising compounds of (a), and(d) washing processes employing the compounds of (a) and/or the compositions of (c).