Abstract: A monitoring test for recurrent breast cancer with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity is provided that detects the presence of a panel of multiplicity of biomarkers that were identified using metabolite profiling methods. The test is capable of detecting breast cancer recurrence about a years earlier than current available monitoring diagnostic tests. The panel of biomarkers is identified using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) to produce the metabolite profiles of serum samples. The NMR and GC×GC-MS data are analyzed by multivariate statistical methods to compare identified metabolite signals between samples from patients with recurrence of breast cancer and those from patients having no evidence of disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing N-protected amino acid. Specifically, the present invention provides a method in which a protecting group is introduced to the amino group of an amino acid in a reaction under alkaline condition, and the N-protected amino acid thus generated is then separated from the reaction solution as crystals, without undergoing an extraction step or a concentration step. The present inventors have completed the invention based on the finding that desirable crystals of N-protected amino acids may be obtained without extraction, concentration or recrystallization steps between the initial generation of the N-protected amino acid molecules and the subsequent separation of the crystals, by first adding an water-soluble organic solvent and optionally water to the reaction solution (alkaline) containing the N-protected amino acid, and then neutralizing the solution by an acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to octahydro-binaphthol derivatives, which can recognize amino acids and amino alcohols enantioselectively and transform L-amino acids into D-amino acids and optically resolve amino acids or amino alcohol with high efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing modified stable polypeptides introducing at least one non-natural amino acid into the hydrophobic region of the polypeptide. The thermal and chemical stability of such polypeptides is improved compared to those properties of its corresponding wild type proteins. The invention further provides purified leucine zipper and coiled-coil proteins in which the leucine residues have been replaced with 5,5,5-trifluoroleucines, and the modified proteins so produced demonstrate increased thermal and chemical stability compared to their corresponding wild-type natural proteins.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes for the preparation of N-acylated amines. In particular, the processes comprise contacting an amine with an acid comprising a carboxylic acid group to form the N-acylated amine.

Abstract: Disclosed is an agent for use in the treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Also disclosed is an agent for inhibiting the production of TNF-?. A therapeutic or prophylactic agent for inflammatory bowel disease comprising at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, cystine and threonine, the amino acid being administered at a dose of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day; and a TNF-? production inhibitor comprising an amino acid selected from the group consisting of histidine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, the amino acid being administered at a dose of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating muscle loss in an individual. In one embodiment, the invention includes administering to an individual an effective amount of a branched chain amino acid (BCAA), a BCAA precursor, a BCAA metabolite, a BCAA-rich protein, a protein manipulated to enrich the BCAA content or any combination thereof. The invention further provides nutritional products for such administration, including orally-administrable nutritional products.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are substituted fluoromethanes; pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the same; processes for preparing these fluoromethanes; and methods of using the same in alleviating infection and parasitism. Also disclosed are methods for identifying substituted fluoromethanes for modulating the activity of receptors and enzymes that bind and/or modify phosphate containing ligands and substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed are ionic liquids and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture.

Abstract: Provided are methods of detecting the presence or amount of a dihydroxyvitamin D metabolite in a sample using mass spectrometry. The methods generally comprise associating an amine with a dihydroxyvitamin D metabolite in a sample, ionizing the adduct, and detecting the amount of the ion to determine the presence or amount of the vitamin D metabolite in the sample.

Abstract: An absorption medium for removing acid gases from a fluid stream comprises an aqueous solution of a) of at least one metal salt of an aminocarboxylic acid, and b) of at least one acid promoter, wherein the molar ratio of b) to a) is in the range from 0.0005 to 1.0. The acid promoter is selected from mineral acids, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, organic phosphonic acids and partial esters thereof. The absorption medium, compared with absorption media based on amino acid salts, has a reduced regeneration energy requirement without significantly reducing the absorption capacity of the solution for acid gases. In a process for removing acid gases from the fluid stream, the fluid stream is brought into contact with the absorption medium.

