Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds and methods for inhibiting or degrading the N-terminal domain of the androgen receptor, as well as methods for treating cancers such as prostate cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to IL-17A binding peptides, inhibitors of the interaction of IL-17A with the receptor IL-17RA, and to bioconjugates, dimers, pharmaceutical compositions and medical use thereof.

Abstract: A metal-ion battery includes: 1) an anode including a metal; 2) a cathode; and 3) an ionic liquid electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte corresponds to a mixture of a metal halide and an organic compound.

Abstract: This document describes a process for the high purity and high concentration recovery of monovalent products via continuous ion exchange from aqueous solution for further down-stream purification.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for extracting materials from biological material, which process is characterized in that the naturally occurring biological material is treated with an extractant consisting of a deep eutectic solvent of natural origin or a an ionic liquid of natural origin to produce a biological extract of natural origin dissolved in the said solvent or ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a pregabalin intermediate 3-carbamoymethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid without solvent. The method comprises the following steps: a) cooling an ammonia water system to a certain temperature; b) adding 3-isobutylglutaric anhydride dropwise to the system, then keeping temperature, and reacting; c) after completing the reaction, adding an acid to the system to adjust pH; d) after adjusting pH, cooling, then keeping temperature, crystallizing, then suction filtering and drying; and e) adding a solvent to the dried substance, slurrying, and suction filtering and drying to obtain the final product. The method provided in the present invention for preparing 3-carbamoymethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid is high-yield, green, environmentally-friendly, simple and convenient, and of less pollution.

Abstract: A method for forming a polyarylene sulfide is provided. The method comprises supplying a waste composition to a vessel, the waste composition containing arylene sulfide byproducts, such as an arylene sulfide oligomer, cyclic polyarylene sulfide, and/or fine polyarylene sulfide particles. The arylene sulfide byproducts are heated to a temperature of from about 260° C. to about 285° C. in the presence of a sulfur reactant, thereby forming a high molecular weight polyarylene sulfide having a number average molecular weight of about 2,000 Daltons or more.

Abstract: Glycine is an organic compound that can be used in the making of a synthetic acid that obviates all the drawbacks of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. The new compound is made by dissolving glycine in water, in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5. The solution is mixed until the glycine is essentially fully dissolved in the water Once dissolution is complete, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in the solution to produce the new compound, which can be referred to as hydrogen glycine. Also disclosed is a method for adjusting the pH of a fluid, the method comprising adding an effective amount of a solution to the fluid for adjusting the pH thereof to a desired level wherein the solution is prepared by mixing glycine in water to form a glycine solution; and adding hydrogen chloride to the glycine solution.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for extracting materials from biological material, which process is characterized in that the naturally occurring biological material is treated with an extractant consisting of a deep eutectic solvent of natural origin or a an ionic liquid of natural origin to produce a biological extract of natural origin dissolved in the said solvent or ionic liquid.

Abstract: Glycine is an organic compound that can be used in the making of a synthetic acid that obviates all the drawbacks of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. The new compound is made by dissolving glycine in water, in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5. The solution is mixed until the glycine is essentially fully dissolved in the water. Once dissolution is complete, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in the solution to produce the new compound, which can be referred to as hydrogen glycine. A method of solubilizing calcium carbonate in an aqueous suspension or dispersion includes adding to the aqueous suspension or dispersion an effective amount of a solution of hydrogen glycine sufficient to solubilize the aqueous suspension or dispersion of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to easily and efficiently produce an amino acid having 2 to 7 carbon atoms as a high-purity solid without complicated operation, which is useful as a synthetic intermediate for medicines or agrochemicals. The present invention is characterized in comprising a step of precipitating solid amino acid with high purity. In the present invention, the by-produced salt composed of the sulfonic acid and the amine was removed to the mother liquor by reacting an amine with a sulfonic acid salt of amino acid in an aprotic polar solvent, or by reacting a sulfonic acid with an amine salt of amino acid in an aprotic polar solvent. The sulfonic acid salt of amino acid, for example, may be produced by reacting a N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino acid with a sulfonic acid, or by reacting an amino acid tert-butyl ester with a sulfonic acid.

