Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of creatine or creatine monohydrate, wherein cyanamide is reacted with sodium or potassium sarcosinate in water or in a mixture of water and en organic solvent at a temperature of from 20 to 150.degree. C. and a pH value of from 7.0 to 14.0.By means of the process according to the present invention, creatine or creatine monohydrate can be prepared in good yields of from 60 to 90% by weight and with very high purity.

Abstract: This invention relates to thrombin inhibiting compounds having the Formula IX--Y--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --G Iwhere X, Y, r and G have the values defined in the description, as well as pharmaceutical formulations containing those compounds and methods of their use as thrombin inhibitors, coagulation inhibitors, and thromboembolic disorder agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to thrombin inhibiting compounds having the Formula IX--Y--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --G Iwhere X, Y, r and G have the values defined in the description, as well as pharmaceutical formulations containing those compounds and methods of their use as thrombin inhibitors, coagulation inhibitors, and thromboembolic disorder agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to thrombin inhibiting compounds having the Formula IX--Y--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.r --G Iwhere X, Y, r and G have the values defined in the description, as well as pharmaceutical formulations containing those compounds and methods of their use as thrombin inhibitors, coagulation inhibitors, and thromboembolic disorder agents.

Abstract: Urea-containing hydroxyethylamine compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: This invention relates to Novel .alpha.-aminoacid and .alpha.

Abstract: Disclosed are water-insoluble, calcium or magnesium salts of alpha amino acids and a process for their preparation. The process comprises the steps of reacting an alpha-amino-protected alkyl ester of an amino acid with a metal base, thereby forming a water-soluble amino acid salt, followed by reacting the water-soluble salt with either a calcium or magnesium salt, resulting in the formation of a water-insoluble salt of the amino acid. The water-insoluble salts can be used as feed supplements for ruminant animals and to supplement food products for human consumption.

Abstract: Urea-containing hydroxyethylamine peptide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: Urea-containing hydroxyethylamine peptide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: Urea-containing hydroxyethylamine compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV Protease.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel ureas and urethanes of Formula I: ##STR1## which stimulate cytokine production and may be used to accelerate recovery from neutropenia accompanying radio- or chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or infections. Compounds in the invention or pharmaceutical compositions employing these compounds may be useful in the treatment of cancer, AIDS, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and infectious diseases, and in the enhancement of immune response.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a cyclopropylmethyl derivative as a protecting group for compounds containing an amino group, carboxy group, amido group, mercapto group or hydroxy group and to the compounds formed having the cyclopropylmethyl moiety as the protecting group.

Abstract: A method of inhibition of cellular and molecular level biological interactions which are dependent on RGD interactions is disclosed. The method comprises administering a compound of the formula IH.sub.2 N--C(.dbd.NH)--NH--CH.sub.2 --A--CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 H (I)and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A is a chain of 9 atoms selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein each of x, n and m is at least 1; in chains (i) and (ii) n is at most 6; in chains (iii) and (iv) the sum of x+n+m is 5; and the sum of n+m is 4 in chain (v) and 3 in chain (vi).

Abstract: A composition comprising a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X is H or OH;Y is a group capable of hydrogen bonding to amino, guanidino, or imidazole function, or a group comprising an acidic hydrogen atom, a protected acidic group, or an anion;E is N or CR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is H, OH, CN, F, Cl, Br, or I;A.sub.4, A.sub.5, and A.sub.6 are each independently N, CH, CR.sub.40 or CZ wherein R.sub.40 is R.sub.43, OR.sub.43, SR.sub.43, S(O)R.sub.43, S(O).sub.2 R.sub.43, or NR.sub.43 R.sub.44 wherein R.sub.43 comprises an alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an acyl of 2 to 3 carbon atoms, or an alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted with an acyl of 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and R.sub.44 is H or an alkyl of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and Z is a group capable of hydrogen bonding to carboxyl, or a group comprising a basic heteroatom, a protected basic heteroatom, or a cation.