Abstract: The present invention concerns 2-amino-3-methyl-hex-5-enoic acid, its use for the production of peptides such as bacitracins and a method for producing it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to betaine or a composition comprising the same for accelerating liver regeneration, more particularly, a therapeutic pharmaceutical composition comprising betaine represented by formula 1 as an active ingredient for promoting the recovery of injured or resected liver to the normal liver. The most effective treatment for chronic liver disease, particularly in the terminal stage, is hepatectomy and liver transplantation. In Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT) that has been increasing since 1990, rapid regeneration of liver tissues is essential for both donor and recipient to inhibit complications and thus for the success of the treatment. Betaine accelerates the recovery and growth of injured liver to the normal liver, so that it can be effectively used for the successful LDLT or therapeutic hepatectomy.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of heterogeneous catalysis, and more particularly to catalysts including carbon supports having compositions which comprise one or more transition metals in combination with nitrogen and/or carbon formed on or over the surface of the carbon support. The present invention also relates to catalyst combinations comprising catalysts including carbon supports having compositions which comprise one or more transition metals in combination with nitrogen and/or carbon formed on or over the surface of a carbon support and a secondary catalyst or, co-catalyst, including a secondary transition metal. The invention further relates to the field of catalytic oxidation reactions, including the preparation of secondary amines by the catalytic oxidation of tertiary amines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): wherein said process comprises hydrogenation of a compound of formula (II); under alkaline conditions, wherein R represents hydrogen or a labile group capable of being converted to hydrogen. The invention also relates to intermediates used in said process, to the use of said intermediates in the preparation of pregabalin and to a process for resolving racemic compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: Microspheres are produced by contacting a solution of a macromolecule or small molecule in a solvent with an antisolvent and a counterion, and chilling the solution. The microspheres are useful for preparing pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetic products and the like of defined dimensions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optically active quarternary ammonium salt having axial asymmetry and a method for producing an ?-amino acid and a derivative thereof using the same. The optically active quarternary ammonium salt having axial asymmetry of the present invention is a chiral phase-transfer catalyst that has a simple structure and that can be produced in a smaller number of process steps. The compound of the present invention is very useful as a phase-transfer catalyst in the synthesis of an ?-alkyl-?-amino acid and a derivative thereof as well as an ?,?-dialkyl-?-amino acid and a derivative thereof. Therefore, the compound of the present invention can be used in the development of novel foods and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: This invention enables synthesis of proteins that were difficult to synthesize via a conventional cell-free protein synthesis system and increases the amount of proteins synthesized. Cell-free protein synthesis is carried out in a solution for cell-free protein synthesis containing a certain compound, such as trimethylglycine, L-carnitine, or sarcosine.

Abstract: Hydrophilic N-acylamino acid, N-acyl dipeptide, and N-acyl tripeptide substituted silanes are prepared which can be utilized as reactive surface treatments for particles of pigments, minerals, and fillers. These treated particles form stable dispersions in the aqueous phase of oil-in-water mixtures that are suitable for cosmetic applications. The treated particles may also be used in pressed powder and color cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: Compositions which modulate mitochondrial functions treat diseases associated with cells that are hyperactively using their endoplasmic reticulum. Screening assays identify agents which modulate mitochondrial functions.

Abstract: Protein structural determination using NMR techniques is improved through use of proteins in which one or more amino acids in the peptidic sequence are isotopically enriched in the sidechain with 2H and are isotopically enriched on the backbone with 13C, 15N, 2H or any combination thereof. This invention provides amino acids isotopically enriched as above, which can be used to synthesize isotopically labeled proteins and peptides for protein structural determinations by NMR, and methods for their synthesis. Other embodiments of the invention include peptidic molecules, media for peptidic molecule expression, methods of making isotopically labeled peptidic molecules and methods of determining structural information of a peptidic molecule.

Abstract: Salts of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines with phytic acid of general formula (I), and the process of preparing the same, wherein the mole ratio between the L-carnitine or its alkanoyl derivatives cation and phytic acid anion be within the range of 1:1 to 6:1, wherein: n=1-6; R1 is the phytate anion; R is either hydrogen, a straight alkanoyl group having 2-12 carbon atoms or a branched-chain alkanoyl group having 2-12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of compounds of the Formula (I) for treating different types of acute and chronic pain, especially non neuropathic inflammatory pain in mammals. The pain to be treated may be e.g. chronic inflammatory pain, rheumatoid arthritis pain and/or secondary inflammatory osteoarthritic pain. The compounds show an antinociceptive profile and differ from classical analgesics like opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and are useful as specific analgesics.