Abstract: The present invention concerns 2-amino-3-methyl-hex-5-enoic acid, its use for the production of peptides such as bacitracins and a method for producing it.

Abstract: Improved processes for making an N-acyl amino acid salt from a fatty alkyl ester or a polyol ester are disclosed. Each process uses a polyol selected from glycerin or propylene glycol in an amount effective to keep the reaction mixture fluid until conversion to the N-acyl amino acid salt reaches the desired level of completion. In one process, a fatty alkyl ester reacts with an amino acid salt in the presence of glycerin or propylene glycol to produce an N-acyl amino acid salt. In another process, a polyol ester reacts with the amino acid salt in the presence of added glycerin or propylene glycol to produce the N-acyl amino acid salt. We surprisingly found that an effective amount of glycerin or propylene glycol minimizes or eliminates reaction mixture solidification or foaming, reduces color, and minimizes the level of di- and tripeptide by-products. In a related process, water is added when conversion of the amino acid salt to the N-acyl amino acid salt is in the range of 50 to 90 mole %.

Abstract: N-alkyl, N-alkenyl, N-cycloalkyl, N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids with an alkyl chain ranging from 6 to 18 carbons, or alkenyl chain from 8 to 30 carbons, are obtained from a reaction process in the absence of solvent at a temperature range from 30 to 180° C. and a time of 1 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure. Formulations composed of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids, polyethers derived from propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or copolymer thereof and a solvent consisting of aromatic compounds such as toluene or xylene, diesel or gasoline or alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol, or mixtures thereof, are obtained inhibit ferrous metal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks and transport crude oil and liquid fuels. A method inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metals adds an effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor to a petroleum based material such as crude oil and liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel.

Abstract: N-alkyl, N-alkenyl, N-cycloalkyl, N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids with an alkyl chain ranging from 6 to 18 carbons, or alkenyl chain from 8 to 30 carbons, are obtained from a reaction process in the absence of solvent at a temperature range from 30 to 180° C. and a time of 1 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure. Formulations composed of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids, polyethers derived from propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or copolymer thereof and a solvent consisting of aromatic compounds such as toluene or xylene, diesel or gasoline or alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol, or mixtures thereof, are obtained inhibit ferrous metal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks and transport crude oil and liquid fuels. A method inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metals adds an effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor to a petroleum based material such as crude oil and liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel.

Abstract: Whilst methodologies for the Kinetic Resolution of alcohols are well established, no analogous direct methods exist for the highly selective, direct catalytic Kinetic Resolution of thiols (i.e., R—SH). The present invention relates to a method for resolving stereoisomeric mixtures of thiols. In particular, the present invention relates to purely organocatalytic mediated resolution of enantiomeric mixtures of thiols without the need for enzymes. Also disclosed are some novel catalysts. Such catalysts may comprise a cinchona alkaloid-derived moiety.

Abstract: A flavour composition comprising a compound according to the formula (I) or edible salts thereof, wherein R1 is an alkyl residue containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkene residue containing from 9 to 25 carbon atoms with 1 to 6 double bonds, R1 together with the carbonyl group to which it is attached is a residue of a carboxylic acid, and NR2R3, in which R3 is H or together with R2 and the N-atom to which they are attached, a 5-membered ring, is a residue of an amino acid, in particular a proteinogenic amino acid, ornithine, gamma-aminobutyric acid or beta alanine, or a 1-amino cycloalkyl carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A flavour composition comprising a compound according to the formula (I) and edible salts thereof, wherein R1 is an alkyl residue containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkene residue containing from 9 to 25 carbon atoms with 1 to 6 double bonds, R1 together with the carbonyl group to which it is attached is a residue of a carboxylic acid, and m is 0 or 1.