Abstract: This invention relates to analogs of peptidase substrates in which the amide group containing the scissile amide bond of the substrate peptide has been replaced by an activated electrophilic ketone moiety. These analogs of the peptidase substrates provide specific enzyme inhibitors for a variety of proteases, the inhibition of which will have useful physiological consequences in a variety of disease states.

Abstract: Novel complexes of nitric oxide (NO) and amines are described where the amine is a known cardiovascular agent having at least one or more primary or secondary amino groups and whereby the resulting complex is capable under physiological conditions of releasing in vivo dual active ingredients, the NO and the known cardiovascular agent. The complexes are used for treating cardiovascular diseases and for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of restenosis.

Abstract: Urea-containing hydroxyethylamine peptide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: Inhibitors of nitric oxide formation from arginine useful for treating hypotension, inflammation, stroke and to restore vascular contractile sensitivity to the effects of .alpha..sub.1 adrenergic agonists are physiologically active compounds including N.sup..delta. -substituted ornithine or N.sup..epsilon. -substituted lysine moieties or monoalkyl carbon-substituted N.sup..delta. -substituted ornithine or N.sup..epsilon. -substituted lysine moieties, having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is (CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3 or H, R' is CH.sub.2 or C(H)(CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3, and R" is CH.sub.2 or C(H)(CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3, with y ranging from 0 to 5, and x is 0 or 1 and wherein none or only one of R, R' and R" provides an alkyl substituent on ornithine or lysine moiety, and wherein Q is a heme binding moiety and/or a sulfur-containing binding moiety and Q' is --NH.sub.2 when there is a double bond between the omega carbon and Q and Q' is .dbd.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for minimizing and containing injury caused when tissue is subject to ischemia and reperfusion. The method comprises administering certain derivatized tripeptide arginal compounds concurent with, or immediately after, reestablishing blood flow to the ischemic tissue. The method is particularly useful for minimizing and containing damage to the heart during evolving myocardial infarction.

Abstract: Guanidino substituted arginines or homoarginines based on monoalkyl carbon-substituted ornithines or lysines, having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is (CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3 or H, R' is CH.sub.2 or C(H)(CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3, and R" is CH.sub.2 or C(H)(CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3, with y ranging from 0 to 5, and x is 0 or 1 and Q is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or NH.sub.2 or NO.sub.2, and only one of R, R' and R" providing an alkyl substituent on the ornithine or lysine moiety. Preferred compounds are .alpha.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -methyl-DL-arginine, RS-.beta.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -methyl-DL-arginine, RS-.gamma.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -methyl-DL-arginine, .alpha.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -amino-DL-arginine, RS-.beta.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -amino-DL-arginine, RS-.gamma.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -amino-DL-arginine, .alpha.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -nitro-DL-arginine, RS-.beta.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -nitro-DL-arginine, and RS-.gamma.-methyl-N.sup..omega. -nitro-DL-arginine.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched (C.sub.1 C.sub.6) alkyl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, a pyridyl radical or a thienyl radical, or, with the carbon atom to which they are attached, a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.4 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl ring,R.sub.3 representsa substituted or unsubstituted phenylsulfonyl radical,a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl radical,an alkylaminocarbonyl radical,or a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) acyl radical,R.sub.4 represents any one of the radicals:--CH.dbd.CH--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --CO.sub.2 H or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2)p--CO.sub.2 Hin which p is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3, n and m, which may be identical or different, represent 0, 1 or 2,their isomers, enantiomers, diastereoisomers and epimers as well as their addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base.

