Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering sugar, sugar alcohol and organic acids comprising citric, malic and quinic acids from a juice extracted from almond hulls. Residues from the extraction is also recovered.

Abstract: For the preparation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaric acid a process is disclosed based on the direct oxidation with nitric acid of 3-methyl-1,3,5-pentanetriol.

Abstract: A process for the separation of one or more hydroxy paraffinic dicarboxylic acids from a feed mixture comprising said acid(s), and one or more olefinic dicarboxylic acids which process employs an adsorbent comprising a non-zeolitic, hydrophobic, crystalline silica molecular sieve material, to selectively reject the hydroxy paraffinic dicarboxylic acid(s) to a raffinate stream for the ultimate recovery of a purified quantity of such acid(s). The olefinic dicarboxylic acid(s) are thereafter removed from the adsorbent by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material and said acid(s) is (are) recovered to an extract stream. In a preferred embodiment the process uses a silicalite adsorbent, aqueous acetone desorbent and a simulated moving-bed countercurrent flow system utilizing therein a pre-pulse technique.

Abstract: A phenylalanine derivative having the formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen provided that both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not hydrogen at the same time;C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl which may be substituted with hydroxy, hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylmercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, pyridyl, or phenyl which may further be substituted with nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or halogen;C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl which may be substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, hydroxylcarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;phenyl which may be substituted with halogen, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy C.sub.1 C.sub.4 alkylmercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, amidino, pyridylcarbonyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which may further be substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: L-malic acid is separated by means of electrodialysis from reaction mixtures derived from biotechnical conversion of fumarate into L-malate. Fumaric acid present in the acid concentrate from the dialysis is separated from L-malic acid without precipitation reactions using stepwise crystallization. Crystallized L-malic acid is produced in high purity and large yield. The alkali concentrate obtained during electrodialysis is recycled back into the biotechnical conversion. The process operates without appreciable losses of valuable materials and is very economical.

Abstract: A process of preparing chiral alcohols by the asymmetric catalytic hydrogenolysis of epoxides using rhodium or ruthenium catalysts containing chiral phosphine ligands.

Abstract: 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acids of 12-18 carbon atoms are produced microbiologically from n-alkanes employing the yeast mutant Candida tropicalis DSM 3152.

Abstract: Novel compounds and compositions which inhibit SRS--A in mammals are disclosed. Methods for preparing said compounds and compositions and methods for their use for treating allergic reactions, inflammation and for reducing the severity of myocardial infarction resulting from heart attack are disclosed.Useful intermediates for preparing said compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The reaction mixture obtained in the enzymatic reaction of fumaric acid to form L-malic acid contains the L-malic acid and unreacted fumaric acid as their salts. To recover pure solutions of L-malic acid the reaction mixture is treated at 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. with cation exchangers. The eluate after concentration to 30 to 80 weight % content of L-malic acid is filtered. The pure L-malic acid is recovered by evaporating the solutions, in a given case after treatment with activated carbon.

Abstract: A process for the production of a substituted alpha, beta dicarboxylic acid compound substantially free of tar and other resinous reaction byproducts comprising the reaction at conditions favoring the ENE reaction of an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon and an ethylenically unsaturated alpha, beta dicarboxylic acid compound in the presence of a boron compound.

Abstract: A mixture of trialkyl phosphine oxides (HTRPO) was prepared having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are same or different alkyl groups of 5 to 9 carbon atoms and the total number of carbon atoms and the total number of carbon atoms per molecule is from 15 to 27. The mixture of trialkyl phosphine oxides (HTRPO) is useful as an extractant for recovering acids from aqueous solutions.

Abstract: There is described a process for preparing alkyl esters of methyltartronic acid by hydroxylation of methacrylic acid to alpha-methylglyceric acid with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, in an aqueous medium, in the presence of H.sub.2 WO.sub.4 and optionally of H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 or H.sub.3 AsO.sub.4 or alkaline salts thereof as catalysts, at pH<2 and at temperatures of from 50.degree. to 100.degree. C., by subsequent oxidation of alpha-methylglyceric acid to methyltartronic acid with HNO.sub.3 in excess or with O.sub.2, in an aqueous-alkaline medium, in the presence of Pd or Pt carried on carbon or oxides thereof as catalysts, at temperatures of 60.degree.-100.degree. C., and final esterification of methyltartronic acid with alcohols C.sub.1 -C.sub.4.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds has been found to be effective in blocking cholesterol and neutral lipid synthesis in-vivo without adversely affecting energy metabolism, useful for the treatment of obesity, hyperlipidemia and maturity-onset diabetes. The active compounds have the general formula ##STR1## or in-vivo hydrolyzable functional derivatives of the carboxylic groups thereof,whereinR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl or hetercyclyl radical;X and Y each independently represents hydrogen, optionally substituted lower alkyl, halogen, cyano, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl; andQ represents a diradical consisting of a linear chain of 8 to 14 carbon atoms, one or more of which may be replaced by heteroatoms, said chain being optionally substituted by inert substituents and one or more of said carbon or heteratom chain members optionally forming part of a ring structure.