Abstract: To provide an anti-cancer agent sensitivity determination marker, which marker can determine whether or not the patient has a therapeutic response to the anti-cancer agent, and novel cancer therapeutic means employing the marker. The anti-cancer agent sensitivity determination marker, the anti-cancer agent including oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof, contains one or more substances selected from among an amino-acid-metabolism-related substance, a nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance, a substance in the pentose phosphate pathway, a substance in the glycolytic pathway, a substance in the TCA cycle, a polyamine-metabolism-related substance, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 6-phosphogluconic acid, butyric acid, triethanolamine, 1-methylnicotinamide, NADH, NAD+, and a substance involved in the metabolism of any of these substances.

Abstract: The invention provides antimicrobial compounds and compositions, and methods of using them. The compounds and compositions include, for example, a compound of any one of Formulas I-X. The invention further provides methods of preparing the compounds, and useful intermediates for their preparation. The compounds can possess highly specific and selective activity, such as antibacterial activity and/or enzymatic inhibitory activity. Accordingly, the compounds and compositions can be used to treat bacterial infections, or to inhibit or kill bacteria, either in vitro or in vivo.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of gamma amino acids of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and prodrugs thereof, and to intermediates used for their preparation. (formula I) wherein R1 is selected from an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group and a cycloalkyl group, each of which may be optionally substituted and * denotes a chiral centre. In particular, the present invention provides an efficient synthesis of (S)-pregabalin which is suitable for carrying out on an industrial scale.

Abstract: A non-crystalline amorphism of oxidized glutathione is produced by drying a crystal of oxidized glutathione hexahydrate at a temperature of 40 to 90° C.

Abstract: Provided herein is a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a methanol metabolic pathway that can enhance the availability of reducing equivalents in the presence of methanol. Such reducing equivalents can be used to increase the product yield of organic compounds produced by the microbial organism, such as adipate, 6-aminocaproate, hexamethylenediamine or caprolactam. Also provided herein are methods for using such an organism to produce adipate, 6-aminocaproate, hexamethylenediamine or caprolactam.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a ?-amino acid compound having formula HOOC—R?—CH2NH2, where R is an alkyl radical including between 6 and 15 carbon atoms or an alkylene radical including between 6 and 15 carbon atoms and between 0 and 2 unsaturations. The method including the following steps: 1) hydroformylation of an unsaturated fatty nitrile selected from compounds having formula R1—CH?CH—[(CH2)q—CH?CH]m—(CH2)r—CN, said step consisting in reacting the nitrile with the carbon monoxide and dihydrogen such as to obtain at least one fatty nitrile aldehyde having formula HOC—R?—CN; 2) dioxygen oxidation, wherein the nitrile aldehyde obtained in step 1) is converted into fatty nitrile acid having formula HOOC—R?—CN; and 3) reduction, in which the nitrile acid obtained in step 2) is converted into co-amino acid having formula HOOC—R?—CH2NH2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing (+)-polyoxamic acid and a novel intermediate compound synthesized during preparation thereof. The preparation method according to the present invention allows preparation of (+)-polyoxamic acid with high optical purity in high yield. In particular, the preparation method is useful for mass production because the process is simple.