Abstract: A composition and method demulsify a produced emulsion from anionic surfactants and polymer (SP) and alkali, surfactants, and polymer (ASP). The produced emulsion is demulsified into oil and water. In one embodiment, the composition includes a surfactant. The surfactant comprises a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, or any combinations thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and pharmacologically acceptable salts and pro-drugs thereof wherein: Ar1 and Ar2 are aryl or heteroaryl; a is 0 to 5; R1 is alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, nitro, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulphonyl, alkylsulphonylamino or cyano and, where a is greater than 1, each substituent R1 may be the same or different; b is 0 to 5; R2 is alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, nitro, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulphonyl, alkylsulphonylamino or cyano and where b is greater than 1, each substituent R2 may be the same or different; V is selected from the group consisting of (CR3aR3b)pCON(R3b)X and (CR3aR3b)pN(R3b)CO(X), wherein said groups are in the 3- (meta) or 4- (para) position with respect to the substituent Z; W is selected from the group consisting of NR4a, O, S, S?O, SO2 and C(R4aR4b)2; X is hydroge

Abstract: The invention is to pH tuneable amido-gellant that are suitable for use in consumer product compositions.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of improving mood and learning capacity in a mammal by giving the mammal a meal of low protein food, followed by a second meal of high glycemic index carbohydrate. A composition to be given to a mammal to improve mood and learning capacity and to reduce aggressive behavior contains at least one tyrosine uptake competitive amino acid in a ratio of 0.5% to 2% to protein. The tyrosine competitive amino acid preferred is leucine, isoleucine or valine.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for producing an optically active ?-amino acid derivative, comprising steps of reacting an ?-haloester derivative represented by the general formula (1): of which alcohol part of the ester group is an optically active alcohol derivative, with an amine compound; then deprotecting the obtained compound; further carrying out an ester exchange reaction. According to the present invention method, it is possible to easily produce an optically active ?-amino acid ester derivative which is useful as an intermediate for drugs with high selectivity.

Abstract: A method is provided for the parallel identification of one or more metabolite species within a biological sample. The method comprises analyzing the sample to produce a spectrum containing individual spectral peaks representative of the one or more metabolite species contained within the sample; subjecting each of the individual spectral peaks to a statistical pattern recognition analysis to identify the one or more metabolite species contained within the sample; and identifying the one or more metabolite species contained within the sample by analyzing the individual spectral peaks of the spectra.

Abstract: Problem: An object of the present invention is to quantitate with good accuracy, furthermore, quantitate absolutely, one or a plurality of biological molecules in a sample such as a tissue, a biological fluid, a cell, a cell organ or protein complex. Solution: By adding a metabolically isotope labeled biological molecule as an internal standard substance and measuring with a mass spectrometer, quantitating with good accuracy one or a plurality of target molecules in a sample has become possible. In addition, by performing waveform separation processing during mass analysis, a highly accurate quantitative analysis method of mass analysis is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) method for producing hyperpolarised amino acids and amino sulphonic acids and compositions for use in the method. As a sample, an ammonium salt of an amino acid, an ammonium salt of an aminosulphonic acid, a carboxylate salt of an amino acid, a sulphonate salt of an aminosulphonic acid or mixtures thereof is used.

Abstract: Provided are a marker for determining sensitivity to an anticancer agent capable of distinguishing a therapeutic response of an individual patient and a novel means for a cancer therapy using the marker. The marker for determining sensitivity to an anticancer agent contains a substance in a metabolic pathway in which L-phenylalanine and/or N,N-dimethyl glycine are/is involved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for efficiently and highly selectively producing L-2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-butanoic acid, which is useful as a herbicide, through a catalytic asymmetric synthesis reaction. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing L-2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-butanoic acid which is characterized in that a dehydroamino acid is subjected to an asymmetric hydrogenation by using a rhodium catalyst represented by the formula (2) below and having an optically active cyclic phosphine ligand, and then the resulting product is subjected to hydrolysis: [Rh(R4)(L)]X??(2) [where R4 represents 1,5-cyclooctadien or norbornadien; L represents a substance represented by the following formula (6): (wherein R5 and R8 respectively represent a C1-4 alkyl group; R6 and R7 respectively represent hydrogen atom or hydroxyl group; and Y represents a group selected from groups represented by the following formula (7): (where Me represents methyl group)).].

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula for treating obsessive compulsive neurosis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for use in the prevention of a hypoglycemic condition, which comprises at least one compound selected from a branched amino acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a derivative of the amino acid or salt as an active ingredient. The composition can promote the uptake of a saccharide into a brain cell to thereby prevent a hypoglycemic condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the non-therapeutic treatment of pigs for the purpose of reducing the conversion ratio of the feed used to raise the pigs and/or for increasing the growth rate of the pigs. The treatment comprises orally administering at least one glycine compound to the pigs, which glycine compound corresponds to the following formula (I) or to a salt or an ester thereof: wherein R1 and R2 are independently an alkyl, an alkenyl or a hydroxyalkyl radical containing 1 to 18, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms or wherein R1 and R2 form jointly together with the N atom a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring. The glycine compound is preferably N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG).