Abstract: A novel resolution method of a racemic mixture, wherein four kinds of salts are dissolved in a resolving solvent to fractionally crystallize a desired optically active isomer through an exchange reaction between counter ions.

Abstract: Polycarboxylates such as disodium diglycolate can form peroxyhydrates becoming a solid source of hydrogen peroxide. Upon dissolution in water, these poly(carboxylates and/or sulfonates) both form a chelant and hydrogen peroxide. This combination is particularly useful to form aqueous cleaning solutions for use in cleaning laundry, dishes and the like.

Abstract: Perfluoropolyether oligomers or block polymers, having a backbone with one or a plurality of perfluoropolyether segments each consisting essentially of (1) at least one perfluoroisopropyleneoxy unit, (2) a bis(perfluoromethyleneoxy-terminated) unit, and (3) a perfluoroethylidene unit terminating each segment, the backbone of the perfluoropolyether being terminated with COF and/or a functional or nonfunctional derivative thereof, said perfluoropolyethers being made by reacting a perfluoroaliphatic diacid fluoride with hexafluoropropylene epoxide to produce an acid fluoride-terminated perfluoropolyether adduct or oligomer which then can be photopolymerized to yield an acid fluoride-terminated perfluoropolyether block polymer. These oligomers and block polymers are useful as high temperature lubricants, hydraulic fluids, gaskets, adhesives and coatings as well as co-reactants wtih urethane in forming propellant binders.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I are described which are useful to inhibit the formation of serum cholesterol by virtue of their ability to inhibit .beta.-hydroxy-.beta.-methylglutaryl-CoA(HMG CoA), the rate-controlling substance in the synthesis of serum cholesterol.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preventing or reducing the degradation of elastin and other proteins and thereby preventing or retarding the disease states caused by said degradation by administering compounds of the formula: ##STR1## or their pharmacologically acceptable salts.

Abstract: .beta.-Hydroxy-.beta.-methylglutaric acid is prepared by treating 3-methyl-1,3,5-pentanetriol in aqueous media with a permanganate salt.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for producing alkanediols by the hydrolytic reduction of hydrolytically reducible furans. The improvement comprises utilizing a supported ruthenium catalyst, and trihaloacetic acid or a mixture thereof as a promoter for the hydrolytic reduction. The hydrolytic reduction is conducted in an aqueous medium at elevated temperatures and elevated pressures.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for producing alkanediols by the hydrolytic reduction of hydrolytically reducible furans. The improvement comprises utilizing a supported nickel catalyst, and trihaloacetic acid, preferably trifluoracetic acid or trichloroacetic acid or a mixture thereof as a promoter for the hydrolytic reduction. The hydrolytic reduction is conducted in an aqueous medium at elevated temperatures and elevated pressures.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-glutaric acid of the formula ##STR1## comprising reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, formyloxy, halogen and acyloxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms with at least two equivalents of a compound of the formulaX--CH.sub.2 --COOR.sub.1 IIIwherein X is an alkali metal and R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR3## and subjecting the latter to saponification or optionally catalytic thermal decomposition to obtain 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-glutaric acid and a novel intermediate.

Abstract: This invention relates to .beta.-Alkyl-.beta.-Hydroxy Glutaric acid .differential. ester derivatives which are useful as anti-hyperlipoproteinemia agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chlorocitric acids of the formula ##STR1## and stereoisomers, optical antipodes and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to methods of preparation thereof, including intermediates involved therein, and to their use as anorectic agents for the treatment of obesity in mammals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chlorocitric acids of the formula ##STR1## and stereoisomers, optical antipodes and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to methods of preparation thereof, including intermediates involved therein, and to their use as anorectic agents for the treatment of obesity in mammals.

Abstract: Organic acids, such as citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid, can be extracted from aqueous solutions thereof by contacting such solutions with a mixture of a water immiscible amine and a water immiscible organic acid dissolved in a suitable water immiscible solvent.