Abstract: Glycine is an organic compound that can be used in the making of a synthetic acid that obviates all the drawbacks of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. The new compound is made by dissolving glycine in water, in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5. The solution is mixed until the glycine is essentially fully dissolved in the water. Once dissolution is complete, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in the solution to produce the new compound, which can be referred to as hydrogen glycine.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to improved process for preparation of (R)(?)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid (R-CMHA) of the formula (II) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the presence of a lewis acid, process for preparation of pregabalin using R-CMHA of the formula (II) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts prepared according to the present invention and process for preparation of pregabalin with low amount of undesired impurity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making 6-aminocaproic acid as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The method comprises: performing a hydrolysis procedure to have ?-caprolactam react with acid or base to generate a first reaction mixture, performing a modification procedure to have a solubility regulating agent reacts with 6-aminocaproic acid in the first reaction mixture to form a second reaction mixture including an aminocaproic acid intermediate, performing a separation procedure to have the intermediate separated from the second reaction mixture and performing a hydrogenation procedure to have the aminocaproic acid intermediate hydrogenated to form a 6-aminocaproic acid product.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to protecting cells, tissues and organs against the damaging effects of ionizing or other damaging agents associated with radiation or chemotherapy, or degenerative diseases or processes of various organs that elicit the production of free radicals or oxidants such as peroxides, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals or nitric oxides, or heavy metal cations. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with methoxypolyethylene glycol chelate methyl esters that are useful as protectors against tissue damage by penetrating the cell membrane to donate electrons to free radical oxidants and remove heavy metals that may react with peroxides to produce the reactive hydroxyl radical, or remove Ca++ that may be released from organelles. These chelate esters will also have utility in reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of L-carnitine tartrate, wherein the L-carnitine tartrate is precipitated from a reaction mixture comprising L-carnitine and tartaric acid dissolved in ethanol, the ethanol having a water content of less than 5% (w/w).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to high protein dietary supplements for treating various symptoms and diseases associated with protein deficiency including weight gain, obesity, catabolic diseases, fibromyalgia, anxiety reactions, posttraumatic stress and chronic fatigue syndrome. Embodiments of dietary supplements comprise combinations of proteins, essential and semi-essential amino acids including L-Lysine, L-Arginine, and/or L-Histidine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for continuously preparing a betaine aqueous solution, including the reaction of an amine with an ?-halocarboxylic acid, in the presence of water and a base. Said method is characterized in that it is carried out in a device consisting of at least two consecutive reactors (R1) and (R2), the reactor (R2) being a tubular reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the crystal structures of dolastatin 16, dolamethylleuine and dolaphenvaline. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing dolamethylleuine and dolaphenvaline. The present invention further relates to computer readable medium with crystal structural data and/or information stored thereon.

Abstract: Compositions, dietary supplement compositions, and topical compositions including activated fatty acids and methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation treats Friedreich's ataxia and treats or prevents pathologies related thereto. In particular, the pharaceutical preparation concerns the use of diazoxide or 7-chloro-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4 benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, in combination with glucose and/or leucine, for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and for the treatment or prevention of pathologies related thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metformin glycinate salt and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The method includes administration of the metformin glycinate salt by various routes selected from oral, intravenous injectable, intramuscular injectable, nasal, intraperitoneal, or sublingual, in order to achieve a reduction in blood glucose levels. The invention further relates to the synthesis of a new 1,1-dimethylbiguanide glycinate salt, called Metformin Glycinate. The resulting salt exhibits advantages over other metformin salts. These advantages are due, in the first place, to the fact that the glycine counterion exhibits hypoglycemic effects by itself. Moreover, the salt exhibits more rapid absorption, reaching higher plasma concentrations than those produced with metformin hydrochloride.

Abstract: A marker can determine whether or not a patient has a therapeutic response to an anti-cancer agent. A novel cancer therapy employs the marker. The marker can be N-acetylglucosamine, an amino-acid-metabolism-related substance, a nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance, a substance in the pentose phosphate pathway, a substance in the glycolytic pathway, a substance in the TCA cycle, a polyamine-metabolism-related substance, lauric acid, 6-phosphogluconic acid, butyric acid, 4-methylpyrazole, isobutylamine, glycolic acid, NADH, NAD+, or a substance involved in the metabolism of any of these substances.

Abstract: Use of an isolated peptide comprising an amino acid sequence being no more than 25 amino acids in length, the amino acid sequence comprising at least one aspartate or a homolog thereof, the peptide having an Insulin-Degrading Enzyme (IDE) inhibitory activity, for the manufacture of a medicament identified for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, retinal damage, renal failure, nerve damage, microvascular damage and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is disclosed.