Abstract: A wrinkle-preventing and -improving composition comprising one or more than one compound selected from the group consisting of ?-amino acid derivatives represented by the following general formula (1) and salts thereof: wherein, R1 represents hydrogen atom, CH3 group or CH2OH group, R2 and R3 each independently represent hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, provided that R2 and R3 cannot be hydrogen atom at the same time, or R2 and R3 together with N atom to which they are bound may form a ring structure having a total carbon number of 4 to 6, in which case said ring structure may optionally contain an oxygen atom as a heteroatom, R4 represents hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbons, wherein when R1 and R4 are hydrogen atom, it cannot be that one of R2 and R3 is benzyloxycarbonyl group and the other is hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A novel method of an amidocarbonylation reaction among an aldehyde compound, an amide compound, and carbon monoxide, which comprises using a palladium-supporting crosslinked-polymer composition containing palladium clusters having a major-axis length of 20 nm or shorter to conduct the amidocarbonylation reaction. Thus, an N-acyl-?-amino acid can be more efficiently and selectively synthesized in a dean reaction system. Also provided is a catalyst for use in the method.

Abstract: Hyperbranched polymers and methods for preparing the same are disclosed. The polymers are obtained based on monomers synthesized via reacting a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic anhydride with a bifunctional amine.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a novel method for the allylation of N-acylhydrazones by which enantioselectively allylated N-acylhydrazines can be efficiently obtained. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A method for the production of enantioselectively allylated N-acylhydrazines represented by the general formula [3]: [wherein R0 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or —COOR1 (wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group); R2 is acyl; R3 and R4 are each hydrogen, or one of R3 and R4 is hydrogen and the other is a hydrocarbon group; and R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group], characterized by reacting an N-acylhydrazone represented by the general formula [1]: [wherein R0 and R2 are as defined above] with an allylating agent such as allyltrichlorosilane or crotyltrichlorosilane in the presence of a chiral phosphine oxide.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optically active quarternary ammonium salt having axial asymmetry and a method for producing an ?-amino acid and a derivative thereof using the same. The optically active quarternary ammonium salt having axial asymmetry of the present invention is a chiral phase-transfer catalyst that has a simple structure and that can be produced in a smaller number of process steps. The compound of the present invention is very useful as a phase-transfer catalyst in the synthesis of an ?-alkyl-?-amino acid and a derivative thereof as well as an ?,?-dialkyl-?-amino acid and a derivative thereof. Therefore, the compound of the present invention can be used in the development of novel foods and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A process for purifying CO2 offgas streams to free them of chemical compounds, and to the recycling of the purified gas streams into the production process.

Abstract: Raney copper which is doped with at least one metal from the group comprising iron and/or noble metals is used as a catalyst in the dehydrogenation of alcohols.

Abstract: Conjugates of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) compound or a glycine compound and an analgesic drug are disclosed. Further disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing these conjugates and uses thereof in the treatment of CNS-associated diseases or disorders, optionally in combination with a psychotropic drug.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sequence for the preparation of amino acids, for example alpha amino acids, in particular methionine, by making use of an amidocarbonylation reaction and reuse of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides an orally-administrable nutritional product comprising a dipeptide including a branched chain amino acid (BCAA). In one embodiment, the nutritional product comprises a dipeptide selected from at least one of the following: alanyl-leucine, alanyl-isoleucine, alanyl-valine, glycyl-leucine, glycyl-isoleucine, and glycyl-valine.

Abstract: An Amino Acid Compound is described. The Amino Acid Compound may comprise an Amino Acid and one of a Nitrate and a Nitrite. The Amino Acid may be one of Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Lysine, Methionine, Proline, Tyrosine, and Phenylalanine.

Abstract: An Amino Acid Compound is described. The Amino Acid Compound may comprise an Amino Acid and one of a Nitrate and a Nitrite. The Amino Acid may be one of Agmatine, Arginine, Beta Alanine, Citrulline, Creatine, Glutamine, L-Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Norvaline, Ornithine, and Valine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptide-mimetic compounds, the synthesis and use thereof fort he inhibition of proteasomes and the induction of apoptosis in tumour cells. The present invention furthermore relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and the use of the compounds for a treatment of diseases, in particular cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Salts of mineral nutrients stabilized with amino acids and/or ammonium salt, product and food supplement in which they are included and procedures of obtention, where the salts are obtained with anions of organic acids or inorganic anions and metallic cations associated with amino acids and/or ammonium salt, in which the invention introduces its general structure: {[Ac]n?·Men+?n[Amino acid and/or ammonium salt]}·xH2O Where ? represents a covalent dative bond, These new compounds have better taste and more solubility in water, making them more bioavailable.