Abstract: Inhibitors of nitric oxide formation from arginine useful for treating hypotension, inflammation, stroke and to restore vascular contractile sensitivity to the effects of .alpha..sub.1 adrenergic agonists are physiologically active compounds including N.sup..delta. -substituted ornithine or N.sup..epsilon. -substituted lysine moieties or monoalkyl carbon-substituted N.sup..delta. -substituted ornithine or N.sup..epsilon. -substituted lysine moieties, having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is (CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3 or H, R' is CH.sub.2 or C(H) (CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3, and R" is CH.sub.2 or C(H) (CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3, with y ranging from 0 to 5, and x is 0 or 1 and wherein none or only one of R, R' and R" provides an alkyl substituent on ornithine or lysine moiety, and wherein Q is a heme binding moiety and/or a sulfur-containing binding moiety and Q' is --NH.sub.2 when there is a double bond between the omega carbon and Q and Q' is .dbd.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing O-substituted oxime compounds, which includes (a) reacting an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide compound and a solution of an oxime compound to form a first mixture including the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of the oxime compound and water; and (b) adding an organohalide compound while stirring to the first mixture to form a second mixture including an O-substituted oxime compound, the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of the oxime compound, water, unreacted organohalide compound and excess oxime compound. The second mixture is heated in the presence of an amount of water sufficient to react hydroxide with the unreacted organohalide compound to obtain an O-substituted oxime compound substantially free of unreacted organohalide compound.In a further embodiment, the O-substituted oxime compound can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding O-substituted hydroxylamine.

Abstract: Reagents suitable for synthesis of peptide analogs using automated peptide synthesis and procedures for synthesis of peptide analogs are provided.

Abstract: The invention comprises compositions and methods for the treatment of psoriasis.

Abstract: Non-peptidic RXD analogues are provided that inhibit biological cellular and molecular interactions which are dependent on RXD recognition, wherein X is one of the amino acid residues G, E, Y, A or F. In particular, RGD surrogates are provided having no sequence of .alpha.-natural amino acids and comprising a guanidino and a carboxyl terminal groups spaced by a chain of 11 atoms, at least 5 of which are carbon atoms. The compounds inhibit cell adhesion and are useful for the treatment of several pathological disorders, e.g., thrombosis, autoimmune diseases, metastasis, allergy, host-graft reactions and inhibition of scar tissue formation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of calcium salts of hydantoic acids and which comprises the steps of reacting a hydantoin with a calcium base material such as calcium hydroxide in an aqueous medium at a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient period of time to form the calcium salt of the corresponding hydantoic acid and then separating the calcium salt of such acid from the reaction mass. This separation can include the further steps of cooling the reaction mass down to facilitate the precipitation of the acid/salt crystals and then separating the precipitate by means of filtering or centrifugating. These acids can then be subjected to a HNO.sub.2 -mediated decarbamoylation process followed by an optical resolution step to thus provide high yields of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine which is a key synthetic immediate or building block for semi-synthetic penicillin and cephalosporins.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel peptide and pseudopeptide derivatives and analogs of aspartic acid which are useful as inhibitors of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in mammalian blood, to pharmaceutical compositions including such compounds, and to their use in inhibiting thrombus formation and platelet aggregation in mammals.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel ureas and urethanes of Formula I: ##STR1## which stimulate cytokine production and may be used to accelerate recovery from neutropenia accompanying radio- or chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or infections. Compounds in the invention or pharmaceutical compositions employing these compounds may be useful in the treatment of cancer, AIDS, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and infectious diseases, and in the enhancement of immune response.

Abstract: Guanidino substituted arginines or homoarginines based on monoalkyl carbon-substituted ornithines or lysines, having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is (CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3 or H, R' is CH.sub.2 or C(H)(CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3, and R" is CH.sub.2 or C(H)(CH.sub.2).sub.y CH.sub.3, with y ranging from 0 to 5, and x is 0 or 1 and Q is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or NH.sub.2 or NO.sub.2, and only one of R, R' and R" providing an alkyl substituent on the ornithine or lysine moiety. PreThis invention was made at least in part with Government support under Grant DK 37116 from National Institutes of Health.