Abstract: A composition, a kit, and a method of isolating a vesicle from a sample using a compound comprising zwitterion moieties, which may be used to analyze vesicles, and proteins, glycoprotein, lipids, or nucleic acids thereof.

Abstract: Amino acid compositions containing a carbohydrate and any one or more kinds of alanine, proline and glycine as amino acid can suppress a rapid increase in the blood glucose level immediately after ingestion and a decrease in the blood glucose level due to prolonged exercise, and can improve exercise performance. In addition, the present invention provides inhibitors of an increase in the blood glucose level immediately after carbohydrate ingestion, an inhibitor of a decrease in the blood glucose level due to a prolonged exercise, and an exercise performance improver. Therefore, the present invention provides an energy supplement useful for those who exercise (particularly prolonged exercise).

Abstract: Salts of 3-carboxy-N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-aminium, method of preparation thereof and use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid bed adsorptive separation of organic acid and/or amino acids from fermentation broths containing organic acid and/or amino acid.

Abstract: It is described the use of L-carnitine and/or one or more alkanoyl L-carnitines, or mixture thereof, or one of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, for the preparation of a medicament or a nutritional supplement useful for preventing or treating the Leber optic neuropathy.

Abstract: Chiral selectors having ?-unsubstituted ?-amino acid derivatives of the structure: a stationary phase for separating substance mixtures containing the chiral selector, and processes for separating mixtures of chiral substances, including enantiomers, and especially enantiomers of substances selected from ?-amino acids and derivatives thereof, ?-amino acids and ?-hydroxy acids are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making 6-aminocaproic acid as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The method comprises: performing a hydrolysis procedure to have ?-caprolactam react with acid or base to generate a first reaction mixture, performing a modification procedure to have a solubility regulating agent reacts with 6-aminocaproic acid in the first reaction mixture to form a second reaction mixture including an aminocaproic acid intermediate, performing a separation procedure to have the intermediate separated from the second reaction mixture and performing a hydrogenation procedure to have the aminocaproic acid intermediate hydrogenated to form a 6-aminocaproic acid product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the synthesis of amino acids/esters of general formula NH2—(CH2)n—COOR in which n is an integer between 5 and 14, and R is either H or an alkyl radical including from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, from natural long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids or esters including at least 10 adjacent carbon atoms per molecule, said method comprising: first converting, if necessary, said natural long-chain fatty acid or ester into a monounsaturated fatty acid/ester of general formula R1—(CH2)m—CH?CH—(CH2)p—COOR in which R1 is H, CH3 or a COOR radical, m is an integer between 0 and 14 and p is an integer between 2 and 11, then submitting the latter to a crossed catalytic metathesis reaction with a compound of formula R2—CH?CH—R3 in which R2 is either H or CN and R3 is CN or CH2NH2, provided that if R2 is CN, R3 can be only CN, and finally converting the resulting product of the general formula R3—CH?CH—(CH2)p—COOR into an amino-acid, either by hydrogenation, or by hydrogenation of the triple t

Abstract: The present invention includes compound compositions and methods of making compounds that include an oligo-benzamide compound having at least two optionally substituted benzamides.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in the respective 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid. The method can include culturing a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam or hexametheylenediamine producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount to produce the respective product, under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of (R)-(?)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid, in particular, the resolution of the acid racemate by means of salification with optically active amines and subsequent acidification to give the (R) enantiomer of the acid; this invention also concerns the salt intermediates formed with said amines and the conversion of said (R)-(?)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid into biologically active molecules such as pregabalin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for separating an amide from an amino acid ionic liquid. The method includes the step of providing a polar solvent and an extracting agent to the amino acid ionic liquid, so as to separate the amide from the amino acid ionic liquid. In the method of the present invention, there is no need to add ammonium for neutralization, such that no byproduct, ammonium sulfate, is formed. In addition, after the amide is separated from the amino acid ionic liquid, the amino acid ionic liquid can be recycled.