Abstract: New homopolymerizable or copolymerizable 3,3-disubstituted furan dione compounds are described of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a reactive moiety and Y and R are unreactive moieties.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyethers having an an average molecule weight of 3000 to 5000 and having a propylene oxide proportion of 60 to 80% and an ethylene oxide proportion of 20 to 40%. Also included in the invention are compositions containing said polyethers and methods for the use of said polyethers and compositions, particularly for their anti-lipidaemic effect.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein describes a process of making a solution of tartronic acid. The tartronic acid solution was produced by a controlled oxidation reaction employing potassium permanganate, and one of several starting materials.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a novel process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds may be converted into the acid or salt forms of cis and trans aconitic acids as well as into a racemic mixture of isocitric acid, alloisocitric acid and the lactones of isocitric acid and alloisocitric acid and their salts. All of the acid and salt forms produced are useful as metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. The novel polyfunctional compounds can also be saponified to their corresponding alkali metal salts which, in turn, are also metal ion sequestering agents and detergent builders. The polyfunctional compounds are the reaction products obtained from the reaction of selected salts of monoalkyl esters of maleic acid with selected active hydrogen containing compounds.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a novel process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds may be converted into the acid or salt forms of cis and trans aconitic acids as well as into a racemic mixture of isocitric acid, alloisocitric acid and the lactones of isocitric acid and alloisocitric acid and their salts. All of the acid and salt forms produced are useful as metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. The novel polyfunctional compounds can also be saponified to their corresponding alkali metal salts which, in turn, are also metal ion sequestering agents and detergent builders. The polyfunctional compounds are the reaction products obtained from the reaction of selected salts of monoalkyl esters of maleic acid with selected active hydrogen containing compounds.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds and their alkali metal salts are useful metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. Selected compounds are also intermediates useful in the syntheses of aconitic acid as well as isocitric and alloisocitric acids and their lactones. The novel polyfunctional compounds are obtained from the reaction of maleic anhydride with selected active methylene or methane containing compounds.

Abstract: The reaction of a polyfluorocarbonyl compound such as a polyfluoroketone or polyfluorocarboxylic acid fluoride with fluoride ion and a polyfluoroallyl chloride, bromide or fluorosulfate produces a polyfluoroallyloxy carboxylic acid or ester, e.g., CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFCF.sub.2 OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 COOH. The polyfluoroallyloxy compounds copolymerize with ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene or vinylidene fluoride to form polymers which are moldable, and in some cases electrically conducting or are water-wettable and dyeable.

Abstract: Disclosed is the title compound having the structural formula: ##STR1## This compound in which M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium, has utility as a chelating agent which exhibits stability constants with various metal ions which are intermediate between those of EDTA and citric acid.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a novel process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds may be converted into the acid or salt forms of cis and trans aconitic acids as well as into a racemic mixture of isocitric acid, alloisocitric acid and the lactones of isocitric acid and alloisocitric acid and their salts. All of the acid and salt forms produced are useful as metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. The novel polyfunctional compounds can also be saponified to their corresponding alkali metal salts which, in turn, are also metal ion sequestering agents and detergent builders. The polyfunctional compounds are the reaction products obtained from the reaction of selected salts of monoalkyl esters of maleic acid with selected active hydrogen containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention consists of a process for preparing bifunctional aliphatic organic compounds of at least 6 carbon atoms, wherein a cycloaliphatic oxyhydroperoxide is reacted with an alpha-olefine having its double bond activated by a conjugate electron-attracting group, in the presence of a bivalent Cr salt, a bivalent V salt or a trivalent Ti salt.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds and their alkali metal salts are useful metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. Selected compounds are also intermediates useful in the syntheses of aconitic acid as well as isocitric and alloisocitric acids and their lactones. The novel polyfunctional compounds are obtained from the reaction of maleic anhydride with selected active methylene or methine containing compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of oligomeric builders for use in detergent compositions. More particularly, the present invention relates to a biodegradable, oligomeric polyacrylate having a molecular weight of greater than about 500 and less than about 10,000, preferably less than about 5000. In the most desirable embodiments at least one end of the oligomer chain is terminated with either a sulfur containing moiety or an hydroxy containing moiety. Preferred cations are alkali metals, ammonium and substituted ammonium.

Abstract: Novel methods for preparing polycarboxylic compounds which are useful as metal sequestrants and food acidulants are disclosed. These compounds are aconitic and a mixture of aconitic acid, and the lactones of isocitric acid and alloisocitric acid. The compounds can be neutralized to the corresponding salts which, in turn, are metal sequestering agents. The novel methods include chlorination of propane-1,1,2,3-tetracarboxyalic tetraesters.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a novel process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds may be converted into the acid or salt forms of cis and trans aconitic acids as well as into a racemic mixture of isocitric acid, alloisocitric acid and the lactones of isocitric acid and alloisocitric acid and their salts. All of the acid and salt forms produced are useful as metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. The novel polyfunctional compounds can also be saponified to their corresponding alkali metal salts which, in turn, are also metal ion seqestering agents and detergent builders. The polyfunctional compounds are the reaction products obtained from the reaction of selected salts of monoalkyl esters of maleic acid with selected active hydrogen containing compounds.

Abstract: Synthesis of malic acid from maleic and/or fumaric acid in a reaction zone whose surfaces exposed to the reaction mixture consist of titanium, zirconium or tantalum and alloys containing at least 90% of one of these metals.