Abstract: A compound useful in the synthesis of peptides containing arginine, and including a guanidine group and an unsubstituted tetraphenylborate ion, and having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a hydrogen atom, an amino acid group which is linked by a peptide bond and which may be substituted, a peptide radical which is linked by a peptide bond and which may be substituted, or an aliphatic or aromatic radical effective as a protecting group or an activating group, and wherein Y is an hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an amino group, an amino acid group which is linked by a peptide bond and which may be substituted, a peptide radical which is linked by a peptide bond and which may be substituted, or an aliphatic or aromatic radical effective as a protecting group or an activating group.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel diaminoalkanoic acid derivatives that inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in mammalian blood thereby being useful in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis associated with disease states such as myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation, to pharmaceutical compositions including such compounds, and to their use in inhibiting thrombus formation and platelet aggregation in mammals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting nonenzymatic cross-linking (protein aging) which contain 2-alkylidene aminoguanidines and derivatives thereof. Accordingly, a composition is disclosed which comprises an agent capable of inhibiting the formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts of target proteins by reacting with the carbonyl moiety of the early glycosylation product of such target proteins formed by their initial glycosylation. The method comprises contacting the target protein with the composition. Both industrial and therapeutic applications for the invention are envisioned, as food spoilage and animal protein aging can be treated.

Abstract: A 1,3,2-dioxathiolane oxide derivative is represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents --S(O)-- or --S(O).sub.2 --;R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, a benzyl group, or a lower alkyl group;R.sup.2 represents a lower alkyl group which may be substituted with a methylthio group, or a benzyl group, andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be the same or different and independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having one to ten carbon atoms, a lower alkyl group substituted with a guanidyl group, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, or a phenethyl group, or together form an alkylene group.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of .alpha.- halomethyl, .alpha.-acetylenic or .alpha.-allenic derivatives of arginine and agmatine, or their dehydro analogs, in the treatment of Chagas disease and Coccidiosis.

Abstract: This invention pertains to amino acids attached to a solid support in a racemization free manner and to a method of covalently linking amino acids to solid supports for use in solid phase peptide syntheses.

Abstract: Peptides which include unnatural amino acides and which either inhibit or promote the secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland and inhibit the release of steroids by the gonads. Administration of an effective amount of such peptides that are GnRH antagonists prevents ovulation of female mammalian eggs and/or the release of steroids by the gonads. The antagonists may be used to treat steroid-dependent tumors, such as prostatic and mammary tumors. The peptides are analogs of the decapeptide GnRH wherein there is at least one residue of an unnatural amino acid in the 3-position, the 5-position, the 6-position and/or the 8-position. Such unnatural amino acids are useful in the synthesis of peptides and have the formula U*: ##STR1## where n is an integer from 1 to 6; Y is N--CN, N--CONHR.sub.9, S, O or CH--NO.sub.2 ; R.sub.9 is H, Ac, lower alkyl, aromatic or heterocyclic; X is NH, O, S, M.sub.1 (CH.sub.q).sub.p M.sub.2 or M.sub.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.p' --M.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.p" --M.sub.3, where M.sub.

Abstract: A new process for preparing oxalyl- and oxamyl-hydrazides which comprises contacting oxamide or diacetyloxamide with the corresponding hydrazine derivative of formulaR.sub.1 R.sub.2 N--NHR.sub.3wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aryl-alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom represent a saturated heterocyclic ring, and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group.

Abstract: Novel chemical compounds are provided which selectively inhibit the metabolism of dipeptidase (E.C.3.4.13.11) and therefore are useful in combination with antibacterial products. These chemical compounds are z-2-acylamino-3-monosubstituted propenoates.

Abstract: Novel spergualin-related compounds represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5 -- or a phenylene group which may be substituted; m represents 0, 1 or 2; n represents 1 or 2; and R.sub.1 represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-3 --COOH, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof, possess an immunopotentiating activity, and are expected to be useful as immunopotentiators applicable to warm blooded animals.

Abstract: Physiologically active N.sup.6 -(hydrazinoiminomethyl)lysine or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof is administered in a nitric oxide sythesis inhibiting amount to a subject in need of such inhibition (e.g., a subject with low blood pressure, e.g., due to sepsis or to therapeutic administration of cytokines, or needing immunosuppressive effect) or is added to a medium containing isolated organs, intact cells, cell homogenates or tissue homogenates in an amount sufficient to inhibit nitric oxide formation to elucide or control the biosynthesis, metabolism or physiological role of nitric oxide. Compared to known nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors, N.sup.6 -(hydrazinoiminomethyl)lysine and its acid addition salts show a greater relative activity toward inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase than toward constitutive isoform of nitric oxide synthase. N.sup.6 -(hydrazinoiminomethyl)lysine and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are substantially less toxic than are N.sup.

Abstract: 4-Halogeno-2-alkoxyimino-3-oxo fatty acid can be produced by one-pot and one-step by reacting a halogenating agent with a 2-alkoxyimino-3-oxo fatty acid ester in an ether solvent or a mixed solvent of an ether solvent and an inert organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene, etc.

Abstract: Acylamino carboxylic acid derivatives corresponding to the formula I ##STR1## in which the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 represent functional groups specified in the claims. The acylamino carboxylic acid derivatives have valuable pharmacological properties which, in particular, favorably influence nitrogen metabolism. The compounds are useful as active ingredients in pharmaceutical and/or dietetic compositions for treatment or prevention of nitrogen metabolism disturbances in large mammals caused, for example, by liver or kidney damage.

Abstract: A method of preparing a hexaalkylguanidinium salt comprising contacting tetraalkylguanidine with an alkylating agent in the presence of at least one alkaline reagent, and optionally, a promoting amount of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A method of separating nonpaline derivatives from their diastereoisomers is disclosed along with a method of selectively growing strains of the bacterium A. tumefaciens. Also disclosed are novel general methods of synthesizing the nopaline and isonopaline of this invention. These novel compounds are useful for the selective growth of the agriculturally useful A. tumefaciens bacterium.

Abstract: There are disclosed 2-aminopentanoic acid compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is as defined in the specification, their optical isomers, their pharmacologically acceptable salts and their use as an immunosuppressant.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically pure physiologically active N.sup.G -aminoarginine (i.e., the L or D,L form) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a nitric oxide synthesis inhibiting amount to a subject in need of such inhibition (e.g. a subject with low blood pressure or needing immunosuppressive effect) or is added to a medium containing isolated organs, intact cells, cell homogenates or tissue homogenates in an amount sufficient to inhibit nitric oxide formation to elucide or control the biosynthesis, metabolism or physiological role of nitric oxide.N.sup.G -amino-L-arginine is prepared and isolated as a pharmaceutically pure compound by reducing N.sup.G -nitro-L-arginine, converting L-arginine by-product to L-ornithine with arginase and separating N.sup.G -amino-L-arginine from the L-ornithine. N.sup.G -amino-D,L-arginine is prepared in similar fashion starting with N.sup.G -nitro-D,L-arginine.

Abstract: New peptide derivatives .beta.-chloro-L-(Z)-dehydroglutamic acid are described which display antibacterial activity.

Abstract: A new process of synthesis of optically active .alpha.-amino acids is described through nitrosation in a non-aqueous, aprotic system of the corresponding N-carbamyl derivatives followed by decomposition of the thus obtained N-nitroso derivatives in aqueous acidic medium. The process, which is of a general applicability, leads to a remarkable increase in the reaction yields, due to the suppression of the main side reaction leading to the corresponding .alpha.-hydroxy-acid. Some N-nitroso intermediates, which can be recovered from the process of the invention, are also described.

Abstract: A new process for preparing oxalyl- and oxamyl-hydrazides which comprises contacting oxamide or diacetyloxamide with the corresponding hydrazine derivative of formulaR.sub.1 R.sub.2 N--NHR.sub.3wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aryl-alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom represent a saturated heterocyclic ring, and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group.